scholarly journals AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES LATINO-AMERICANAS PARA A TEORIA CRÍTICA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO

Caderno CRH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (84) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Kay
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Conventional Theory ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The North ◽  
Sciences Sociales

<p>Neste artigo, exploro a genealogia da contribuição crucial que os cientistas sociais latino-americanos fizeram para os estudos de desenvolvimento durante a segunda metade do século XX. Os estruturalistas contestaram a teoria convencional do comércio internacional, que havia sido proposta pelos teóricos do norte. Os teóricos da dependência criticaram as interpretações ortodoxas do subdesenvolvimento, como as propostas pelos teóricos da modernização, também principalmente do Norte. Aponto duas vertentes da teoria da dependência. Uma emergiu do processo de autocrítica de estruturalistas, e a outra teve suas raízes no marxismo crítico. Com o surgimento do neoliberalismo, alguns estruturalistas de dependência desenvolveram o neoestruturalismo, enquanto alguns dependentistas marxistas desenvolveram a teoria do sistema mundial. As idéias de pensadores estruturalistas e de dependência geraram debates acirrados, capazes de desafiar suas teorias ortodoxas, centradas no Norte, e de propor uma teoria alternativa do desenvolvimento do Sul.</p><p>THE LATIN AMERICAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO CRITICAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY </p><p>In this article I explore the genealogy of the crucial contribution which Latin American social scientists made to development studies during the second half of the twentieth century. The structuralists, through their centre-periphery paradigm, disputed the conventional theory of international trade which had been proposed the theorists from the North. In turn, dependency theorists critiqued the orthodox interpretations of underdevelopment, such as those proposed by modernization theorists, also mainly from the North. It is important to distinguish between two strands within dependency theory. One emerged from a process of self-criticism by structuralists and the other had its roots in critical Marxism. With the rise of neoliberalism some dependency structuralists developed neostructuralism while some Marxist dependentistas developed worldsystem theory. The ideas of structuralist and dependency thinkers generated fierce debates. They were able to challenge their orthodox and Northerncentric theories and propose an alternative critical theory of development from the South.</p><p>Keywords: Structuralism. Internal colonialism. Marginality. Dependency theory. Neostructuralisms.</p><p>LES CONTRIBUTIONS DE L’AMÉRIQUE LATINE À LA THÉORIE CRITIQUE DU DÉVELOPPEMENT</p><p>Dans cet article, j’explore la généalogie de la contribution cruciale que les chercheurs en sciences sociales d’Amérique latine ont apportée aux études sur le développement au cours de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Les structuralistes ont contesté la théorie conventionnelle du commerce international qui avait été proposée aux théoriciens du Nord. Les théoriciens de la dépendance ont critiqué les interprétations orthodoxes du sous-développement, telles que celles proposées par les théoriciens de la modernisation, aussi principalement du Nord. Il est important de distinguer deux volets dans la théorie de la dépendance. L’un a émergé d’un processus d’autocritique par les structuralistes et l’autre a ses racines dans le marxisme critique. Avec la montée du néolibéralisme, certains structuralistes dépendants ont développé le néostructuralisme tandis que certains dépendantistes marxistes ont développé la théorie du système mondial. Les idées des penseurs structuralistes et dépendants ont suscité de vifs débats.</p><p>Mots clés: Structuralisme. Colonialisme interne. Marginalité. Théorie de la dépendance. Néostructuralisme.</p>

scholarly journals Movilización política indígena contemporánea en Jujuy

Pelícano ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 088
Author(s):  
Agustina Fornero ◽  
Ana Valeria Avalo
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
Indigenous Resistance ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

Contemporary Indigenous political mobilization in Jujuy ResumenEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la movilización indígena en Jujuy en el marco de las políticas indigenistas del Estado provincial, a principios del año 2017. Para ello examinamos la Ley 5915 de “Servidumbres Administrativas de Electroducto y Régimen Especial de Constitución y Servidumbres Administrativas para el desarrollo de proyectos de generación de energía eléctrica a partir de fuentes renovables sobre inmuebles de propiedad comunitaria”, en tanto política indigenista del Estado jujeño; y retomamos la mirada crítica del dirigente indígena y antropólogo omawakeño Gustavo Gabriel Ontiveros, miembro de la Asamblea de Comunidades Libres de Jujuy.Para ello, recuperamos las categorías teóricas de indigenismo latinoamericano (Colombres, 1975; Bonfil Batalla, 1981; Favre, 1998 y Díaz Polanco, 2009) y de colonialismo interno (Rivera Cusicanqui, 2010). Utilizamos como fuente principal una exposición realizada por Ontiveros en el marco de la “Semana del aborigen 2017: fortaleciendo en Córdoba la resistencia indígena, negra y popular”, organizado por el Instituto de Culturas Aborígenes (ICA), donde expone el conflicto entre las comunidades y el gobierno provincial, relata la movilización indígena realizada en contra de la Ley 5915 y refiere a los principales reclamos de los pueblos indígenas en Jujuy.AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the indigenous mobilization in Jujuy within the framework of the indigenous policies of the provincial state at the beginning of the year 2017. On the one hand we analyzed the Law of "Administrative servitudes of busway and special regime of constitution and administrative servitudes for the development of projects of generation of electrical energy from renewable sources on community-owned properties" as Indigenist policy of the Jujuy state. And on the other we retake the criticism of the indigenous leader and anthropologist Omawakeño Gustavo Gabriel Ontiveros, member of the Assembly of Communities Free from Jujuy.In this way, we recovered the theoretical categories of Latin American indigenism (Colombes, 1975; Bonfil Battle, 1981; Favre, 1998 and Díaz Polanco, 2009) and internal colonialism (Rivera Cusicanqui, 2010). We use as main source an exhibition carried out by Ontiveros in the framework of the "Aboriginal Week 2017: strengthening in Córdoba the indigenous resistance, black and popular", organized by the Institute of Aborigine Cultures (ICA). Where it exposes the conflict between the communities and the provincial government, it recounts the indigenous mobilization carried out against the law 5915 and refers to the main claims of the indigenous peoples in Jujuy.Key words: indigenous struggle, indigenism, colonialism, Jujuy

scholarly journals "Ciência Cover" em ciências humanas e ciências sociais na América Latina

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Johannes Maerk
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
The North ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
America Latina

Este pequeno ensaio trata de analisar o porquê de haver uma longa tradição nas ciências humanas e sociais na América Latina de importar, indiscriminadamente, teorias e conceitos dos países do Norte. Chamamos “Ciência Cover” a atitude de copiar os conceitos estranhos à realidade social latino-americana. Ao mesmo tempo, há esforços importantes de elaboração própria, como a teoria da dependência, a sociologia da exploração e o conceito de "imperialismo interno", que apontam para uma autêntica construção latino-americana de conhecimento.Palavras-chave: Ciência Cover. América Latina. Teoria da independência. Sociologia da exploração. Imperialismo interno."Science Cover" in Humanities and social sciences in Latin AmericaAbstractThis small essay tries to analyze why there is a long tradition in Latin American humanities and social sciences to import theories and concepts from the countries of the North. I call “cover science” an attitude of importing ideas and concepts from other regions and of applying them indiscriminately to local social realities. At the same time, there are important efforts of authentic Latin American knowledge construction such as dependency theory, the sociology of exploitation or the concept of "internal imperialism”.Keywords: Science cover. Latin America. Theory of independence. Sociology of exploration. Internal imperialism.

The Ecclesiastical Colonization of Central America

Itinerario ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Adriaan C. van Oss
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Economic Dependence ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic Core

Dependency theory, which places responsibility for the underdevelopment of the peripheral zones of the world economy upon the North Atlantic core, might well be called a Latin American invention. It goes back, after all, to an article published in 1949 by the Argentine economist Raul Prebisch. Since that time, acceptance of the basic argument — which emphasizes intercontinental trade — has grown, also among historians. Economic dependence with respect to the North Atlantic world began during the colonial era, and forms the principal legacy of that period of Latin American history, according to Stanley and Barbara Stein's The Colonial Heritage of Latin America, first published in 1970 and now in its tenth printing.1 This view has it that economic dependence grew out of Spanish exploitation of American gold and silver, + maritime commerce in tropical plantation products. The entire Spanish colonial world in America would appear to have rested on these two pillars.

scholarly journals Poder e Autonomia: As Assimetrias do Sistema Financeiro e Monetário Internacional

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-123
Author(s):  
Gabriel Santos Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
North American ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The North ◽  
Monetary Relations ◽  
Match Theory ◽  
Latin American Countries

Este artigo tem por objetivo explicitar a natureza assimétrica das relações financeiras e monetárias entre os Estados desde 1945 até o presente. Destaca-se que as decisões tomadas acerca das questão financeiras internacionais foram marcadas pelo unilateralismo dos Estados Unidos, de forma que o poder, tratado em termos de autonomia, se mostrou fator decisivo e explicativo das mudanças financeiras internacionais. Assim, o sistema financeiro internacional é caracterizado por uma discrepante autonomia norte-americana em relação aos demais países, de maneira que esse sistema é moldado fundamentalmente a partir dos interesses dos Estados Unidos, enquanto que aos demais Estados restam as consequências, em larga medida desfavoráveis, das opções escolhidas. O artigo, com o objetivo de casar a teoria com a história, focará em dois eventos específicos: a crise da libra esterlina de 1947 e a crise da dívida dos países latino-americanos da década de 1980, buscando sempre mostrar como que as ações norte-americanas acabam por prejudicar e afetar negativamente os demais Estados que carecem de autonomia para resistirem às influências externas.  This article aims to explain the asymmetric nature of financial and monetary relations between States since 1945 until nowadays. It is highlighted that the decisions made on the international financial matters are characterized by the unilateralism of the United States, in a way that power, seen here as autonomy, has proven to be a decisive and explanatory element of the international financial changes. Thus, the international financial system is characterized by a discrepant North-American autonomy compared to other countries, so that this system is fundamentally forged under the interests of the United States, whereas the consequences from the chosen choices, which are mainly negative, are left for the other countries. The article, intending to match theory with history, will focus in two specific events: the 1947’s sterling crisis and the 1980s external debt crisis of the Latin-American countries, looking forward to demonstrate how the North-American actions impaired and undermined the other countries that lack autonomy to resist external influences.  

scholarly journals Dampak Globalisasi dan Lahirnya MNCs terhadap Munculnya North-South Development Gap

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Jevon Natashya
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Information Access ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
The North ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Gap

Since the 1980s, the world has changed because of the globalization in every aspect of life. Globalization has some impacts, both in positive and negative. Globalization makes it easier to trade between countries, investment, the expansion of MNCs, low-cost travelling, communications, information access, and other things. Globalization also makes easier for the MNCs to build up their factories and sell their products across the world. But, on the other side, globalization resulted in the development gap between Northern countries (US, UK, Japan, and Australia) and the Southern countries (Latin America, Africa, South Asia, and the others). The impacts mentioned earlier happened because of globalization, which is conducted mostly by the Northern countries that built factories in the Southern countries to push the production cost, get a lot of resources, and cheap labour wages. By the impacts of globalization and the formation of MNCs that led into the North-South development gap, the writer aims to analyze by using the dependency theory on explain about the case as a general.

Dependency Theory in Latin American History

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Reyes Hernández ◽  
Miguel Alejandro López López
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
World War ◽  
The United Nations

This article examines dependency theory, focusing especially on Latin America. Dependency theory includes different currents of thought stemming from analysis of extensive findings from literature, conferences, and discussions. Although it is of global dimensions, it has achieved greater impact in Latin America. At the end of the two world wars, many important colonial empires fell, including, after World War I, the German, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires, and, after World War II, those that belonged to Great Britain and France, among others. After World War II, the United States of America emerged as a hegemonic power. In this context, new nation-states emerged in the wake of many years of colonial or semi-colonial status. They included China, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Movements of national liberation in Asia and Africa; the emergence of new economies and polities influenced by colonialism and neocolonialism; criticisms arising from trends of thoughts in international organizations such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the Non-Aligned Movement, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC); and the aspirations for political and economic independence in Latin America achieved, in part, by implementing import substitution industrialization policies are expressions of a new reality that set in the wider context of the Cold War. In the social sciences, this reality is reflected in the appearance of topics under the term development theory, in which concepts such as economic backwardness, underdevelopment, modernization, and dependency are treated. Since the 1960s, dependency theory seeks to explain the characteristics of dependent development in Latin America, although it also includes consideration of Asia and Africa. Dependency theory responds to a different economic and social reality in Latin America, Asia, and Africa in comparison to developed countries. International capitalism developed such that some countries secured dominant positions early on, and others, including those in Latin America, Asia, and Africa, dependent ones later on. This article is characterized by two central features. First, the roots of the term and the concepts that underlie it are treated. Debates about the development of capitalism in underdeveloped societies and criticisms of the dominant economic theory in international trade (neoclassical economy) are considered. Second, emphasis is placed in the article on the fundamental part played by Latin America in theories on the origins of dependency theory and in the literature that has emerged on it.

scholarly journals Vaccine market and production capabilities in the Americas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Ortiz-Prado ◽  
Estefanía Espín ◽  
Jorge Vásconez ◽  
Nathalia Rodríguez-Burneo ◽  
Nikolaos C. Kyriakidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
The North ◽  
Exerted Pressure ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractIn the Americas, The United States of America, Canada, Mexico, and Brazil are the top vaccine producers and the countries with the leading infrastructure for biological manufacturing. The North American countries have the most demanding legislation regulating and controlling these pharmaceuticals’ distribution and production. Some Latin American countries rank in the top 20 of worldwide vaccine manufacturers, with Cuba, Brazil, México and Colombia have a self-sufficient vaccine production of 72.7%, 54,2%; 25%; and 7.7%, respectively, of the national vaccine demand. On the other hand, the rest of Latin American countries cannot satisfy their demand for vaccines, and most of their efforts are associated with the distribution within their health systems rather than in transferring technology.Based on this literature review, the results suggest an increasing growth vaccine demand, not only for their growing populations and previously established demand but also for the recently exerted pressure due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Because the American continent has a marked inequality between the hegemonic producers of vaccines, the exporters, and those that depend heavily on importing these products, this could assert technological dependence in countries with rapid population growth and jeopardize the effectiveness of the two vaccination plans.

Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) of mires Chefandzar and Masota in North Ossetia (Caucasus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia

Sphagnum mires on the Greater Caucasus are rare, characterized by the presence of relict plant communities of glacial age and are in a stage of degradation. The study of Sphagnum of Chefandzar and Masota mires is carried out for the first time. Seven species of Sphagnum are recorded. Their distribution and frequency within the North Caucasus are analyzed. Sphagnum contortum, S. platyphyllum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum are recorded for the first time for the study area and for the flora of North Ossetia. The other mosses found in the study area are listed.

HPLC Screening of Bioactives Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Hypericum Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gitea ◽  
Simona Vicas ◽  
Manuel Alexandru Gitea ◽  
Sebastian Nemeth ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Area ◽  
North Western ◽  
Hypericum Species ◽  
Biological Actions

Our study compares the content in polyphenolic compounds and hypericin, in four species of Hypericum - H. perforatum L., H. maculatum Cr., H. hirsutum L., H. tetrapterum Fr. (syn. Hypericumacutum Mnch.) harvested from spontaneous flora in the north-western area of Transylvania, Romania. These species represent an important source of such compounds with different biological actions. After making the extracts, they were subjected to HPLC-SM analysis. The presence of rutoside in the largest amount (462.82 mg %) in the H. perforatum extract was observed, this containing most of the flavonoid heterosides. For the species H. maculatum, the presence in a much higher amount of the hyperoside (976.36 mg %) is characteristic compared to the other species. Quercetol is the best represented of the flavonoid aglycons, its concentration being the highest in H. hirsutum (659.66 mg %). The hypericin content ranges from 0.2171 g % in the H. tetrapterum extract, to 0.0314 g % in the methanol extract of H. maculatum.The highest antioxidant properties measured by FRAP method were recorded in the case of H. perforatum and H. maculatum.

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