Broiler Behaviour Differs From Males to Females When Under Different Light Wavelengths

It is well established that different light wavelengths affect broiler behavior. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of four light wavelengths on broiler behavior from 1 to 42-days of age. Birds were housed at a stocking density of 13 birds/m2, in 32 boxes of 1.56 m2. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial of 4x2 (four colors x two sexes), with four replicates. Behavioral variables were accessed through cameras and observed in person thrice a week for 30 min per day in three different periods. Data was organized according to age groups and analyzed by data mining approach with the different light wavelengths as the classes. Natural behavior of male broilers reared in environments with green. Blue light was more relevant to the classification of male broilers behavior (96.9 and 96.9% accuracy and 0.8 and 1.0 of class precision of behavior classification, respectively). Blue and green lights affected the behavior of male broilers starting at 7-days of age, increasing the presence at the bird feeder, and reducing the idle period.

Equilibrium analysis of cloud user request based on the Markov queue with variable vacation and vacation interruption

This paper considers the equilibrium balking behavior of customers in a single-server Markovian queue with variable vacation and vacation interruption, where the server can switch across four states: vacation, working vacation, idle period, and busy period. Once the queue becomes empty, the server commences a working vacation and slows down its service rate. However, this period may be interrupted anytime by the vacation interruption. Upon the completion of a working vacation, the server takes a vacation in a probability-based manner and stops service if the system is empty. The system stays idle after a vacation until a new customer arrives. The comparisons between the equilibrium balking strategy of customers and the optimal expected social benefit per time unit for each type of queue are elucidated and the inconsistency between the individual optimization and the social optimization is revealed. Moreover, the sensitivity of the expected social benefit and the equilibrium threshold with respect to the several parameters as well as diverse precision levels is illustrated through numerical examples in a competitive cloud environment.

Effect of Vegetable Growth on Content and Composition of Antibiotics in Litopenaeus vannamei Pond Sediments in Crop/Aquacultural Rotation Process

Photodegradation remains the major pathway of antibiotic removal in natural ponds. This study introduced a new method of growing vegetables on the bottom substrate of shrimp ponds to improve sediment quality. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of vegetable planting on the photodegradation of antibiotics. This study characterized antibiotic levels in the pond sediment during this phytoremediation process and investigated the antibiotic content and composition of the sediment with and without crop rotation (traditional control), as well as the shrimp yields. The results showed that total antibiotics (e.g., trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, and norfloxacin) in the sediment of all aquaculture ponds continuously decreased from 44.78 ± 4.07 μg/kg to 18.80 ± 2.26 μg/kg in the crop rotation pond. The total amount of antibiotics consistently decreased in all ponds, and the rate of decline did not greatly differ. However, oxytetracycline in the crop rotation pond decreased faster than in the control pond, presumably because the growing vegetables altered the sediment and microbial-community characteristics that promoted oxytetracycline degradation. In the following year, there was little difference in the levels of norfloxacin or oxytetracycline between the two ponds. An increase in trimethoprim in the control pond was much higher than in the crop-growing sediment. It was indicated that the system remediated the shrimp pond ecosystem as well as providing the possibility of increasing profits by planting vegetables in the winter idle period of shrimp ponds.

SYSTEM OF AUTOMATED DRINKING OF WHOLE MILK SUBSTITUTE WITHOUT PIGLETS DEPOSITION: HOW DOES IT AFFECT THE INTENSITY OF THEIR GROWTH AND SAFETY

The effectiveness of using the CulinaCup system for feeding suckling piglets with a substitute for whole milk has been studied. The use of automated feeding equipment for whole milk replacer made it possible to increase the safety of piglets during the suckling period by 2.1%, live weight at weaning by 9.2%, average daily gain by 12.1%, increase the number of weaners per sow by 3.7 heads and reduce the duration of the idle period by 0.8 days.

Chloride corrosion behavior on heating pipeline made by AISI 304 and 316 in reclaimed water

It would be economical if heating pipes were used to transport reclaimed water during its idle period. The most important thing is to study the causes and processes of the corrosion on it for practical application.

ABORSI PADA MASA IDDAH WANITA HAMIL UNTUK MEMPERCEPAT PERKAWINAN PADA MASA IDDAH

AbstrakPerkawinan merupakan sebuah awal antara seorang laki-laki dan wanita untuk hidup bersama yang mana perkawinan dalam sebuah negara di di atur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Perceraian merupakan salah satu bagian dalam sebuah perkawinan, karena perceraian tidak akan mungkin teradi tanpa perkawinan terlebih dahulu, perceraian merupakan akhir dari sebuah perkawinan yang mana kehidupan bersama antara suami istri telah berakhir. Dalam hal terjadinya sebuah perceraian ada sebuah masa untuk melangsungkan perkawinan yang di larang bagi si istri atau yang biasa di sebut dengan masa iddah. Iddah sendiri adalah waktu menunggu bagi seorang mantan istri yang telah di ceraikan oleh mantan suaminya, dan masa iddah wajib di jalani seorang wanita apabila ikatan perkawinannya telah terputus. Pada dasarnya bagi wanita hamil masa iddahnya adalah sampai dia melahirkan anak dalam kandungannya, dengan semakin berkembangnya kehidupan manusia maka semakin berkembang pula permasalahan yang muncul di kehidupannya salah satunya adalah tentang pengguguran kandungan (aborsi) oleh wanita hamil untuk mempercepat masa iddahnya. Dalam penelitian ini penulis akan membahas bagaimana pandangan hukum islam terhadapa permasalahan mengenai pengguguran kandungan untuk mempercepat masa iddah.Kata Kunci: Pengguguran Kehamilan, Masa Iddah, Hukum IslamAbstract The Marriage is a beginning between a man and woman to live together where marriage in a country is regulated in the legislation. Divorce is one part of a marriage, because divorce will not be possible without marriage first, divorce is the end of a marriage in which the common life between husband and wife has ended. In the event of a divorce there is a period of marriage which is forbidden for the wife or what is usually called the iddah period. Iddah itself is a waiting time for an ex-wife who has been divorced by her ex-husband, and a period of iddah is obliged to be lived by a woman if the marriage bond has been broken. Basically for a pregnant woman during her iddah period is until she gives birth to a child in her womb, with the growing development of human life, the more developed problems that arise in her life, one of which is about abortion by pregnant women to speed up their iddah period. In this study the author will discuss how the views of Islamic law regarding problems regarding abortion to accelerate the period of iddah. Keywords: Abortion of Pregnancy, Idle Period, Islamic Law

Performance of Sequencing Batch Reactor Treating Sewage Using Two Stage Anoxic Aerobic

Sequencing batch reactor technology (SBR) is an increasingly popular reactor configuration because of flexibility of operation in the treatment of domestic wastewater. However, the combined two stage anoxic-aerobic for further nitrogen removal has not been explored further. This study aims to determine the performance efficiency of two-stage anoxic-aerobic using sequencing batch reactor. 10 L of SBR reactor was operated twice daily. The system was operated on a 500 minutes cycle with 10 minutes of feeding, 300 minutes for reacting, 60 minutes of sedimentation, 10 minutes of decanting and 120 minutes for an idle period. Effluent quality (chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4–N), total suspended solids (TSS)), particle size and sludge settleability have been analyzed over a period of 35 days of operation. Results shows that the overall efficiencies for COD, TSS and NH4–N were 93.8%, 98.4 % and 85.9%, respectively. In the lab scale SBR reactor unit, the 2 h anoxic/1.5 h aerobic period resulted in good process performance with COD, NH4–N and TSS removal of 66.0%, 78.5% and 59.4 %, respectively. Increasing the length of anoxic up to 1 h did not enhance the NH4–N removal with 4.5% in anoxic phase and 7.2% in aerobic phase. Sludge settleability became poorer as the ciliate species becomes rich. The particle size of the sludge was observed to increase from 117.743 μm to 127.310 μm. It is recommended that the duration of combined anoxic/aerobic periods should be optimized to achieve maximum performance and nutrient removal.

Power Matching and Energy Efficiency Improvement of Hydraulic Excavator Driven with Speed and Displacement Variable Power Source

Mobile machinery energy efficiency and emission pollution are the national and worldwide issues. This paper contributes in solving these problems by applying a speed variable power source. Unfortunately, almost all of the speed variable systems have the dynamic response problem when the motor starts with full load or heavy load. To address this problem, a hydraulic accumulator is used to balance the load of the power source for assisting starting of the motor and a matching method combined with speed and displacement control of the pump is proposed to improve the energy efficiency and dynamic performance simultaneously under different working conditions. Also, the power source/valve combined control strategy of an independent metering system is designed to realize flow matching of the whole system. Firstly, a test system is established to study the dynamic performance and energy efficiency of the speed variable power source with an auxiliary accumulator. Working performance and energy consumption of the power source under different rotating speeds and different loads are studied. And then, the hydraulic excavator test rig with the proposed system is constructed. Furthermore, the working performance of the excavator with the speed-fixed and speed-variable strategy are studied comparatively. Results show that, compared with fixed-speed strategy, the electric power consumption during the idle period and partial load condition can be reduced about 2.05 kW and 1.37 kW. The energy efficiency of speed variable power source is about 40%‒71%, which is higher than that of the fixed-speed power source by 3%–10%.

A single server queue under random vacation policy

This paper deals with an M/G/1 queueing system with random vacation policy, in which the server takes the maximum number of random vacations till it finds minimum one message (customer) waiting in a queue at a vacation completion epoch. If no arrival occurs after completing maximum number of random vacations, the server stays dormant in the system and waits for the upcoming arrival. Here, we obtain steady state queue size distribution at an idle period completion epoch and service completion epoch. We also obtain the steady state system size probabilities and system state probabilities. Some significant measures such as a mean number of customers served during the busy period, Laplace-Stieltjes transform of unfinished work and its corresponding mean value and second moment have been obtained for the system. A cost optimal policy have been developed in terms of the average cost function to determine a locally optimal random vacation policy at a lower cost. Finally, we present various numerical results for the above system performance measures.