Revealing and identification of isoniazid metabolites in beef meat in case of poisoning of service dogs

Relevance. Every year, dog breeders are faced with the problem of acute poisoning of dogs. Various toxic compounds can be the cause of dog poisoning. The huge variety of potentially toxic substances makes it difficult to identify the source of poisoning. Service dog breeding also faces this problem, as a result of which it is necessary to have information about the possibility of poisoning service dogs, as well as methods for detecting toxic substances and preventing further poisoning. In service dog breeding, they mainly use feed made by cooking gruel soup in boilers in the feed kitchens of nurseries. Due to the fact that there were cases of poisoning of service dogs in the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region, we conducted research to identify toxic compounds in beef from which feed was made in the feed kitchens of nurseries.Methods. The studies were carried out at the Institute of Toxicology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency using an Acguity UPLC I-class ultra-performance liquid chromatograph with a spectrophotometric detecto and an Acguity UPLC H-class ultraperformance liquid chromatograph with a Xevo TQD tandem mass spectrometer. Sample components were identified by electronic spectra and mass numbers.Results. According to the results of the study, the presence of isoniazid metabolic products in the form of isonicatinic acid, as well as conjugates of isoniazid with sulfuric, acetic and glucuronic acids, was found in beef meat.The obtained results of the study of the chromatographic profiles of aqueous extracts and the chemical identification of their components in the products that are used for the preparation of food for service dogs make it possible to accurately determine and identify toxic substances with a wide variety of them. Thus, in order to prevent the loss of service dogs, it is necessary to control the newly received food and feed in order to prevent poisoning.

Advancing Genetic Selection and Behavioral Genomics of Working Dogs Through Collaborative Science

The ancient partnership between people and dogs is struggling to meet modern day needs, with demand exceeding our capacity to safely breed high-performing and healthy dogs. New statistical genetic approaches and genomic technology have the potential to revolutionize dog breeding, by transitioning from problematic phenotypic selection to methods that can preserve genetic diversity while increasing the proportion of successful dogs. To fully utilize this technology will require ultra large datasets, with hundreds of thousands of dogs. Today, dog breeders struggle to apply even the tools available now, stymied by the need for sophisticated data storage infrastructure and expertise in statistical genetics. Here, we review recent advances in animal breeding, and how a new approach to dog breeding would address the needs of working dog breeders today while also providing them with a path to realizing the next generation of technology. We provide a step-by-step guide for dog breeders to start implementing estimated breeding value selection in their programs now, and we describe how genotyping and DNA sequencing data, as it becomes more widely available, can be integrated into this approach. Finally, we call for data sharing among dog breeding programs as a path to achieving a future that can benefit all dogs, and their human partners too.

DNA polymorphism of dogs (Canis familiaris L.). III. VNTR- and STR-loci. Their use in dog breeding and in criminalistics.

The application of mini- and microsatellite polymorphisms of dog DNA, also referred to as VNTR- and STR-loci, respectively, in dog breeding and criminalistics is considered. Their use in dog breeding is shown to clarify pedigrees, establish paternity and purebred, as well as to differentiate breeds mainly in the form of microsatellite DNA polymorphism. In criminalistics, dogs can be both participants in crime scenes in the form of attacks on humans or pets, and some witnesses through whose DNA extracted from their fur or feces, by DNA identification of a particular dog, it may be help to get out to the perpetrator or at least to the crime scene, which is also a good help in its disclosure. At the same time, population studies of dogs, during which the prevalence of certain alleles of marker traits in the form of STR loci in different territories is established, contribute to making the right decisions. The databases on STR-polymorphism of dog DNA or their prototypes are briefly described. Attention is paid to the sources of forensic canine DNA, as well as methods of its extraction and preliminary evaluation of isolated preparations. The use of VNTR polymorphism was rather short-lived, and was quickly replaced by STR polymorphism. There are some trends in the introduction of new polymorphic traits in this area in the form of single-nucleotide polymorphism or SNPs, potentially providing more accurate information, including for DNA identification of individuals. The issues of universal DNA certification of dogs are discussed, which can contribute to improving the culture of keeping dogs and will allow the elimination of stray dogs in the future, which will be humanistic character and potentially reduce the number of aggressor dogs.

Elimination of chlamydia in the service dog breeding nursery of the FPS of Russia Main Department in the Sverdlovsk Region

The article studies the elimination of chlamydia in the service dog breeding nursery Federal Budget Institution KP-66 of the FPS of Russia Main Department in the Sverdlovsk Region. The subject of the research is service breeding dogs and puppies kept in a breeding nursery of service dogs. The aim of the research is to develop the most rational treatment regime for chlamydia in dogs. The methodological basis of the research was formed by statistical and pathomorphological methods and diagnostics by the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As a result of the studies, the most optimal treatment scheme for chlamydia in service dogs was selected. The data given in the article will have a positive effect on the epizootic situation in the institutions of the penal system. Conclusions have been made on the need to conduct annual studies of pedigree dogs, as well as service dogs accepted for service in penal institutions, for chlamydia, mycoplasmosis and brucellosis, and, if necessary, for other infections. Key words: chlamydia of dogs, veterinary service of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, infectious diseases of service dogs.

Origin of official cynology (initial stages of emergence and development of dog breeding)

The article describes the first stages of the origin of cynology in the history of society. Cynological activity has quite ancient roots, the dog is the first animal to be domesticated by man. The purpose of domestication was the need to use the dog's abilities to their advantage. The primary benefits were during hunting and housing protection, later dogs began to be used during hostilities and as sled dogs. Over time, the forms of use of dogs in official activities have changed significantly, they began to be used in police activities, during rescue operations, for sabotage and others. In ancient times, the use of service dogs mostly took place on the hunt. Hunting dogs became widespread in the Middle Ages. Hunting with a dog is initially a privilege of the nobility, but later dogs become an integral attribute of hunters. The article attempts to analyze the process of origin of cynology as a separate branch of science, which can be considered the origin of service cynology in particular. Emphasis is placed on the fact that to this day it is impossible to reliably determine the beginning of the initial stage of cynology development. This is due to the fact that in different parts of the world cynology was born spontaneously and the processes of dog breeding took place almost separately. Methods, forms and methods of using dogs in one or another type of official activity in prehistoric and ancient times are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the main methods of using dogs, which have not lost their relevance and are now a guard service, as well as assistance in hunting. The conditional criterion of distribution of all period of origin and development of cynology on stages is offered.

A methodological proposal for the estimation of the Standard Output of dog breeding. A study case from Italy

In countries with a post-industrial economy, where agriculture evolves towards rural development, canine breeding can be a good opportunity to integrate agricultural income. Despite this and despite being an agricultural activity in all respects, cynophilia is not contemplated among the productive activities for which the calculation of Standard Output is envisaged, an economic variable set by the EU to measure the economic size of farms aimed at the granting of aid. Considering the inconvenience that this causes to canine breeders, the present contribution proposes a methodology for estimating the variable under examination consistent with the community legislation and based on a method of breeding that meets theprinciples of animal welfare. As dog breeding is not intended for production of food or other material goods other than puppies, its production cycle is not suitable for a subdivision based on homogeneous categories of age or weight, as occurs in traditional farms. The consistency with the community legislation, which is realized in the quantification of the annual production of the breeding, has therefore been obtained by means of the financial discounting of the costs and revenues obtainable throughout the entire production cycle and in calculation of their annual share. The compliance of the breeding technique with the principles of animal well-being, on the other hand, stems from compliance with the rules laid down in the Ethical code of the breeder of dogs prepared by Enci – Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana (Italian National Body for Cynophilia). The data needed to estimate the costs and revenues associated with dog breeding are almost completely available online and the results obtained are congruous and very interesting.

THE MAKING OF A NEW RACE IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY IMPERIAL IMAGINARY

This article contends that understandings of race and practices of racial differentiation underwent a significant epistemological shift around the first decades of the twentieth century. It reaches this conclusion via consideration of a dog breeding programme conducted by the statistician and hereditarian theorist Karl Pearson. In 1913, Pearson proclaimed that he, along with his collaborators Edward Nettleship and Charles Usher, had created a ‘new race’ of dog. Notable for its complete absence of hair pigmentation, this race appeared to demonstrate the potential that experimental animal breeding had for imperial policy-making. In differentiating his dogs from the Pekingese spaniels from which they had been produced, Pearson sought to show that ‘foreign’ animals could be made to approximate British racial standards. In Pearson's wake, animal breeding became an increasingly persuasive means by which scientists sought to legitimate racial contentions. By the 1920s, established anthropocentric approaches to human differentiation had begun to be replaced by new, animal-centred techniques and practices. Whereas nineteenth-century conceptions of race had primarily been articulated in relation to the study of human bodies, in the new race of the twentieth century, differentiation would involve study of and experimentation with bodies of all kinds – animal and human.