scholarly journals Development of Palm Shell Base Activated Carbon for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emissions Absorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Abdul Mutalib bin Leman ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Muzarpar ◽  
Mohd Norhafsam Maghpor ◽  
Khairunnisa Rahman ◽  
Nik Normunira Mat Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Cleaning Product ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Air Contaminant

High concentration of indoor air contaminant commonly released by human activities, furniture, building materials, carpets, cleaning product and paints. BTEX contains Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) is categorized into VOCs which are indicative of harmful chemicals especially for indoor air. Therefore, it needs the sampling media for absorption before it could be analyse in the specific laboratory. One of the challenging technology to absorb BTEX is by using Palm Shell Activated Carbon (PSAC).  Malaysia has a second largest country that produce palm oil which led to abundant of palm shell as waste material. Activated carbon is created through the carbonization, crushing and activation process. Carbonization process is conducted in various holding time of 1, 2 and 3 hours which called by CT1. CT2 and CT3 hours, respectively. Activation process is conducted through physical activation at temperature of 900 0C for 1 hour, chemical activation is conducted by Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) with ratio of 1:1 (charcoal: chemical) and holding time for 12 hours. It heated by furnace at temperature of 850 0C for 1 hours in order to improve the porosity and larger surface area. The physical properties were conducted by ASTM 3713, 3714 and 3715 for moisture, as and volatile content measurement. Surface morphology and composition as well as porosity image is characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) machine. The result shows that the lowest ash, moisture and volatile content is shown by CT1 sample, but it has not completely carbonized as compared to CT2 and CT3. Moreover, CT3 has highest ash, moisture and volatile content but it has lowest fixed carbon as compared to CT1 and CT2. Therefore, CT2 hours is selected for further process. In microstructure analysis is observed that the PSACphysical+chemical has larger number of porosities with the diameter approximately of 50 to 150 µm, for PSACphysical approximately of 25 to 100 µm and PSACchemical of below than 50 µm. Composition analysis is observed that the sample is mainly consists of Carbon (C), Oxygen (O) and Potassium (K) content. Where larger porosity is in-line with the increment of K content which indicated in larger adsorption capacity. It can be summarized that palm shell with 2 hours carbonization time and it activated become PSACphysical+chemical has a high potential to larger adsorption capacity of indoor air contaminant adsorption. It is being further explore for sampling media of BTEX.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Contaminant Adsorption By Palm Shell Activated Carbon Filter – A Proposed Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 01046 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M Leman ◽  
Supa’at Zakaria ◽  
M.N.M Salleh ◽  
Dafit Feriyanto ◽  
N.M Sunar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Activated Carbon Filter ◽  
Air Contaminant ◽  
Carbon Filter

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterisation of Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquid as Activating Agent in Rubber Seed Shell Activated Carbon Production for CO2 Capture

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Nawwarah Mokti ◽  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Siti Nur Azella Zaine ◽  
Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Activating Agent

The use of an activating agent in chemical activation of activated carbon (AC) production is very important as it will help to open the pore structure of AC as adsorbents and could enhance its performance for adsorption capacity. In this study, a pyridinium-based ionic liquid (IL), 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, [C4Py][Tf2N] has been synthesized by using anion exchange reaction and was characterized using few analyses such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FTIR. Low-cost AC was synthesized by chemical activation process in which rubber seed shell (RSS) and ionic liquid [C4Py][Tf2N] were employed as the precursor and activating agent, respectively. AC has been prepared with different IL concentration (1% and 10%) at 500°C and 800°C for 2 hours. Sample AC2 shows the highest SBET and VT which are 392.8927 m2/g and 0.2059 cm3/g respectively. The surface morphology of synthesized AC can be clearly seen through FESEM analysis. A high concentration of IL in sample AC10 contributed to blockage of pores by the IL. On the other hand, the performance of synthesized AC for CO2 adsorption capacity also studied by using static volumetric technique at 1 bar and 25°C. Sample AC2 contributed the highest CO2 uptakes which is 50.783 cm3/g. This current work shows that the use of low concentration IL as an activating agent has the potential to produce porous AC, which offers low-cost, green technology as well as promising application towards CO2 capture.

scholarly journals STUDI ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA NAPHTHOL YELLOW S PADA LIMBAH CAIR MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF DARI AMPAS TEBU

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
W. P. Utoo1 ◽  
E. Santoso ◽  
G. Yuhaneka ◽  
A. I. Triantini ◽  
M. R. Fatqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Test Result

The aim of this research is to get activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse with high adsorption capacity to Naphthol Yellow S and to know factors influencing the adsorption capacity. Activated carbon is prepared by incomplete combustion of sugracane bagasse. The resulting carbon is activated with H2SO4 with concentration variation of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 M and is continued by calcination at 400 °C. The measurement of the surface area of ??activated carbon by the methylene blue method indicates that the activation process successfully extends the surface area of carbon from 31.87 m2/g before activation to 66-72 m2/g after activation. Activated carbon with concentration of 2.0 M H2SO4 showed the highest surface area of ??71.85 m2/g, however, the best adsorption was shown by activated carbon with a concentration of 0.5 M H2SO4 with the adsorption capacity of 83.93%. The adsorption test showed that the best amount of adsorbent was 0.2 g with contact time for 30 minutes. Prolonged contact time can decrease the amount of Naphthol Yellow S adsorbed. The best adsorption test result was shown by sample with activator concentration of 0,5 M, mass of 0,2 g and contact time of 30 min with adsorption capacity 95,81% or amount of dye adsorbed equal to 143,72 mg/g. The adsorption study also showed that the entire Naphthol Yellow S adsorption process followed the Langmuir isothemal adsorption model. Qualitative testing of real batik waste indicates that activated carbon can reduce the dyes waste containing Naphthol Yellow Sexhibited by the color of batik waste which is more faded.  

scholarly journals ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU DENGAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT DURIAN MENGGUNAKAN KOH DAN NaOH SEBAGAI AKTIVATOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Hanum ◽  
Rikardo Jgst Gultom ◽  
Maradona Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Maximum Surface

Durian is a kind of tropical fruits which can grow well in Indonesia. Durian is containing 60-75% shell. Durian shell could be a potential alternative to activated carbon because it contains 57.42% carbon. The aim of this research is to know the effect of contact time and  stirring speed to activated carbon adsorption capacity from durian shell with KOH and NaOH as activators. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) analysis showed the activation process effects on  absorption intensity  wavelength region and resulted in formation of C = C aromatic tape, so that the nature of the charcoal becomes more polar compared with the initial condition. Analysis using spectrophotometer UV-Vis to determine  absorbance and  final concentration of each variation of contact time and stirring speed. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH on stirring speed of 150 rpm and a contact time of 90 minutes is equal to 3.92 mg / g and 3.8 mg / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH during the stirring speed 130 rpm and a contact time of 120 minutes is equal to 1785.263 m2 / g and 1730.332 m2 / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained from this research has met the standards of commercial activated carbon surface area was between 800-1800 m2/ g. Modeling pseudo second order presents a more representative adsorption data, a second order equation is based on the assumption that adsorption step is chemosorption.

Novel Low-Cost Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell and its Adsorptive Characteristics for Carbon Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Nor Adilla Rashidi ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Azry Borhan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process

The objective of this research is to synthesize the microporous activated carbon and test its applicability for CO2gas capture. In this study, coconut shell-based and commercial activated carbon is used as the solid adsorbent. Based on the findings, it shows that the gas adsorption capacity is correlated to the total surface area of the materials. In addition, reduction in the adsorption capacity with respect to temperature proves that the physisorption process is dominant. Higher carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption capacity in comparison to nitrogen (N2) capacity contributes to higher CO2/N2selectivity, and confirms its applicability in the post-combustion process. Utilization of abundance agricultural wastes and one-step physical activation process is attractive as it promotes a cleaner pathway for activated carbon production, and simultaneously, reduces the total operating cost.

scholarly journals Simple Preparations and Characterizations of Activated-Carbon- Clothes from Palm-Kernel-Shell for Ammonia Vapor Adsorption and Skim-Latex-Odor Removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adlim ◽  
Ratu Fazlia Inda Rahmayani ◽  
Fitri Zarlaida ◽  
Latifah Hanum ◽  
Maily Rizki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Ammonia Vapor ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Carbonation Process

This study explored a simple preparation and characterization of the activated carbon and cloth from the palm kernel shell and compared it to the commercial-water-filter-carbon specification. A new pyrolysis chamber that is easily scaled up using the palm kernel shell itself as a heat source was tested. Two different steps were compared: the alkaline activation process performed before or after the carbonation process in the palm-kernel-shell carbon preparation. The palm-kernel-shell activated carbons prepared with the current method fulfilled the standard quality of activated charcoal except for the ash content. The sequencing step of the preparation affected the adsorption capacity. Instead of the reverse sequence, the soaking palm kernel shells in NaOH before the carbonation process lead to a higher adsorption capacity. The carbon particle stability on the cloth surface was affected by both the adhesive concentration and its size. The ammonia adsorption capacity of activated carbon cloth (ACC) was between 1–4 mg ammonia per g stuck carbon. The preparation and the carbon type source on ACC affected the adsorption capacity. The ACC absorbed and lessened the skim latex odor vapor, nearly odorless depending on the ACC area and the volume of odor vapor.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE CARBONIZATION AND ACTIVATION PROCESS ON THE ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF RICE HUSK ACTIVATED CARBON

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoa Thai Ma ◽  
Hung Cam Ly ◽  
Van Thi Thanh Ho ◽  
Nguyen Bao Pham ◽  
Dat Chi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process

In this study, rice husk was used as a precursor to prepare activated carbon using steam as a physical activation agent. Steam for activation can be used to activate almost all raw materials. A variety of methods have been developed but all of these share the same basic principle of initial carbonization followed by an activation step with steam. The study also investigates the effects of preparation parameters on the surface characteristics of the carbon. These parameters include the range of temperature and time in the carbonization and activation. The initial carbonization, done at temperatures up to 500°C in 60 min, is a highly exothermic process where the temperature is strictly controlled. The creation of the internal surface is done during the activation step with steam at temperatures 800°C in 30 min., for which the BET surface area is up to 710.8m2/g. Besides, the iodine and methylene blue adsorption capacity of rice-husk carbon are the best that reach 865.98±6.5 and 217.86±1.0 (mg/g), respectively. The entire synthetic procedure was simple, environmental-friendly and economical-effectively. The application prospect of the activated carbon prepared in this work was much more promising due to its high adsorptive capacity.

scholarly journals Adsorption of methylene blue onto betel nut husk-based activated carbon prepared by sodium hydroxide activation process

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1932-1949
Author(s):  
Mondira Bardhan ◽  
Tamanna Mamun Novera ◽  
Mumtahina Tabassum ◽  
Md. Azharul Islam ◽  
Ali H. Jawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Mb Adsorption

Abstract In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from agro-waste betel nut husks (BNH) through the chemical activation method. Different characterization techniques described the physicochemical nature of betel nut husks activated carbon (BNH-AC) through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pH point of zero charge. Later, the produced AC was used for methylene blue (MB) adsorption via numerous batch experimental parameters: initial concentrations of MB dye (25–250 mg/L), contact time (0.5–24 hours) and initial pH (2–12). Dye adsorption isotherms were also assessed at three temperatures where the maximum adsorption capacity (381.6 mg/g) was found at 30 °C. The adsorption equilibrium data were best suited to the non-linear form of the Freundlich isotherm model. Additionally, non-linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better fitted with the experimental value as well. Steady motion of solute particles from the boundary layer to the BNH-AC's surface was the possible reaction dynamics concerning MB adsorption. Thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Saline water emerged as an efficient eluent for the desorption of adsorbed dye on AC. Therefore, the BNH-AC is a very promising and cost-effective adsorbent for MB dye treatment and has high adsorption capacity.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN AKTIVASI SECARA FISIKA, KIMIA DAN FISIKA-KIMIA

Konversi ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Yessy Meisrilestari ◽  
Rahmat Khomaini ◽  
Hesti Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Coconut Palm ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik produk hasil pembuatan arang aktif dari cangkang kelapa sawit secara aktivasi fisika, kimia dan fisika-kimia dan mengetahui kemampuan adsorpsi arang aktif dari cangkang kelapa sawit dalam uji adsorpsi dengan asam asetat 0,5 N. Proses aktivasi dilakukan secara kimia, fisika, dan fisika-kimia. Pada aktivasi secara fisika dilakukan dengan pemanasan pada suhu tinggi menggunakan furnace yaitu pada suhu 750oC selama 3 jam. Pada aktivasi secara kimia menggunakan ZnCl2 sebagai aktifator dan direndam selama 24 jam. Aktivasi secara fisika-kimia merupakan penggabungan dari aktivasi fisika dan aktivasi kimia. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui karakteristik arang aktif dan uji kemampuan daya adsorben arang aktif terhadap asam asetat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian arang aktif yang dibuat dari cangkang kelapa sawit dengan proses aktivasi secara fisika-kimia mempunyai daya jerap yang paling baik di antara arang aktif lain yang diaktivasi dengan proses fisika dan kimia. Pada waktu penjerapan 4 jam, arang aktif berdiameter 355 µm dengan aktivasi fisika-kimia mampu menjerap sebanyak 34,4% bagian dari larutan asam asetat 0,5 N.Keywords: Arang aktif, asam asetat, aktivasi, adsorpsiThis study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of activated carbon from coconut palm shell and also the performance of activated carbon for adsorption 0.5 N acetic acid solution. Activated carbon obtained from coconut palm shell was activated by chemical, physical and combination of physical and chemical methods. Physical activation was performed by heating the carbon at 750oC for 3 hours while chemical activation process was exhibited by immersing the carbon in ZnCl2 solution for 24 hours. Furthermore, the combination of physical-chemical activation was gained by heating carbon at 750oC for 3 hours and then immersing in ZnCl2 solution for 24 hours.The adsorption performance of activated carbon was investigated by immersing activated carbon in 0.5 N acetic acid solution for specific time. The result showed that activated carbon which was obtained by combination of physical and chemical process was the best among the other methods that mentioned earlier. The highest adsorption capacity for 0.5 N acetic acid solution was achieved 34,4% for 4 hours by using355 µm of particle size..Keywords: activated carbon, acetic acid, activation,adsorption

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document