Demographic Profile of Homicide Cases Occurred at Rajshahi District of Bangladesh

Background: Homicide is the significant issues of major public health crisis in relation to health and safety of all individuals. The number of homicide is increasing in Bangladesh at alarming rate day by day. Objectives:Considering this context, we aimed to study and explore the demography of homicidal deaths occurred at Rajshahi districtin 2020. Materials and methods: The statistics presented here isbased on the post-mortem of the dead bodies that were submitted from different police station in the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology (DFMT) at Rajshahi Medical College. This present data based on the observed mark which might be analogous with corresponding manner of homicide. Results: A total 37 homicides were occurred in January 2020 to December 2020. Among them, 59% were male and 41% were female. Almost 50% victims were between 16 and 30 years old. Maximum of the male victims were farmer in profession, whereas all of the females were house wife. Surprisingly, 24% cases were from area of Charghat police station. Conclusion: The overall situation suggests taking proper action that may decrease the homicidal deaths. KYAMC Journal. 2021;12(3): 138-141

Artificial Intelligence and Antibiotic Discovery

Over recent decades, a new antibiotic crisis has been unfolding due to a decreased research in this domain, a low return of investment for the companies that developed the drug, a lengthy and difficult research process, a low success rate for candidate molecules, an increased use of antibiotics in farms and an overall inappropriate use of antibiotics. This has led to a series of pathogens developing antibiotic resistance, which poses severe threats to public health systems while also driving up the costs of hospitalization and treatment. Moreover, without proper action and collaboration between academic and health institutions, a catastrophic trend might develop, with the possibility of returning to a pre-antibiotic era. Nevertheless, new emerging AI-based technologies have started to enter the field of antibiotic and drug development, offering a new perspective to an ever-growing problem. Cheaper and faster research can be achieved through algorithms that identify hit compounds, thereby further accelerating the development of new antibiotics, which represents a vital step in solving the current antibiotic crisis. The aim of this review is to provide an extended overview of the current artificial intelligence-based technologies that are used for antibiotic discovery, together with their technological and economic impact on the industrial sector.

Equivariant harmonic maps depend real analytically on the representation

We consider harmonic maps into symmetric spaces of non-compact type that are equivariant for representations that induce a free and proper action on the symmetric space. We show that under suitable non-degeneracy conditions such equivariant harmonic maps depend in a real analytic fashion on the representation they are associated to. The main tool in the proof is the construction of a family of deformation maps which are used to transform equivariant harmonic maps into maps mapping into a fixed target space so that a real analytic version of the results in [4] can be applied.

PERILAKU IBU DALAM PENANGGULANGAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS 4 ULU PALEMBANG 4 ULU

Based on WHO, diarrhea kills about 2 million children in the world each year. Referring to Palembang health service in 2017, the number of diarrhea suspects reached 48.000 people. Meanwhile, diarrhea cases tend to increase in the working areas of a community health center 4 Ulu Palembang every year. In 2016, there were about 1.341 children suspected of diarrhea and increased to 1.361 in 2017. This research aims to know about mothers' behavior using the descriptive method. Variables include the mother’s knowledge, attitudes, and actions in dealing with children under five years with diarrhea. This thesis will be developed based on primary and secondary data. Data will be analyzed with univariate statistics. The analysis shows that 62% of respondents have good knowledge, 58% have a good attitude, and 64% have done proper action in caring for children under five years with diarrhea in community health center 4 Ulu working area 2018. Based on the result, there are many mothers who didn’t have good knowledge and attitude in care of children under five years with diarrhea in working area community health center. It’s suggested that intensive promotion is necessarily given which integrating society participation. To learn more factors influencing a mother’s behavior in caring for children under five years with diarrhea needs further research. Keywords: Diarrhea, TheChildren Under The Age of Five

Implementation of Intelligent Algorithms for Localization of Wireless Sensor Network for Secure Wireless Communication Applications

Sensors are important device to collect the information for many applications. The present era is using internet of things (IOT) which is basically working on sensors. The inputs or status of the system is monitored using the sensors embedded in the system under consideration. The sensors need to be small in size, has to consume less power, more reliable and consistence. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of sensors which works together to do a particular task. This cluster of sensors are called nodes and has its own power and ability to communicate to other nodes in the cluster. The location of sensors in the cluster is required to be identified for proper data analysis. When the data is received from the sensor the location is also mapped with it then only proper action can be taken based on signal and location. In WSN few sensor locations are known which are called anchors, from these anchors, the location of unknown sensors are estimated. In this paper, intelligent algorithms firefly and flower pollination algorithm (FPA) are used to find the location of the sensors. The performance of the algorithms is compared with their accuracy to find the location and convergence speed.

RECOGNITION AND PREVENTION OF MEDICATION ERRORS IN PEDIATRIC INPATIENTS: THE ROLE OF CLINICAL PHARMACISTS

Introduction: Medication errors (MEs) are considered preventable errors that may occur frequently during the treatment process with or without patient harm in addition to their economic consequence. MEs occur during prescribing, dose calculation, dispensing, or administration of medicine which could be made by any healthcare professional as a physician, pharmacist or nurse, or by the patient himself. Objective: To detect and report MEs in pediatric inpatients’ medical records and potentially preventing these MEs by making recommendations/suggestions for healthcare professionals about the proper action needed to be taken. Methods: This was a prospective observational study, in which the medical records of admitted pediatric patients to Ibn Al-Atheer Teaching Hospital, Nineveh were reviewed to detect, report, and prevent MEs between the 1st of January and the 30th of June 2019. Results: Out of 6964 medical records reviewed by clinical pharmacists during the study period, 119 MEs were reported to healthcare professionals and prevented. 83% of detected MEs were dosing errors. The results of the Chi-square analysis showed that the highest percentage of dosing errors were associated with antibiotics (p=0.0493). Furthermore, the results of Chi-square analysis showed that the highest percentage of dosing errors were seen in infants and toddlers (p=0.011). Conclusion: This study highlighted the role of clinical pharmacists in recognizing, reporting and preventing MEs which are still occurring in every medical setting. Dosing errors were the most commonly occurring errors and antibiotics were the most frequent group of medicines involved in MEs.

Nonlinear control of photonic higher-order topological bound states in the continuum

Higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) are recently discovered topological phases, possessing symmetry-protected corner states with fractional charges. An unexpected connection between these states and the seemingly unrelated phenomenon of bound states in the continuum (BICs) was recently unveiled. When nonlinearity is added to the HOTI system, a number of fundamentally important questions arise. For example, how does nonlinearity couple higher-order topological BICs with the rest of the system, including continuum states? In fact, thus far BICs in nonlinear HOTIs have remained unexplored. Here we unveil the interplay of nonlinearity, higher-order topology, and BICs in a photonic platform. We observe topological corner states that are also BICs in a laser-written second-order topological lattice and further demonstrate their nonlinear coupling with edge (but not bulk) modes under the proper action of both self-focusing and defocusing nonlinearities. Theoretically, we calculate the eigenvalue spectrum and analog of the Zak phase in the nonlinear regime, illustrating that a topological BIC can be actively tuned by nonlinearity in such a photonic HOTI. Our studies are applicable to other nonlinear HOTI systems, with promising applications in emerging topology-driven devices.

Correction: Bates et al. Vector Fields and Differential Forms on the Orbit Space of a Proper Action. Axioms 2021, 10, 118

There was an error in the original article [...]

Different contribution of the monkey prefrontal and premotor dorsal cortex in decision-making supported by inferential reasoning

Several studies reported similar neural modulations between brain areas of the frontal cortex, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) and the premotor dorsal (PMd) cortex, in tasks requiring encoding of the abstract rules for selecting the proper action. Here, we compared the DLPFC and PMd neuronal activity of monkeys trained in choosing the highest ranking image of pair (target item), selected from an arbitrarily rank-ordered set (A>B>C>D>E>F) in the context of a transitive inference task. Once acquired by trial-and-error, the ordinal relationship between pairs of adjacent images (i.e. A>B; B>C; C>D; D>E; E>F), monkeys were tested in inferring the ordinal relation between items of the list not paired during learning. During inferential decisions, we observed that the choice accuracy increased and the reaction time decreased as the rank difference between the compared items enhanced. This result is in line with the hypothesis that after learning, the monkeys built an abstract mental representation of the ranked items, where rank comparisons correspond to the item position comparison on this representation. In both brain areas, we observed higher neuronal activity when the target item appeared in a specific location on the screen, with respect to the opposite position and that this difference was particularly enhanced at lower degrees of difficulty. By comparing the time evolution of the activity of the two areas, we revealed that the neural encoding of target item spatial position occurred earlier in DLPFC than in PMd, while in PMd the spatial encoding duration was longer.