scholarly journals A methodological proposal for the estimation of the Standard Output of dog breeding. A study case from Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Franco Mari
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Breeding Technique ◽  
National Body ◽  
Standard Output ◽  
Dog Breeding

In countries with a post-industrial economy, where agriculture evolves towards rural development, canine breeding can be a good opportunity to integrate agricultural income. Despite this and despite being an agricultural activity in all respects, cynophilia is not contemplated among the productive activities for which the calculation of Standard Output is envisaged, an economic variable set by the EU to measure the economic size of farms aimed at the granting of aid. Considering the inconvenience that this causes to canine breeders, the present contribution proposes a methodology for estimating the variable under examination consistent with the community legislation and based on a method of breeding that meets theprinciples of animal welfare. As dog breeding is not intended for production of food or other material goods other than puppies, its production cycle is not suitable for a subdivision based on homogeneous categories of age or weight, as occurs in traditional farms. The consistency with the community legislation, which is realized in the quantification of the annual production of the breeding, has therefore been obtained by means of the financial discounting of the costs and revenues obtainable throughout the entire production cycle and in calculation of their annual share. The compliance of the breeding technique with the principles of animal well-being, on the other hand, stems from compliance with the rules laid down in the Ethical code of the breeder of dogs prepared by Enci – Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana (Italian National Body for Cynophilia). The data needed to estimate the costs and revenues associated with dog breeding are almost completely available online and the results obtained are congruous and very interesting.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Models of Farms in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4772
Author(s):  
Hanna Klikocka ◽  
Aneta Zakrzewska ◽  
Piotr Chojnacki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Standard Output ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

The article describes and sets the definition of different farm models under the categories of being family, small, and large-scale commercial farms. The distinction was based on the structure of the workforce and the relationship between agricultural income and the minimum wage. Family farms were dominated by the farming family providing the labour and their income per capita exceeded the net minimum wage in the country. The larger commercial farms feature a predominance of hired labour. Based on surveys, it was found that in 2016 in the EU-28 there were 10,467,000 farms (EU-13—57.3%, EU-15—42.7%). They carried out agricultural activities on an area of 173,338,000 ha (EU-13—28.5%, EU-15—71.5%). Countries of the EU-28 generated a standard output (SO) amounting to EUR 364,118,827,100 (EU-13—17.2% and EU-15—82.8%). After the delimitation, it was shown that small farming (70.8%) was the predominant form of management in the European Union (EU-13—88.2% and EU-15—79.8%) compared to family farming (18.4%) (EU-13—10.5% and EU-15—29%). In most EU countries the largest share of land resources pertains to small farms (35.6%) and family farms (38.6%) (UAA—utilised agricultural area of farms).

scholarly journals Cycle-oriented approach to building a model of production costs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00124
Author(s):  
Elena P. Polikarpova ◽  
Igor E. Mizikovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Cost Management ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Oriented Approach

Modern science and practice does not have a sufficient set of cost management tools, taking into account the duration of the production cycle, characteristic of agricultural activity. The implementation of a cycle-oriented approach to building a model of production costs was based on studying the existing options for classifying production costs, which were supplemented with features from the perspective of managing long production cycles. As a result of the study, a model of production costs was built from the point of view of a cycle-oriented approach, as well as a model of production costs from the standpoint of features of a long production cycle. The model can serve as the basis for the formation of the information space of cost management, control and cost analysis in the economy of agricultural enterprises.

Zasady opodatkowania dochodów i obrotów ze sprzedaży produktów wytwarzanych w gospodarstwach rolnych

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (69) ◽  
pp. 189-215
Author(s):  
Jacek Kulicki
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Agricultural Income

The analysis of the applicable regulations leads to the conclusion that the system of taxation of farmers’ income is complex. The author points out different definitions of agricultural activity for the purposes of income tax and value added tax. The legislator makes the classification of agricultural income among individual sources of income for the purposes of personal income tax dependent on whether they are processed or unprocessed products and on the method of their processing. The differences in the treatment of farmers’ revenues for the purposes of income tax overlap with the tax obligations with regard to value added tax and excise tax.

Healthy Avatars, Healthy People

2017 ◽  
pp. 247-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Triberti ◽  
Alice Chirico
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Engagement Interventions ◽  
Vicarious Reinforcement ◽  
The Individual

Recent literature shows that new technologies can be used to promote patient engagement. The present contribution focuses on Virtual Worlds (VWs), namely virtual environments that multiple users can experience together thanks to the use of avatars. Indeed, VWs offer interesting opportunities for patient engagement interventions on two levels. On the individual level, customized avatars are known to have relationships with users' inner experience and Self-conception, so that they may constitute a peculiar additional tool for psychological assessment. Moreover, they are able to promote healthy behaviors thanks to a strong vicarious reinforcement (Proteus effect). On the collective level, VWs constitute an ideal platform to support the emergence of collective flow states (Networked Flow) which are related to the patients' creative activity and well-being. The present contribution deepens these phenomena, presenting VWs as an innovative and interesting tool for the patient engagement interventions of the future.

scholarly journals Features of the migration process of peasants in the cities of modern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Lili Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
And Migration

The purpose of the article is to study the process of migration of peasants to the cities of modern China. As a result of the economic reform and the increase in the material well-being of the Chinese, the mobility of the country’s population has increased significantly. By its nature, migration in China is divided into permanent, seasonal and temporary (of two types — “pendulum” and “shuttle”). In terms of directions, migration in China is divided into migration from a village to a city, migration from a suburb to a city, and migration from one city to another city. An example of “pendulum” and “shuttle” (up to three months) migration can be the movement of workers freed from the agricultural sector in search of other forms and options for agricultural activity.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Farm Succession and Occupational Choices of Nominated Farm Successors in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1203
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abid Shahzad ◽  
Syed Abubakr ◽  
Christian Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Occupational Choices ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Logit Regression Model ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

Mountain farming communities in Pakistan are exhibiting an increased rate of rural-to-urban migration and a rapid growth in the non-farm sector, which has threatened the sustenance of agricultural activity. This study examined the determinants of farm succession using a logit regression model and employed a multinomial logit regression model to study the factors influencing the future occupational choices of the potential farm successors. The study was based on quantitative survey data obtained from 421 farm managers and 155 potential farm successors and qualitative data from 12 key informants from two different districts in Gilgit-Baltistan. The survey results show that around 67% of the farmers had a potential successor. Farm succession was mainly explained by farmer characteristics (e.g., farmer age, gender and education), farm characteristics (e.g., farm size, specialization in horticulture, etc.) and agricultural income. Regarding the occupational choices, part-time farming (66%) was the most commonly reported choice. The results indicate that it was mainly farm successors’ personal characteristics (such as age, education and marital status) and agricultural income that led to the choices “undecided” and “exit”, whilst farm characteristics (e.g., farm size) and the main farm operators’ non-farm activity were significantly associated with the choice “part-time”. Policies aimed at improving the local income situation and investments in skill-building and infrastructure development can assist in farm sustenance.

scholarly journals Understanding Stakeholders’ Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception of Conservation Programs in South Carolina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Carl Ureta ◽  
Marzieh Motallebi ◽  
Lori Dickes ◽  
Lucas Clay ◽  
Joan Ureta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Conservation Programs ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
The Public

The increasing population and economic growth of South Carolina make it attractive for landowners to convert their land to commercial and urbanized zones. However, since ecosystems are directly affected by land use, changes in these land uses directly impact the ecosystem services (ES). Therefore, efforts to conserve ecosystems are paramount and are often supported through conservation-incentive programs. One approach for conservation programs is to provide economic incentives for landowners to retain their land as forest or agricultural land. The success of these programs eventually affects the ES recipients or “end-users,” particularly the residents. Therefore, it is important to understand the stakeholders’ perceptions toward these programs. Understanding the landowners’ perception can provide information on how to engage them to join the conservation programs. Furthermore, knowing the residents’ perception could improve the “buy-in” or support from the public for promoting conservation within the community. The stakeholders’ perception can serve as a feedback mechanism and could provide key information for improving implementation strategies for conservation programs. This study elicited the knowledge, awareness, and perception of South Carolina residents and landowners to conservation programs. Results show that while a majority are not aware of the conservation programs being implemented in the state, there is no doubt that residents and landowners know the importance of conservation and how it affects their well-being. However, since many conservation concepts use technical terminology, stakeholders have increased difficulty grasping these concepts. This poses a challenge for academics and conservation agencies to improve communication methods and better impart conservation messaging. The results also show that residents are willing to support the conservation programs; landowners are willing to participate in conservation activities, especially if they are compensated. Therefore, this emphasizes a good opportunity to establish stakeholder-driven strategies such as sustainable financing mechanisms for conservation programs.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TINGKAT CEMARAN LOGAM TEMBAGA DAN TINGKAT PENDAPATAN USAHATANI SAYURAN DI KEBUN KARTAMA DAN KEBUN KOMPPOS – EM KOTA PEKANBARU

1930 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Shally Yanova ◽  
Zulkarnaini ◽  
Sofia Anita
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Director General ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The study was done in August to September 2015 and located in the Kartama Garden (PSN) on Kartama street Marpoyan Damai district area and KOMPPOS – EM garden (PSO) at the University of Riau, Pekanbaru. The purpose of this research is determining metal Cu (copper) in vegetable (mustard, convolvulus and lettuce) and soil, determining the rate of pollution metal Cu, analyzing the use of fertilizer and pesticide synthetic levels of metal Cu in a sample and analyzing the impact of agricultural income activity for farmers. Based on the research, levels of metal Cu in vegetables and soil PSN had passed of quality standard Director General POM RI namely 5,0 mg/kg and categorized polluted metal Cu. While sample vegetable KOMPPOS - EM garden (PSO) is still under environmental quality category and including contaminated. Using fertilizer and pesticide synthetic and continuing to exceed doses constantly affects levels of metal Cu in a sample of vegetables and soil significantly. Economically, PSN and PSO farming is agricultural activity that can give advantages for farmers.

Healthy Avatars, Healthy People

2017 ◽  
pp. 1147-1168
Author(s):  
Stefano Triberti ◽  
Alice Chirico
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Engagement Interventions ◽  
Vicarious Reinforcement ◽  
The Individual

Recent literature shows that new technologies can be used to promote patient engagement. The present contribution focuses on Virtual Worlds (VWs), namely virtual environments that multiple users can experience together thanks to the use of avatars. Indeed, VWs offer interesting opportunities for patient engagement interventions on two levels. On the individual level, customized avatars are known to have relationships with users' inner experience and Self-conception, so that they may constitute a peculiar additional tool for psychological assessment. Moreover, they are able to promote healthy behaviors thanks to a strong vicarious reinforcement (Proteus effect). On the collective level, VWs constitute an ideal platform to support the emergence of collective flow states (Networked Flow) which are related to the patients' creative activity and well-being. The present contribution deepens these phenomena, presenting VWs as an innovative and interesting tool for the patient engagement interventions of the future.

Water and Agriculture in Nineteenth-century Tamilnad

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRASANNAN PARTHASARATHI
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
South India ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

AbstractWith a focus by scholars on states and classes, the environment of India and its impact on agriculture has been neglected, except to provide a context—which was largely unchanging—in which states extracted and classes struggled. One example of environment as the backdrop is the distinction between ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ areas in Tamilnad and South India more widely. This distinction is based on the availability of water and on the local categorization of agricultural activity (nanjai versus punjai). There are two problems with this approach, however. First, it is a narrow treatment of the environment as it neglects other features of the land such as forests, grasslands, scrublands, and other so-called wasteland. Second, it sees the environment as a fixed entity, but the landscape has changed dramatically in the past, especially in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. If changes in the environment are included in the mix, the development of agriculture in nineteenth-century Tamilnad may be seen in some new ways. Agricultural production existed in symbiosis with the complex and varied environment of the region. In the early nineteenth century Tamilnad contained extensive tracts of forests, widespread wastelands, and abundant surface water. This diverse environment made it possible to maintain high levels of agricultural productivity as it provided the resources to maintain the fertility of the soil and the supplies of water that were critical for agricultural enterprise, as well as the well-being of the rural population. The consequences of changing regimes of water is the focus of this article.

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