scholarly journals Productivity and viral diseases of seed potatoes depending on the period of potato desiccation

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Olga Vushnevska ◽  
Volodymyr Dmytrenko ◽  
Nataliia Zakharchuk ◽  
Tetiana Oliinyk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Potato Variety ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Seed Yields

The aim of the research was to determine the crop productivity, yield of tubers of seed fraction and infection of basic potato seeds with viral infection depending on the period of potato desiccation, application of mineral oil Sunspray, the number and species of winged aphids in the Polissia region of Ukraine. The study was conducted in the prebasic seed production nursery garden of the Institute for Potato Research, NAAS under the conditions of spatial isolation from the main sources and vectors of viral infections of potatoes, located in Nemishaieve, Borodiаnka distr., Kyiv region in the southern part of the Polissia region of Ukraine. The subject of the research is pre-basic and basic seed material of potatoes of mid ripening varieties Myroslava, Predslava, Alians. On average for 2018-2020 years of studies, the highest seed yield was obtained by potato desiccation 10 days after flowering of potatoes - 82.4-85.3 %. However, the level of total and seed yields was low. The efficiency of seed potato production increased with the haulm removal after 20 days - with the total yield depending on the variety 20.6-30.0 t/ha, the yield of seed tubers was in the range of 20.6-22.9 t/ha with the seed content in the crop structure - 71.0-76.3 %. Late haulm removal – on 30th and 40th days after potatoes flowering caused an increase in the yield of tubers of non-standard fraction, with desiccation on 30th day, the seed content in the crop decreased by 61.1-66.0 %, and with desiccation on 40th – by 54-59.8 %. Thus, during the early haulm removal, part of the crop was lost, which during haulm removal in the late stages consisted of large tubers. It has been found out, that potato plants, where the haulm removal during 2018, 2019 was carried out within 10 days after flowering, which was 4.0 % (9.0 % for the check) for the Myroslav potato variety, 3.0 % (10.0 % for the check) for the Predslava potato variety and 4.0 % (9.0 % for the check) for the Alians potato variety were the least infected with PVM. The level of PVM infection when removing the haulm on the 10th day after flowering with the application of Sunspray mineral oil at a rate of 6.0 l/ha decreased on average for the three varieties by 1.5–2.5 %. The best option to preserve the quality characteristics of seed potatoes was to desiccate the potato haulm on 20th day after flowering of potato varieties Myroslava, Predslava and Alians and the application of mineral oil Sunspray - 6.0 l / ha. The yield was 28.8-30.0 t/ha, seed fraction 20.6-22.9, seed yield - 71.0-76.3 %, viral PVM infection was 2.0 3.0 %

Effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on the drying, yield and quality of canola

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Darwent ◽  
K. J. Kirkland ◽  
L. Townley-Smith ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
A. J. Cessna
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Seed Yields

Potential use of preharvest applications of glyphosate in canola (Brassica rapa L.) in western Canada both as a harvest aid and to control weeds prompted this study. Experiments were conducted from 1988 to 1990 at four locations in the region to document the effectiveness of preharvest applications of glyphosate to enhance canola seed and foliage drydown and to measure the effect of such applications on seed yield and quality. Glyphosate was applied in early August to early September at rates of 0.45, 0.90 and 1.70 kg acid equivalent ha−1 to canola with seed moisture contents ranging from 79 to 12%. Seed and foliage moisture drydown were not enhanced by glyphosate treatment. Glyphosate treatments generally had little or no effect on canola seed yields, seed weight, seed germination, green seed content or oil content except when applied when the pods were green and when seed moisture contents were high. Seed/pod moisture was not a reliable indicator of stage of canola development and thus, should not be used alone as an indicator of when preharvest applications of glyphosate can be applied to canola without decreasing seed yield and quality. Key words: Glyphosate, canola, Brassica rapa L., preharvest application, desiccation, seed quality

YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAPE IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. SHEPPARD ◽  
T. E. BATES
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A field trial was conducted for 3 yr to monitor the response of seed rape (Brassica napus L.) to several fertilizer treatments at two seeding dates. The fertilizer treatments consisted of 0–200 kg N/ha, 0–100 kg P/ha and 0–180 kg K/ha broadcast with or without 4.2–7–0 kg N-P-K/ha banded below the seed. Total yield, seed yield, plant height, lodging index, seed contents of oil and N, and leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn and B were measured. Rape responded to broadcast N with maximum seed yields at 100 kg N/ha independent of seeding date or banded fertilizer. Leaf concentrations of N, P and K were influenced by nitrogen supply but the critical leaf N concentration varied considerably. Response to 7 kg P/ha banded or 25 kg P/ha broadcast occurred when the soil P was less than 10 μg/cc. The critical leaf P concentration was less than 0.2%. Very little response to broadcast K was observed with a soil test of approximately 60 μg K/cc. The early seeding date (late April to early May) increased seed yields an average of 225 kg/ha over the late seeding date (late May) and the band placement of fertilizer increased seed yields an average of 55 kg/ha over comparable treatments without banded fertilizer. Seed yield and leaf elemental composition are presented as functions of broadcast nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

An analysis of the effects of seed weight, seed rate and date of harvest on the yield and economic value of seed-potato crops

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Allen ◽  
Susan A. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields

SummaryFive experiments were carried out in two seasons which studied the effects of seed weight, seed rate and date of harvesting on yield of seed crops of Record (four experiments) and Maris Piper (one experiment) in Scotland. Small seed (35 g) produced more above-ground stems and tubers and higher seed yields at equal seed rates than large seed (105 g). Increasing seed rate with both seed weights increased yield of seed-size tubers. The value of the seed crop was measured as the number of ware hectares which could be replanted from the yield of 20–55 mm tubers and calculated using recommended seed rates (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1982). Small seed produced more replantable hectares than large seed at equal seed rates in all experiments with Record and increasing seed rate increased the number of replantable hectares. However, when seed retained for replanting at the same seed rate was taken into account, small seed produced more replantable hectares only when total yield reached approximately 40 t/ha. Seed yield was much higher in Maris Piper than in Record and effects of seed weight were small. Increasing seed rate increased the number of replantable ware hectares but the effect was much reduced after retention of seed for replanting.The effect of pricing policy for seed and ware on returns to the seed grower was also established. The sale of seed (and ware tubers) at fixed prices per tonne produced lower returns than selling seed at varying prices per tonne in relation to tuber size and equivalent to a fixed ware cost per hectare planted especially where seed yields were high. Delaying harvesting increased sale value but crops reached 85–90% of the final value before many oversize tubers (> 55 mm) were found and large yields of such tubers from low seed rates produced lower returns than from increased seed rates.The number of ware hectares produced per seed hectare (even net of seed retained for replanting) was high especially in Maris Piper. The results show that the area devoted to seed potato production in U.K. is much too high for the ware area and the significance for the future of seed production is discussed.

scholarly journals Breeding of a protein pea ideotype for Finnish conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-72
Author(s):  
Simo Hovinen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Yields

The characteristics of protein pea (Pisum sativum L.) adapted to cultivation in Finnish conditions were specified. Ideotypes for pure and mixed stands were defined separately. Factors affecting seed yield, protein yield and protein content were determined. Efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation in the varieties was evaluated at two nitrogen application levels, 16 and 80 kg/ha. Selection methods for increasing protein content were discussed. The commercial varieties bred during the programme were presented. The effect of the gene af on different characteristics of the pea was the central object of the studies. The ideotype of peas for cultivation in Finland has to be of the afila-type. This concerns cultivation in both pure and mixed stands. Afila-peas gave seed yields and protein yields as high as the leafed ones. The lodging of afila-peas throughout the generative growth phase was less than that of the conventional leaf types. In mixed cropping the most suitable afila-peas generally formed almost completely unlodged stands together with cereals. The best seed yields were given by the varieties with a stem height of 61 to 94 cm. Due to competition, the corresponding height in mixed stands ranged from 80 to 100 cm. For the same reason, varieties to be used in mixed stands must possess a fairly large seed size and fast growth rate after emergence. The optimum flowering period lasted from 19 to 28 days. The varieties must be early, with a growing time from 91 to 101 days. Late varieties are not adapted to northern conditions, giving low yields and poor quality. The mean yield of the varieties was 4500 kg/ha in pure stands. The high nitrogen application level of 80 kg/ha did not increase pea yield in comparison with the 16 kg/ha level. In contrast, it enhanced the protein content by 1 % and the protein yield slightly. In mixed stands the mean total yield was 4700kg/ha. The hectare yields of crude protein reached levels of 990 and 900 kg respectively. Early varieties tend to have a low protein content. The protein content ranged from 15.4 to 27.6 per cent in the unselected line material. A negative, although weak correlation was found between seed yield and protein content. A variety with the highest protein yield must exceed the average level both in seed yield and protein content. The varieties with the highest protein yields had a content of 23—27 per cent.

scholarly journals 'Endura' caucasian clover: progress towards commercial seed production

1996 ◽  
pp. 195-197
Author(s):  
B.R. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Seed Yields

A series of seed production trials was established at Kimihia Research Centre, Lincoln, Canterbury to investigate row spacing sowing date and sowing rate requirements for Endura, the hexaploid cultivar of caucasian clover. In 1991 a trial with 30 cm or 45 cm row spacings with a sowing rate of 8 kg/ha coated inoculated seed was used. Although there were no significant differences in the first year (101 kg/ha cf. 111 kg/ha), the 45 cm row spacing yielded significantly higher than the 30 cm row spacing, in the second year (709 kg/ha cf. 371 kg/ha). Wider rows produced more flowers per unit area - 448 m-2 for 45 cm compared with 288 for 30 cm. In 1992 a sowing rate trial was established using 2 kg or 6 kg/ha of coated and inoculated seed in 45 cm row spacings. The lower sowing rate treatment of 2 kg/ha produced a significantly higher seed yield, of 208 kg/ha. The effect of sowing date (December, January, February) on seed yields was investigated. All sowing date treatments were sown at 6 kg/ha in 45 cm rows. The highest seed yield of 126 kg/ha was from January sowing. Weed seed content in the field-dressed samples harvested was associated with sowing date and decreased with each progressive sowing. The results indicate a strong negative correlation between plant density and seed yield. With early sowing, weed control is vitally important for successful seed production. Keywords: row spacing, seed yield, sowing date, sowing rate, Trifolium ambiguum

THE SUCCESS OF THE LUCERNE MESSAGE IN MARLBOROUGH

1981 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
A.J. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

This paper, as well as being a testimonial to the benefit the writer has received from the Grassland Association, shows how the knowledge of scientists has been used to increase lucerne seed yields by methods of growing resistant cultivars especially for seed production as opposed to growing for hay, silage or grazing. It shows how new cultivars can be multiplied quickly by growing two crops in one year, one in each hemisphere, by using low seeding rates, wide plant spacing and very good weed control. Increased flowering of the crop has been achieved by the use of boron and the choice of time of closing; better pollination has been achieved by the use of more efficient bees - two varieties of which have been imported from North America. Weed and insect pest control and the use of a desiccant at harvest are contributing to a four-fold increase in seed yield, which should double again soon,

Increase Longleaf Pine Seed Yields by Inhibiting Conelet Abortion

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract A single foliar spray with either antiethylene compounds or cytokinins shortly after anthesis reduced conelet abortion by half and doubled seed production. Spraying with boric acid plus Cytex® , a relatively economical form of cytokinin derived from seaweed, was equally effective,and addition of certain antiethylene compounds further improved seed yield. South. J. Appl. For. 11(1):6-9.

scholarly journals Effect of Cultivars and Planting Date on Yield, Oil Content, and Fatty Acid Profile of Flax Varieties (Linum usitatissimumL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricel Andrea Gallardo ◽  
Héctor José Milisich ◽  
Silvina Rosa Drago ◽  
Rolando José González
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Seed Yields

In order to determine the effect of cultivars and planting date on flax fatty acid profile, seed yield, and oil content, an assay with seven cultivars (Baikal, Prointa Lucero, Prointa Ceibal, Panambí INTA, Curundú INTA, Carapé INTA, and Tape INTA) was carried out at Parana Agricultural Experimental Station, Argentina. Significant differences among cultivars were found for content of palmitic (5–7 g/100 g), stearic (5–8 g/100 g), linoleic (13–19 g/100 g), saturated (11–15 g/100 g), and unsaturated acids (92–96 g/100 g) within the seven cultivars. The best seed yields were observed in Prointa Lucero and Carapé INTA varieties (2091.50 kg·ha−1and 2183.34 kg·ha−1, respectively) in the first planting date and in Carapé INTA and Prointa Lucero (1667 kg·ha−1and 1886 kg·ha−1, respectively) in the second planting date. A delayed planting date had a negative effect on seed yield (1950 kg·ha−1and 1516 kg·ha−1) and oil content (845 kg·ha−1and 644 kg·ha−1) but did not affect oil composition.

Assessment of plant population on growth, fibre and seed yield of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in Ibadan western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
S.O. Olanipekun ◽  
A.O. Togun ◽  
S.A. Adejumo ◽  
O.N. Adeniyan ◽  
A.K. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Bast Fibre ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Fibre Yield ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Seed Yields

Kenaf is a multi-purpose crop with numerous industrial uses. Its production is constrained by poor cultural and agronomic practices which reduce yield. Inappropriate spacing among others could result in low yield. Effect of plant spacing on growth and yield of kenaf was investigated in Ibadan, Nigeria. Kenaf seed was sown (2 plants/stand) at three plant spacing: 50×15, 50×20, 50×25 cm was assessed for seed and bast fibre yields using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The analysis was done using statistical analysis system (SAS). Plant spacing differed significantly for bast fibre and seed yields. Highest bast fibre yield (0.9±0.03) and seed yield (0.5±0.01) were obtained at 50×20 cm and 50×25 cm spacing, respectively, while the lowest bast fibre yield (0.7±0.01) and seed yield (0.3±0.01) were obtained at 50×15 cm spacing. Spacing of 50 × 15 cm and 50 × 20 cm are appropriate when planting for fibre while 50 × 25cm is appropriate for seed production. Keywords: Kenaf, Spacing, Fibre and Seed yield.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fruit Positions on Fruit and Seed Yields of Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Y. Zubairu ◽  
J. A. Oladiran ◽  
O. A. Osunde ◽  
U. Ismaila
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Seed Yields

Study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the experimental field of Federal University of Technology, Minna (9o 401N and 6o 301E), in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to determine the effects of N fertilizer and the fruit positions on fruit and seed yield of okro. The treatment comprised factorial combination of five nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) and five fruit positions on a mother-plant (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10) which were replicated three times and laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results indicated that significant taller plants were recorded in the plots that received 120 kg N/ha while shorter plants were recorded in plots that received 0 N/ha in both years of the study. The higher N level of 120 kg/ha and lower fruit position of 3 significantly gave higher number of fruit yield while the yield decreased with decrease in N level and increase in fruit position on the mother-plant. Similarly, heavier fruits were recorded in lower fruit positions and higher N levels. The fruits formed at the lower position 3 and 5 produced more seeds with higher seed weight than those formed at the higher positions. The results also showed that significantly higher seed yield was recorded at N level of 120 kg/ha ?.

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