scholarly journals Transmission Characteristics of Wheat Yellow Striate Virus by its Leafhopper Vector Psammotettix alienus

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Du ◽  
Yumei Fu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Xifeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Indicator Plant ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Successful Transmission ◽  
Leafhopper Vector ◽  
Transmission Parameters ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Wheat yellow striate virus (WYSV), which is found in wheat fields of Northwest China and transmitted by leafhopper vector Psammotettix alienus, is a tentative new species in the genus Nucleorhabdovirus. Although the insect vector and host range of WYSV have been characterized, many aspects of the acquisition and transmission processes by its insect vector have not been elucidated. Here, the transmission parameters of WYSV by P. alienus were determined using wheat cv. Yangmai 12 as the indicator plant under a controlled temperature (23 ± 1°C) and photoperiod (16 h of light). The results showed that the minimum periods for acquisition were 5 min and 10 min for inoculation access. The latent period for successful transmission was most commonly 16 to 20 days (minimum, 10 days; maximum, 22 days). The quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR results indicated that the WYSV titer increased with time after acquisition, suggesting that WYSV can replicate in P. alienus. Notably, female P. alienus transovarially transmitted the virus to next generations at relatively high efficiency. Electron microscopy of the WYSV-infected leafhopper revealed bacilliform particles aggregated in the cytoplasm of the salivary gland and midgut tissues. Our present studies suggested that acquisition and transmission of WYSV by P. alienus is consistent with a propagative, circulative, and persistent mode of transmission. Details regarding transmission competencies and distribution of WYSV in P. alienus will provide a basis for designing preventive measures.

Knowledge and awareness about MERS-CoV among the dental students in Chennai

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 847-851
Author(s):  
Nithyanandham Masilamani ◽  
Dhanraj Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) induced by new ß coronavirus MERS-(CoV) had first been described in Saudi Arabia in September 2012. MERS-CoV communication inside the population is often identified with clustered households and cramped communal spaces. The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV among dental students in India. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of 100 dental college students in Chennai. The self-designed questionnaires contained ten questions focused on the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV amongst dental college students. Questionnaires were circulated through an online website survey planet. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data were collected and analyzed, .87% are aware of MERS-CoV through media 13% from professional channels. 84%are aware of the clinical manifestation of MERS-CoV. 81%Are aware of the mode of transmission of MERS-CoV. 76%are aware of the preventive measures against MERS -CoV.68%. Are aware of the incubation period of MERS-CoV. 74%aware of PCR as a diagnostic test for MERS-CoV. This study concluded that dental students had strong awareness and knowledge of MERS. Also, there are a few differences in information and behaviours that require change. Large-scale health educational programs on MERS also should be facilitated by professional organizations to expand their reach and to strengthen knowledge to have a positive impact on their behaviour.

Schistosomiasis in Children in the Philippines: Beyond Health Issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
Mario Torres ◽  
Hazel Luyon-Tabo ◽  
Steven Salibay ◽  
Cristina Cabanacan-Salibay
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis article aims to discuss the issues about Schistosoma japonicum infection in the Philippines based on the research findings of previous studies. This includes reviews about the nature of schistosomiasis, with emphasis on its effects on children. The review also discusses the mode of transmission of the parasite, etiology, and epidemiology, and relates these factors to the persistence of S. japonicum as a major health problem in the Philippines. The efforts, preventive measures, and recommended actions of the government are also mentioned and have been taken into consideration in strengthening the eradication measures against S. japonicum. This review further analyzes the risk factors associated with the infected individuals. Some measures and practices that may contribute to the prevention of S. japonicum infection are highlighted.

Theoretical Study on the Influence of Transmission Parameters on the Transmission Performance of Magnetic Resonance Wireless Power Transmission Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 434-439
Author(s):  
Chang Sheng Li ◽  
Juan Cao ◽  
He Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Transmission Performance ◽  
Wireless Power Transmission ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Transmission Parameters

Magnetic resonance wireless power transmission technology is based on the phenomenon of resonant coupling to realize non-contact power transmission via near magnetic field. Based on the mutual coupling model of resonance system, the influence laws of system transmission parameters, such as coil coupling coefficients, load resistance, etc., on the transmission performance are theoretically studied in this paper. The research results shows that the power high-efficiency and high-quality transmission does not depend on the large coil loop coupling coefficient and the working frequencies of maximum power and maximum efficiency transmission do not coincide at most condition. Transmission systems with a high resonance frequency can produce high power and efficiency transmission over short distances. In addition, by increasing the coil diameter or wire diameter can improve the system quality factor, and optimize the energy transmission performance.

Preventive Measures for COVID - 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1902-1904
Author(s):  
Lavi Arya
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
First Case ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Sudden Outburst ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Day By Day

COVID-19 sudden outburst is declared as a serious public medical health issue worldwide by WHO, in March 2020. The first case of COVID-19 was seen officially in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. It’s a pandemic to which all the countries has to take action in the detection of the infection and prevention of it’s spread. Despite global efforts to contain the disease spread, the outbreak is still on the rise because of the community spread pattern of this infection. Earlier the mode of transmission of the virus was seen in animal to person but now the transmission is from person to person through respiratory droplet infection the confirmed case is seen in many countries and are increasing day by day Fever, cough and cold, difficulty in breathing, tiredness can be seen in the patients suffering. The virus is affecting our health, economy, social life. Till the time we don’t have any medication at least we should try to prevent the spread of the virus. The points which can help in the prevention of the spread of the virus in the community are maintaining of hand sanitation, social distancing, Avoiding person to person contact and Quarantine. Increase in a number of testing, detecting COVID-19 positive patients will also help to reduce the spread of virus and secondary cases with strict quarantine rules.

scholarly journals Transmission characteristics of allexiviruses by the eriophyid mite, Aceria tulipae (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) from naturally mixed infected garlic (Allium sativum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten Mansouri ◽  
Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler ◽  
Mariusz Lewandowski ◽  
Pavel Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Eriophyid Mite ◽  
Access Period ◽  
Aceria Tulipae ◽  
Inoculation Access Period ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Abstract The transmission characteristics of members of the genus Allexivirus to leek (Allium porrum L.) by its eriophyid mite vector, Aceria tulipae (Keifer), were studied. Prior to conducting transmission tests, colonies of nonviruliferous A. tulipae were established on healthy leek seedlings. A single A. tulipae transmitted the viruses with up to 50 % efficiency but transmission efficiency increased when > 10 mites per plant were used. Allexiviruses were acquired by A. tulipae after a minimum acquisition access period (AAP) of 30 minutes, whereas transmission tests suggest that a one hour inoculation access period (IAP) was needed for successful transmission. Allexiviruses were transmitted from garlic to leek plants by A. tulipae and mixed infections by more than one virus were observed. ShVX, GarV-A, -C, -D, and -B were detected in most inoculated plants, whereas other members of the genus (GarV-E, -X, and GarMbFV) were found only occasionally. None of the mites that originated from eggs deposited on infected plants transmitted allexiviruses, indicating that the viruses are not transmitted transovarially. No latent period was demonstrated. Taken together, these data suggest a semipersistent mode of transmission of Allexivirus members by A. tulipae. The output of this study will assist in the better management of the vector and the associated diseases.

Effective application of Quercetin as a maintenance therapy for complete denture in patients with type ii diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4 (72)) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Maksymiv
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Enteral Administration ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

The efficacy of using Quercetin as maintenance therapy in complete dentures for prevention of inflammatory and degenerative disorders. High efficiency of the proposed preventive measures concerning the preparation of the mucous membrane in patients with diabetes type ІІ has been approved. Application of Quercetin combined in enteral and topical manner (application on the tissue of the prosthetic bed) significantly reduces the clinical manifestations of inflammation, leading to the restoration of the balance of oxidant-antioxidation system and, on the effectiveness of the above conventional enteral administration. Given the fact that the effect of therapeutic measures is unstable and get reduced by some values within 6 months after the treatment twice a year, the patients in this category are indicated repeated courses.

scholarly journals Transmission of Sorghum Stunt Mosaic Rhabdovirus by the Leafhopper Vector, Graminella sonora (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Creamer ◽  
X. He ◽  
W. E. Styer
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Peregrinus Maidis ◽  
Leafhopper Vector ◽  
Transmission Parameters ◽  
Graminella Nigrifrons ◽  
Inoculation Access Period ◽  
Das Elisa

The transmission parameters of sorghum stunt mosaic rhabdovirus (SSMV) by the leafhopper Graminella sonora were determined. The minimum acquisition and inoculation times were 6 and 1 h, respectively, while 100% transmission was obtained from a 48-h acquisition access or a 24-h inoculation access period. Transmission efficiency was highest at temperatures of 24 to 36°C. The minimum latent period prior to transmission was 9 days at 30°C, with an 11-day incubation period necessary for 100% transmission. After a 14-day incubation period at 16°C, no transmission was obtained; however, doubling the incubation period to 28 days gave high levels of transmission. Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) of individual leafhoppers held at 16°C for a 14-day incubation period detected no virus in leafhoppers, whereas over 50% of the leafhoppers had detectable virus after a 28-day incubation period. Graminella nigrifrons and Peregrinus maidis were not able to transmit SSMV.

scholarly journals Knowledge of COVID-19 and Death Toll Cases in Manipur

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
H. Sorojini Devi ◽  
K. Somarani Devi ◽  
Th. Kanon Devi ◽  
Ak. Bojen Meetei
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
The Status ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The disease Covid-19 has led to a great loss of million people worldwide and this disease is caused by a novel virus called SARS-CoV-2. Objective: The objective of the present study aims at examining the knowledge of Coronavirus disease (COVID -19) among the participants and the death toll cases in Manipur. Setting: The study was conducted in the campuses of Dhanamanjuri Colleges of Arts, Science and Commerce, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal, Manipur. Subjects and Methods: A total of 200 participants (boys=110 and girls =90) aged 20-30 years was considered for this present study. Data were collected using interview schedule containing Covid -19 related variables. Design: The design of the present study is based on Cross-sectional method. Results: Results indicated that maximum participants (83.5%) considered Covid-19 as virus, 1.0% thought as bacteria, but 15.5% knew that Covid -19 is a disease. A very high percentage of students (95.5%) knew the various symptoms of the disease. Amongst them, 92.5% of participants also knew the mode of transmission of the novel Virus. However, 4.5% and 8.5% of them had incomplete knowledge about of the mysterious novel coronavirus disease symptoms and its mode of transmission. While maintaining the preventive measures, 10.5% of participants used masks irregularly in the public places. As well as, only 34.0% of respondents kept masks inside the pocket or bag, and 5.5% of the subjects didn’t have the idea of washing hands or sanitisation.  It was also found among the participants that some of them (30.0%) were aware of testing to know the status of Covid-19 and the number of confirmed cases was 8.0%.  From the above results, it may be said that there was lack of proper knowledge among some section of the participants. The lack of proper knowledge of any novel fatal disease or virus and its related preventive measures are major risks to the whole public. However, immune responds can play role in defending the risk of the disease.

scholarly journals Insights Into Insect Vector Transmission and Epidemiology of Plant-Infecting Fijiviruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Nan Wu ◽  
Yingdang Ren ◽  
Xifeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
System Research ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Vector Insect ◽  
Efficient Transmission

Viruses in genus Fijivirus (family Reoviridae) have caused serious damage to rice, maize and sugarcane in American, Asian, European and Oceanian countries, where seven plant-infecting and two insect-specific viruses have been reported. Because the planthopper vectors are the only means of virus spread in nature, their migration and efficient transmission of these viruses among different crops or gramineous weeds in a persistent propagative manner are obligatory for virus epidemics. Understanding the mechanisms of virus transmission by these insect vectors is thus key for managing the spread of virus. This review describes current understandings of main fijiviruses and their insect vectors, transmission characteristics, effects of viruses on the behavior and physiology of vector insects, molecular transmission mechanisms. The relationships among transmission, virus epidemics and management are also discussed. To better understand fijivirus-plant disease system, research needs to focus on the complex interactions among the virus, insect vector, insect microbes, and plants.

scholarly journals Dynamics and Development of the COVID-19 Epidemic in the United States: A Compartmental Model Enhanced With Deep Learning Techniques

10.2196/21173 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. e21173
Author(s):  
Qi Deng
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Compartmental Models ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Parameters ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Stochastic Parameters ◽  
The Us ◽  
Further Development

Background Compartmental models dominate epidemic modeling. Transmission parameters between compartments are typically estimated through stochastic parameterization processes that depends on detailed statistics of transmission characteristics, which are economically and resource-wise expensive to collect. Objective We aim to apply deep learning techniques as a lower data dependency alternative to estimate transmission parameters of a customized compartmental model, for the purpose of simulating the dynamics of the US coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic and projecting its further development. Methods We constructed a compartmental model and developed a multistep deep learning methodology to estimate the model’s transmission parameters. We then fed the estimated transmission parameters to the model to predict development of the US COVID-19 epidemic for 35 and 42 days. Epidemics are considered suppressed when the basic reproduction number (R0) is less than 1. Results The deep learning–enhanced compartmental model predicts that R0 will fall to <1 around August 17-19, 2020, at which point the epidemic will effectively start to die out, and that the US “infected” population will peak around August 16-18, 2020, at 3,228,574 to 3,308,911 individual cases. The model also predicted that the number of accumulative confirmed cases will cross the 5 million mark around August 7, 2020. Conclusions Current compartmental models require stochastic parameterization to estimate the transmission parameters. These models’ effectiveness depends upon detailed statistics on transmission characteristics. As an alternative, deep learning techniques are effective in estimating these stochastic parameters with greatly reduced dependency on data particularity.

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