A clinico-epidemiological profile study of venereal genital dermatoses in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria: A 5-year review

Venereal genital dermatoses are cutaneous morbidities contracted and transmitted by sexual contact. They are caused by microorganisms that survive on the skin or mucous membranes, or that are transmitted via semen, vaginal secretions, or blood during sexual intercourse. Data on pattern of presentation and diagnoses of venereal genial dermatoses are limited in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of presentation of venereal genital dermatoses over a 5-year period in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Information extracted from patients’ medical records included socio-demographic data, duration of symptom, distribution of lesions, symptomatology and diagnoses of the venereal genital dermatoses. There were 121 patients with venereal genital dermatoses amongst 1600 new cases seen over the 5-year period constituting a prevalence of 7.6%. The male:female ratio of the study population was 1.5:1 and their mean age was 26.2 ± 10.5 years. The predominant symptoms at presentation were abnormal genital growth in 108 (89.3%), genital ulcer in 12 (9.9%), and genital pain in 11 (9.1%). The common venereal genital dermatoses were anogenital warts in 108 (89.3%) and genital herpes in 11 (9.1%). Venereal genital dermatoses are a relatively common dermatological presentation in UBTH and anogenital wart was the most common type. Venereal genital dermatoses were more common in the young age group and males. The most predominant site of affectation was the vulva in females and penis in males.

Gynaecological Morbidity in Girls in Moscow Region Within the Context of the Preventive Vaccination Against Papilloma Viral Infection

Study Objective: To assess gynaecological morbidity in girls aged 10 to 17 years old over a 12-year period of the program for vaccination prevention of HPV-associated diseases in Moscow region; and to compare the data on vaccinated regions with the information on the regions where no human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination was undertaken. Study Design: retrospective study. Materials and Methods. We used the information from annual statistical reports prepared by children gynaecologists and Moscow regional Medical Information and Analytical Centre. Gynaecological morbidity was analysed for the period from 2008 to 2019; it involved assessment of the prevalence of HPV-associated diseases — anogenital warts, pelvic inflammations, precancer cervical lesions, menstrual disorders. We have also analysed the number of pregnancies and outcomes in adolescents. Study Results. Since the program was launched, there has been a steady reduction in the number of anogenital wart cases in girls in Moscow region where vaccination was undertaken: from 14.2 to 1.8 per 100k in 2008 and 2019, respectively. Genital inflammations were more frequent (not statistically significantly, though) in areas where preventive vaccination was not performed. Over the previous 10 years, we have seen a more marked increase in the number of genital inflammations in girls of 10–17 years old vs. areas where girls were vaccinated. Due awareness promotion during vaccination, over the 12-year period the number of adolescent pregnancies dropped from 697 to 127, while pregnancy terminations reduced from 38.9% to 21.4%. Conclusion. HPV vaccination campaign among adolescents in Moscow region resulted in reduced prevalence of anogenital warts and a positive trend in the reduction of cervical cancer prevalence in young women of 15–24 years old. Gynaecological morbidity rates were not statically different in analysed areas; thus, HPV vaccination does not have any negative impact on the reproductive health of girls. Keywords: gynaecological morbidity, reproductive health, papilloma virus infection prevention, vaccination, anogenital warts, human papilloma virus.

Gender Differences in Sociademographic Characteristics and Risk Factors Among Condyloma Acuminata Patients in DR. Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta

Condyloma acuminata (CA) known as anogenital wart is the most frequent sexually transmitted infection worldwide. This highly infectious disease is caused by the human papilloma virus, whose its high reccurence rates contribute to direct medical costs, productivity loss and increased psychosocial impact. Thus, the prevention of this viral disease is more important than focusing on its treatment. This cross sectional retrospective study assesed the gender differences in sociodemographic characteristics and sexual risk factors of CA patients. There were 94 newly diagnosed CA patients, 47 males (50%) and 47 females (50%) during the period of January 2013- December 2017. The demographic data were taken from medical record and the additional data about the risk factors were from the questionnaires. Chi-square test was performed to compare between genders and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was significant difference between genders on all sociodemographic characteristics (age, occupation, education, marrital status) and risk factors (HIV/AIDS infection, condom using, age at the first sexual intercourse, number of lifetime sexual partner, type of intercourse) among CA patients. Our study revealed that male CA patients were mostly single, employed and multipartner, while CA female patients were mostly married, housewives and singlepartners.

Randomised controlled trial of 1% and 5% 5-fluorouracil creams compared with 90% trichloroacetic acid solution for anogenital wart treatment

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1% and 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) creams compared with 90% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for the treatment of anogenital warts. we conducted a randomised controlled study in 72 subjects allocated to three groups: 1% 5-FU, 90% TCA and 5% 5-FU; 90% TCA was administered once a week, whereas 5-FU cream was applied three times a week. Response to therapy and side-effects were evaluated weekly for seven weeks. Evaluation at week 7 demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the efficacy between 1% 5-FU cream and 90% TCA ( p = 0.763) or between 5% 5-FU cream and 90% TCA ( p = 0.274). Subjective side-effects with 1% 5-FU were significantly milder than 90% TCA; however, significantly milder objective side-effects were observed only at weeks 2, 6 and 7. The subjective side-effects with 5% 5-FU were also significantly milder than 90% TCA; however, significantly milder objective side-effects were observed only at week 2. 5-FU may become an alternative topical therapy as it offers the benefit of self-application; furthermore, a concentration of 1% 5-FU cream is recommended due to milder side-effects.

A Never-Ending Story of Anogenital Warts: Review Article

Anogenital wart (AGW) has long been one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, which has negative effects on psychological and social issues. Its slowly progressive nature and long dormant stage prevent AGW from elimination. Although diagnosis is as simple as inspection using the naked eyes or a magnifying glass and basic medical treatment is the main treatment modality, the long period of clinical response appears to be the biggest challenge. Many patients suffer from this non-fatal disease for over half a year. Onward transmission obviously continues during the occurrence of lesions. Primary prevention, particularly vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV vaccine), is an ideal method. HPV vaccine is a promising method; however, its high cost limits wide accessibility. In addition, despite being vaccinated, some women present with AGW. Therefore, a never-ending story of AGW remains to be explored. The Siriraj Female STI Clinic, which has over 20 years of experience in treating women with AGW, would like to share some experience so that these patients will be treated with more understanding. Keywords: Anogenital wart, Prevention, Surveillance, Siriraj experience