A Comprehensive Method for the Evaluation of Hermetia illucens Egg Quality Parameters: Implications and Influence Factors

The significant momentum received by Hermetia illucens as a worldwide species is due to its biological traits and large applicability in scientific research, environmental entomoremediation, insect meal production, and for biodiesel yield. The aim of this research is to develop a method for the preparation and precise egg counting of the H. illucens egg clutch, as well as an accurate technique for evaluating egg biometric parameters. The precise proposed method for egg preparation and counting consists in dispersing the eggs clutch under a stereo microscope and counting the eggs on a photographic capture using the Clickmaster software. Five solution types were used to disperse the egg clutches: glycerin 50%, ethanol 70%, ethanol 80%, physiological serum 0.9% and purified water. The efficiency of the estimation method for eggs number evaluation was also tested by using the estimated egg weight as a conversion factor. The biometric parameters of single eggs (length and width) were determined using the free Toupview software. The precise method of egg preparation and counting allows for the registration of the eggs number manually identified by the operator. The appropriate dispersion solutions were glycerin 50% and ethanol 70%. The method has an error of 1.4 eggs for each 500 counted eggs, thus an accuracy of over 99.4%. The eggs number estimation method is not applicable without significant errors, the accuracy being less than 32%, due to egg heterogeneity in the clutch. Biometric parameters (length and width) are positively correlated with egg weight (r = 0.759) and with the number of eggs in the clutch (r = 0.645). In conclusion, the results clearly suggest the method of egg preparation and precise counting for an accurate evaluation of quality parameters of the H. illucens clutches, as well as the technique for evaluating egg biometric parameters.

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The influence of strain and age on some egg quality parameters of commercial laying hens

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1104649k ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1649-1658 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. Kocevski ◽

N. Nikolova ◽

A. Kuzelov

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Older Age ◽

White Line ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Statistical Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Breeding Technology ◽

Egg Shell

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of strain and age on some egg quality parameters (egg weight and egg shell strength) of commercial laying hens. Layers of lines ISA Brown and DeKalb White were examined in period of nine months. Both lines were at same age (28 weeks) and were confined in common facility in battery cages. Laying hens were reared and fed according to standard breeding technology. Once a month 25 eggs of each line were taken to be examined for eggshell strength and egg weight, or in other words, total 450 table eggs were tested. Analises were done in Laboratory for testing egg quality by gaudges Egg Multi Tester EMT 5200 and Egg shell Gauge (Robotmation Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) which have computerised equipment to examine quality and physical characteristics of eggs. Statistic analyses on results were done by computer sub-programme ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test to determine the level of statistical significant difference between examined factors. Egg weight was under significant impact of age (P ? 0,05), but not under the influence of strain, although eggs of ISA Brown line were insignificantly heavier than eggs of DeKalb White line. Eggs were heaviest at layers with older age, while they were lightest at younger birds. The results have shown significant differences (P ? 0,05) in eggshell strength compared to line influence (genotype) and months of age. Eggs from ISA Brown laying hens had much better and eggshell strength than those eggs from DeKalb White. Correlations between eggshell strength and egg weight were with significant (R < 0,05) negative value, which indicating that with increasing egg weight decreases of eggshell strength.

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Effect of different phosphorus levels on the performance and egg quality of laying hens fed wheat- and maize-based diets

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1699-cjas ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 420-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Skřivan ◽

M. Englmaierová ◽

V. Skřivanová

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Shell Thickness ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Diet Type ◽

Phosphorus Levels

The effects of diet type (wheat- or maize-based) and concentration of available phosphorus (AP; about 4, 3 and 2 g/kg) on the parameters of hen performance and egg quality as well as shell calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents were examined. Two experiments were carried out in which 240 and 120, respectively, older ISA Brown hens were housed in enriched cages. The interaction of diet type and AP concentration was ascertained for all evaluated characteristics except the amount of Ca and P deposited in shells in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the interaction of diet type and AP concentration was found for feed intake, egg weight, shell thickness and weight as well as the albumen quality parameters. Furthermore, Ca deposition in shells increased (P < 0.001) with the wheat diet. Hens fed a maize-based diet (P < 0.001) laid heavier eggs. The highest level of AP (4.1 g/kg) in the wheat-based diet significantly (P < 0.001) decreased albumen height, albumen index and Haugh units (HU). These trends were the same in both experiments. The results indicate that 0.27% AP in wheat-based diet and 0.30% AP in maize-based diet are adequate for hens with the intake 115 g of feed with 3.5% of Ca without a negative impact on performance or egg quality.

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Quality of eggs from pasture rearing layers of different genotypes

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah2002181s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 181-190

Author(s):

Zdenka Skrbic ◽

Milos Lukic ◽

Veselin Petricevic ◽

Snezana Bogosavljevic-Boskovic ◽

Simeon Rakonjac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shell Thickness ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Shape Index ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Naked Neck ◽

Quality Properties ◽

Shell Quality

The comparison of physical quality properties of table eggs of commercial hybrid Tetra SL and two native indigenous breeds of hens, Banat Naked Neck and Svrljig hen, was performed in conditions of alternative production in the pasture system in portable cages without the floor. The experiment was conducted during the vegetation period, at the age of hens of 53-57 weeks. In order to produce good quality eggs, the diet was designed with a complete mixture based on maize and soybean. In addition, constant availability of pastures was ensured. Egg sampling was performed in the morning and the initial egg quality was examined based on egg weight, shape index, egg white, egg yolk and shell quality parameters. Layer hens of the commercial hybrid Tetra SL had significantly higher egg weight and better internal egg quality (p<0.01) compared to hens of Banat Naked Neck and Svrljig hens, except for the colour of the yolk, which was more intense in the same feeding and breeding conditions and the age of laying hens, in eggs of native breeds (p<0.01). Native breeds in relation to the commercial hybrid had lighter shell colour (p<0.01). Deformation and egg shell thickness differed (p<0.01) between all three genotypes. The determined rank of layer hen genotypes for shell thickness was: Tetra SL, Banat Naked Neck, Svrljig hen. However, the breaking force was without statistically confirmed difference between hen genotypes.

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Substitution Value Of Maize Offal For Maize In Diets Of Laying Hens

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v17i.2068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 56-59

Author(s):

O. J. Uko ◽

P. Awoyesuku ◽

G. M. Babatunde

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Egg Production ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Dietary Treatments

Two hundred and sixteen Golden Hubbard strain of laying eggs, aged 32 weeks, were used to investigate the optimal level of maize offal (MO) that could replace maize with no detrimental effects on the performance of the hens. Graded levels of MO(0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) replaced equal levels of maize in six dietary treatments (1 to 6 respectively). There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between diets in egg production and weight weight gain of the hens. Egg weight was highly influenced (P<0.01) by the dietary treatments, with 30% MO producing the heaviest eggs. Increasing dietary levels of MO significantly (P<0.01) significantly increased feed consumption. Feed conversion efficiency differed (P>0.05) only at 50% levels of dietary MO. Of the egg quality parameters investigated, albumen, yolk and shell percentages were not affected (P>0.05) by the MO, while the Haugh Units were (P<0.05).

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Effect of activated clinoptilolite in aflatoxin B1 contaminated laying hen diets on aflatoxin B1 residues and quality of eggs

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn1733013d ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Ergün Demir ◽

Hüseyin Eseceli ◽

Akif Özcan

Keyword(s):

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Laying Hen ◽

Production Performance ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Treat Ment ◽

High Level ◽

Chicken Blood

This study was carried out to determine the effect of a high level of aflatoxin B1 in laying hen diets, supplemented with deactivated and activated clinoptilolite, on inner and outer quality and aflatoxin B1 residues in eggs. Two experimental groups were formed and fed high aflatoxin B1 diets (965 ppb) containing deactivated and activated (450 ?C for 60 minutes) clinoptilolite (2% of diet) for 49 days. In the experiment, a total of 960 55-week-old Lohmann LSL (white) laying hens were used. Each group had 8 replicates and 480 hens. Egg weight, inner and outer egg quality parameters and egg aflatoxin B1 levels were determined in a total of 90 eggs collected on the 15th, 30th and 49th days of the experiment. Diets containing deactivated or activated clinoptilolite decreased aflatoxin B1 production in laying hen diets after incubation period of 15 days. Activation of clinoptilolite by heat treat?ment significantly reduced aflatoxin B1 level in eggs (p<0.05). In addition, the use of clinop?tilolite as an antifungal agent in the presence of high aflatoxin B1level in layer hen diets significantly increased the weight of eggs and significantly reduced the ratio of broken-cracked and dirty eggs (p<0.05). Chicken blood albumin, creatinine and calcium levels were higher in hens fed diet containing activated clinoptilolite (p<0.05). However, triglyceride and VLDL levels decreased significantly in the blood of these animals (p <0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of hen diets containing high aflatoxin B1 with activated clinoptilolite improves production performance, egg quality and decreases aflatoxin B1 residue in the egg.

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Egg quality in different lines of New Hampshire and Giriraja chicken

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v49i2.53219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 108-118

Author(s):

N Baskota ◽

M Sharma ◽

N Bhattrai ◽

D Neupane ◽

RK Yadav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Hampshire ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Shell Thickness ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Shape Index ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Quality Parameter ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Egg Diameter ◽

Better Than

This study was undertaken to evaluate the egg quality parameters of New Hampshire and Giriraja by maintaining four different flocks (lines) of New Hampshire viz. NH-Khajura, NH-Parwanipur, NH-Khumaltar and NH-Pokhara and three different flocks (lines) of Giriraja viz. GR-Pakhribas, GR-Khumaltar and GR-Tarhara. The 40-60 weeks of hatchability, fertility, external and internal egg quality parameters were studied and recorded. A total of 200 birds (40 weeks of age) of each New Hampshire and Giriraja from each line were maintained on deep litter system. Results from this study indicated the significant effect of genotype and respective lines on fertility and hatchability of eggs. Significant (P<0.05) variation in fertility and no significant variation in hatchability for genotypes were found. However, in terms of fertility and hatchability, there were significant variations in different lines. In case of egg weight: no significant (P<0.01) variation was obtained for genotype but lines comparison showed significant variation. Other external egg quality parameters like egg length, egg diameter, shape index, shell thickness were examined for evaluating the genotype and line effect. In all these external egg quality parameters, there were significant (P<0.01) effect of both genotype and lines of birds. For internal egg qualities, yolk weight (g), yolk index, albumen weight and albumen index were checked. Genotype had no significant (P<0.01) effect but lines had significant (P<0.01) effect on yolk weight. In case of yolk index, both genotype and lines of bird had no significant effect. For albumen weight and albumen index, genotype of birds had no significant (P<0.01) effect but lines of bird had significant (P<0.01) effect on both parameters. The study showed that the egg quality parameters of NH (Khajura) were better than that of GR. Among different lines New Hampshire (Khajura) showed better performance in terms of egg quality parameter. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (2): 108-118

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Effects of phytogenic additive on production and quality of table eggs in early stage of laying cycle

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1101025v ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 25-31

Author(s):

M. Vekic ◽

L. Peric ◽

M. Djukic-Stojcic ◽

N. Milosevic ◽

S. Bjedov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Early Stage ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Second Grade ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Early Stages

The aim of this paper is to present results achieved by adding dietary phytogenic additive (Biomin? P.E.P. 125 poultry) on production and quality of table eggs in the early stages of laying period in commercial Hy Line Brown hens. The experiment was conducted from 16 to 28 weeks of hens age. During the experimental period the following parameters were determined every week : egg production, percentage of second grade eggs and egg weight. The examination of egg quality was conducted at 21, 24, 26 and 28 weeks of hens age. Based on the obtained results we can conclude that the addition of dietary phytogenic additive induced an increase in egg production and egg weight and reduced the percentage of second grade eggs. Significant effects of phytogenic additive on some egg quality parameters were not established.

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Effect of Production System and Age on Egg Quality Parameters: A Case of Niğde Province Çamardı District, Turkey

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v9i8.1407-1412.4241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1407-1412

Author(s):

Emine Polat Yurtseven ◽

Ahmet Şekeroğlu ◽

Brian Tainika ◽

Mustafa Duman ◽

Yunus Emre Şentürk

Keyword(s):

Production System ◽

Shell Thickness ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Breaking Strength ◽

Shape Index ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Free Range ◽

Thickness Shell ◽

Haugh Unit

This study compared egg quality parameters in layers under free-range system with prefabricated pens and backyard while emphasizing hen age. A total of 300 eggs collected from prefabricated pens and backyard farming families in the Çamardı District of Niğde Province were used as study materials. The assessed external and internal egg quality characteristics included egg weight, shape index, shell thickness, shell breaking strength, albumen index, Haugh unit, yolk index, and yolk colour. The effect of production system on albumen index, Haugh unit, and yolk colour score was found statistically significant. There was a significant effect of age on shape index, shell thickness, shell breaking strength, albumen index, Haugh Unit, yolk index, and yolk colour score. The effect of interaction between age and production system was statistically significant for shape index, shell thickness, yolk index, Haugh Unit, and yolk colour score. It was determined that the egg`s meat and blood spots percentages from the free-range and backyard systems were 10.6% and 15.3%, respectively. It was concluded that while eggs produced from free-range system are superior in terms of egg weight, shape index, and Haugh unit those obtained from backyard hens are higher in eggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength, and egg yolk colour.

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Evaluation of egg quality parameters of two Hungarian ostrich populations

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/1/8523 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 51-57

Author(s):

Lili Dóra Brassó ◽

István Komlósi

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Surface Area ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Storage Period ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Shape Index ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality parameters, porosity and weight loss of eggs deriving from the two most significant ostrich farms in Hungary. Quality parameters included weight, length, width, shape index, egg volume, surface area, circumference and shell volume. The effect of storage conditions in both farms and the incubation technology on egg weight loss in farm “A” were also examined. The research objective was to impart a comprehensive knowledge on egg quality parameters of the main ostrich populations in Hungary and to compare the trios and the farms with each other and the international literature. We could reveal significant differences between trios in all egg quality traits. In conclusion, the shorter and the narrower the eggs were, the more spherical shape they had. Narrower eggs showed smaller surface area, volume, circumference and shell volume and vice versa. Eggs from farm “B” indicated significantly greater width, shape index, surface area, circumference and shell volume than farm “A”. A significant difference was observed in weight loss during storage between the farms. Weight loss in farm “A” was a multiple of farm “B”. In farm “B” there was a weak, positive correlation between storage period and weight loss (r=0.22, P≤0.05), in farm “A” it was not significant (P=0.52). There was no relationship between the initial egg weight and weight loss either in farm “A” or farm “B” (P=0,21, P=0,69). A slight positive correlation could be noted between egg porosity and weight loss (r=0.24, P≤0.05). Pores count presented here was less than the international results. Poultry eggs contain the most pores at the blunt end, less via the equator and the least at the pointed end. In ostrich egg we found more pores via the equator against the blunt end. To draw more precise conclusions, further investigation should be carried out on porosity. Considering the fact that the length of storage period and the weight loss during incubation are in strict correlation with hatchability, we intend to extend our research aims to these traits.

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Interaction between housing system and genotype in relation to internal and external egg quality parameters

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/3838-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 490-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

E. Tůmová ◽

M. Englmaierová ◽

Z. Ledvinka ◽

V. Charvátová

Keyword(s):

Quality Indicators ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Housing System ◽

Eggshell Thickness ◽

Pore Density ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Housing Systems ◽

Eggshell Quality

The effect of three housing systems (conventional cages, enriched cages and litter) on egg quality parameters was evaluated in two experiments with four brown laying strains ISA Brown, Hisex Brown, Bovans Brown and Moravia BSL. During 40 weeks of lay the total number of 7200 eggs was produced and analysed for egg weight, egg component weight and eggshell quality indicators. In 60 eggs, pore density in the small-end, large-end and equatorial areas was determined. Significant interactions between genotype and housing were found out in egg weight (P ≤ 0.001), yolk and albumen weight (P ≤ 0.001) and yolk colour (P ≤ 0.001). Haugh units were the highest in eggs laid in cages and the lowest in the ISA Brown strain. Eggshell quality indicators were affected more by genotype than by housing. The interaction between genotype and housing was not significant for eggshell thickness but it was significant for eggshell weight and strength. Although eggshell thickness was lower in eggs produced in cages, eggshell strength was higher. A significant negative correlation was found out between pore density and housing system. Results of the study suggest that the ability of a strain to produce eggs of high quality in a particular housing system should be considered, even within brown strains.

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