scholarly journals Assessment of the resistance of highly ornamental plants of autochthonous flora to increased concentrations of pollutants

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
H. G. Shutava ◽  
A.V. Bashilov ◽  
E.A. Sedun ◽  
A.A. Vaitsekhouskaya ◽  
M. Onete
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Cell Selection ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Centaurea Jacea ◽  
Lead Zinc

Aim. The purpose of the work is to assess the resistance of highly decorative plants of the native flora to a high level of salinity and the content of zinc, lead and cadmium for landscaping urban and roadside areas. Methods. We used seed germination under laboratory conditions with soaking in solutions of sodium chloride and salts of zinc, lead and cadmium, as well as the method of in vitro cell selection to increase resistance to salinity of Verbascum nigrum L. Results. The resistance of 7 species of highly decorative plants, representatives of the autochthonous flora of Belarus, to increasing concentrations of lead, zinc and cadmium salts was assessed. Germination capacity, length and morphology of roots, length of seedlings during germination of seeds of Betonica officinalis L., Centaurea jacea L., Verbascum nigrum, Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult., Galium verum L., Anthemis tinctoria L., Anthemis arvensis L., Viscaria vulgaris Bernh., Achillea millefolium L. in the presence of sodium chloride are shown. It has been shown that the in vitro cell selection method is promising for the selection of resistant lines of Verbascum nigrum. Conclusions. The presence of lead, zinc and cadmium salts had a significant effect on the average length of the root, hypocotyl, and cotyledonous leaves, as well as the germination capacity of highly decorative species of autochthonous flora. The most resistant to salinity were yarrow (Achillea millefolium), brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea) and black mullein (Verbascum nigrum). Lines of Verbascum nigrum, capable of growing in vitro at a sodium chloride concentration of 5 g/L, were selected. Keywords: salinity, heavy metals, seed germination, highly decorative species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Tolerance to Temperature and Salinity on Seed Germination of Three Lamiacea from Algerian Scrubland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Mohammed Dadach ◽  
Zoheir Mehdadi ◽  
Abd Latif Adjouj
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Salinity Effect ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare

Abstract Global warming and soil salinity are major constraints threat speared of Mediterranean endogenous flora, however little is known about the effect of these phenomena on seed germination patterns, particularly in Algeria. Germination test under laboratory controlled conditions had been carried out using seeds of Marrubium vulgare, Sideritis incana and Stachys ocymastrum. Seeds were submitted at temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C, after that and within optimum temperatures, various sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 0, 34, 68, 102 and 136 mM were set to evaluated salinity effect. Germination was more satisfactory on temperatures ranged between 15 and 25 °C. Whereas, increased or decreased temperatures from the optimum bring to germination fall. High seed germination capacity had been showed on non-saline solution. While, germination had depressed by enhanced NaCl solution up to 136 Mm in which Final Germination Percentage are either significantly decreased (for S. ocymastrum seeds 18% germination) or absolutely inhibited (for M. vulgare and S. incana seeds), as well Initial Germination Day are delayed. Overall, data showed that germination patterns response varies among species, given that seed germination is remarkably limited by extremes temperatures and salinity.

Seed-germination ecology of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible biotypes of Echinochloa colona in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneet Kaur Mutti ◽  
Gulshan Mahajan ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Wide Range

Echinochloa colona L. (Link) (awnless barnyard grass) is one of the top three most problematic weeds of summer crops in Australia. This weed has evolved resistance to glyphosate. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the germination and seedling emergence of a glyphosate-resistant (GR) and a glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype of E. colona. The two biotypes had similar germination and emergence responses to light and temperature conditions, water stress, solution pH, sorghum residue cover and seed burial depth. Light stimulated germination more than dark conditions, and seeds germinated at a wide range of alternating day/night temperatures, from 20°C/10°C to 35°C/25°C, whereas no seeds germinated at 15°C/5°C. These results suggest that E. colona can emerge in spring, summer and autumn in Queensland. The sodium chloride concentration required to inhibit 50% germination was greater for the GR biotype (209 mm) than the GS biotype (174 mm). Seed germination was not affected by pH in the range 4–10. Water stress reduced germination by 50% at an osmotic potential of –0.44 MPa. In a shade-house study, retention of sorghum residue cover on the soil surface reduced the seedling emergence of E. colona. Emergence was 70% in the absence of crop residue, whereas a residue amount of 8 t ha–1 reduced emergence to 47%. Emergence was greatest for seeds placed on the soil surface and declined linearly with increasing burial depth; no seedlings emerged from 8 cm depth. The GR biotype had higher germination than the GS biotype under high sodium chloride concentrations; therefore, this biotype may be highly competitive with crops under highly saline conditions. Because germination was high on the soil surface and was stimulated by light, this weed will remain problematic under no-till farming systems in Australia.

scholarly journals Effect of Mannitol and Sodium Chloride on Some Total Secondary Metabolites of Fenugreek Calli Cultured In vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam A. Hussein ◽  
Esam M. Aqlan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Hypocotyls of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) were cut into 5 mm long segments and used as explants. For obtaining callus under various water and salt stress levels, MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA and 1.0 mg/l NAA was prepared; then divided into nine portions, the first of which was kept as control while to the other portions mannitol (0.1 and 0.3% w/v) and sodium chloride (0.1 and 0.3% w/v) were added separately and interacted. Callus formation was allowed to take place for a period of six weeks in the dark at 250C. Calli from various treatments were then harvested and subjected to growth, total phenolics, total flavonoids and total tannin contents determinations. Results of the present study have shown that the lower concentration of mannitol enhanced growth while the higher concentration enhanced growth, total phenolics and total flavonoid contents in comparison to the control. Mild salt stress which was created by the lower sodium chloride concentration reduced growth with concomitant increase in total phenolics, total flavonoids and total tannins while the higher salt concentration significantly decreased growth and secondary metabolite accumulation as well. Interaction treatments between mannitol and sodium chloride exhibited various effects on calli growth and secondary metabolites levels. This study throws some light on the behavior of cultured fenugreek cells grown under water and salt stress.   Key words: Trigonella foenum-gaecum, callus, abiotic stress, secondary metabolites   D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i1.9561   Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(1): 35-43, 2011 (June)

Renin release from different parts of rat afferent arterioles in vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. F12-F16 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Baumbach ◽  
O. Skott
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Renin Release ◽  
Afferent Arteriole ◽  
Sodium Chloride Concentration ◽  
Afferent Arterioles ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Renin Content

A technique was designed to study renin release from superfused rat glomeruli with short attached arterioles (SAG), from single glomeruli with long attached arterioles (LAG), and from single afferent arterioles (AA). The preparations obtained by magnetic isolation and microdissection were superfused individually, and the renin release was measured by an ultramicroradioimmunoassay with a detection limit of 3 X 10(-9) Goldblatt units. The renin content of one SAG was about one-fifth of that contained in one AA. Isoprenaline (10(-5) M) did not change renin release from SAG, whereas renin release from AA and LAG increased threefold (P less than 0.01). A 30-mosmol/kg reduction in medium sodium chloride concentration increased renin release from SAG 50% (P less than 0.01). This challenge caused no change in renin release from AA. It is concluded that the isoprenaline-sensitive juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are located in the afferent arteriole only at some distance from the glomerulus, whereas those cells sensitive to sodium chloride are located within and/or close to the glomerulus.

Pollution retention capabilities of roadside soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dierkes ◽  
W. F. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Highway Runoff ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Lead Zinc

Runoff from highways contains significant loads of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. According to German regulations, it should be infiltrated over embankments to support groundwater-recharge. To investigate the decontaminating effect of greened embankments, soil-monoliths from highways with high traffic densities were taken. Soils were analyzed to characterize the contamination in relation to distance and depth for lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, PAH and MOTH. Lysimeters were charged in the field and laboratory with highway runoff to study the effluents under defined conditions. Concentrations of pollutants in roadside soils depend on the age of embankments and traffic density. Highest concentrations were found in the upper 5 cm of the soil and within a distance of up to two metres from the street. Concentrations of most pollutants decreased rapidly with depth and distance. Lead and cadmium could not be detected in lysimeter effluent. Zinc and copper were found in concentrations that did not exceed drinking water quality limits.

Seed-borne fungi of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] and their possible control in vitro using locally available fungicides in Botswana.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Khare* ◽  
Loeto D. ◽  
Wale K. ◽  
Salani M.
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Petri Plate

Seeds of three cowpea cultivars namely Black eye, ER 7 and Tswana obtained from the Department of Agriculture Research, Gaborone were tested for the presence of seed-borne fungi, and their possible control in vitro using locally available fungicides. Four hundred fifty seeds of each cultivar of cowpea were disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min and washed three times with sterile distilled water before placing them in PDA plates (5 seeds/9 cm Petri plate), incubated at 22±2o C for 12 hour each under continuous light and dark. A total of eight fungi were detected from seeds of cowpea. These were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cylindrocarpon sp., Fusarium equisiti, F. oxyaporum, Penicillium chyrosogenum, Rhizopus oligosporus and R. stolonifer. Rhizopus spp. were dominant fungi recovered from seeds, followed by Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Cylindrocarpon. The fungi detected resulted in decay and rotting of seeds, and thereby reducing percentage germination of seeds (22%, 37% and 63 % seed germination in Black eye, ER7 and Tswana varieties of cowpea respectively). Out of four fungicides tested, benlate, captan, dithane M 45 and chlorothalanil. Dithane M45 effectively controlled seed-borne fungi, and enhanced seed germination to an average of 86% (93% germination with no fungi detected in Tswana variety) as compared to chlorothalonile (79%), benlate and captan (77%) and un-treated seeds (45%). The fungal incidence was reduced to 2.3%, 4.3%, 5.3% and 5.3% when seeds were treated with dithane M-45, chlorothalonil, benlate and captan respectively as compared to 62% in non-treated seeds.

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