Revisiting prophylaxis of homeopathic interventions in COVID 19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused by novel beta-coronavirus has emerged as a cause of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) declared by Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Korean oriental medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and Indian systems of medicine known as AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Sowa-Rigpa and Homeopathy) had implemented various prophylactic measures and interim treatment guidelines in prevention and treatment for COVID -19 cases. However, even though different approaches were implemented to break the epidemic chain, we have not reached herd effect or herd immunity in the Indian population. Therefore, in this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a specific study on immune markers of IL-6 (Interleukin-6), D-Dimer, Ferritine, CRP (C-reactive protein) with SARS CoV-2 specific IgG & IgM antibodies need to be investigated for generating hard-core evidence for homeoprophylaxis in terms of immunity response. Therefore, there seems to be a need to revisit the program of homeoprophylaxis in the COVID -19 pandemic.

A NOVA TEORIA DO CONSUMIDOR: UMA ANÁLISE ACERCA DA ABORDAGEM DA INFLUÊNCIA, DA MOTIVAÇÃO E DO STATUS

O presente trabalho versa sobre a visão contemporânea do consumidor enquanto indivíduo pertencente as novas teias sociais. O status, fruto do processo de aceitação social, promove no comportamento do consumidor o esforço de maximizar as ações do grupo, minimizando o utilitarismo econômico. Dessa forma, a fragilidade da amarração teórica tradicional, o utilitarismo marginalista racional, cede espaço às tendências onde expõe um consumidor promovido por emoções, anseios, e status social. Mesmo num cenário de exploração de informação, o consumidor sofre três tipos de tendências: Bandwagon effect, Veblen effect e o Herd effect . Esses são parte da nova teoria do consumidor chamada de behavior comsumption. Como metodologia utilizou-se uma análise exploratória e bibliográfica tendo por base os dados do IBGE e da Associação brasileira do e-comércio e da associação brasileira de produtos de luxo -Abiel. Como resultados e discussões observou-se que entre 2012- 2021, o fenômeno do consumo de status está cada vez mais presente, visto a presença de marcas de elite, suscitando uma grande circulação de produtos e serviços VIPs.

A NOVA CULTURA DE CONSUMO: UMA ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DA INFLUÊNCIA

O presente trabalho foca na questão da nova cultura de consumo alavancada pela geração milenial e pela geração Z. A visão contemporânea do consumidor vê o indivíduo pertencente às novas teias sociais, certificando o grande papel da influência digital na busca pela promoção do status e da aceitação social. Isso promove no comportamento do consumidor, o esforço de maximizar as ações do grupo, minimizando o utilitarismo econômico. Dessa forma, num cenário de exploração de informação, o consumidor sofre três tipos de tendências: Bandwagon effect, Veblen effect e o Herd effect . Esses efeitos são parte da nova teoria do consumidor chamada de behavior comsumption. Como metodologia utilizou-se uma análise exploratória e bibliográfica tendo por base os dados do IBGE e do Relatório Internacional Delloitte – Global Powers of luxury goods, 2021. Como resultados e discussões observou-se que o fenômeno do consumo de status está cada vez mais presente, visto a presença de marcas VIPs suscitando uma grande circulação de renda.

The model of information dissemination on social networks under epidemic-related panic

Inspired by infectious disease dynamics and modern psychology, this paper aims at constructing a multi-dimensional function to get the model of information dissemination on social networks under epidemic-related panic base on the characteristics of individual differences and global characteristics, like emotional cumulative effect, herd effect, time-sensitive decline effect, cognitive level, intimacy, personal influence, etc. The results show that the psychological effect has a significant effect on the increase of the spread of panic news; When netizens are in an emotional atmosphere, their emotional self-regulation ability is limited; when the infection rate is relatively low, the characteristics of individual differences play a leading role in affecting the spreading process. When the infection rate is high enough, the herd effect and emotional cumulative effect play a major role in promoting information dissemination; In a society with a higher rate of emotional contact, it is easier to form a kind of collective wisdom, which can help the collective quickly identify rumors. Moreover, in this kind of society, the role of opinion leaders is limited, and timely refutation of rumors can significantly reduce the spread of panic news.

A Herd Effect Detection Method Based on Text Features

The herd effect is a common phenomenon in social society. The detection of this phenomenon is of great significance in many tasks based on social network analysis such as recommendation. However, the research on social network and natural language processing seldom focuses on this issue. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised data mining method to detect herding in social networks. Taking shopping review as an example, our algorithm can identify other reviews which are affected by some previous reviews and detect a herd effect chain. From the overall perspective, the cross effects of all views form the herd effect graph. This algorithm can be widely used in various social network analysis methods through graph structure, which provides new useful features for many tasks.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Type Traits in First Parity Cows of the Autochthonous Cika Cattle in Slovenia

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of 26 individual and four composite type traits in first parity Cika cows. An analysis of variance was performed with the generalized linear model procedure of the SAS/STAT statistical package, where the fixed effects of year of recording, cow’s age at recording and days after calving as a linear regression were included in the model. The variance components for the direct additive genetic effect and the herd effect in all type traits were estimated using the REML method in the VCE-6 software package. The estimated heritabilities ranged from 0.42 to 0.67 for the measured body frame traits, from 0.36 to 0.80 for the scored autochthonous traits, from 0.11 to 0.61 for the scored body frame traits, and from 0.20 to 0.47 for the scored udder traits. The estimated heritabilities for the composite traits called “autochthonous characteristics”, “muscularity”, “body frame” and “udder” were 0.55, 0.19, 0.19, and 0.26, respectively. The estimated genetic correlations among the measured body frame traits were positive and high, while the majority of them among the scored body frame traits were low to moderate. The estimated proportions of variance explained by the herd effect for the composite traits “autochthonous characteristics,” “muscularity,” “body frame” and “udder” were 0.09, 0.28, 0.14, and 0.10, respectively. The estimated heritabilities for the type traits of first parity Cika cows were similar to those reported for other breeds where breeding values have been routinely predicted for a long time. All estimated genetic parameters are already used for breeding value prediction in the Cika cattle population.

Pneumococcal Vaccines: Past Findings, Present Work, and Future Strategies

The importance of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been well established. These bacteria can colonize infants and adults without symptoms, but in some cases can spread, invade other tissues and cause disease with high morbidity and mortality. The development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) caused an enormous impact in invasive pneumococcal disease and protected unvaccinated people by herd effect. However, serotype replacement is a well-known phenomenon that has occurred after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and has also been reported for other PCVs. Therefore, it is possible that serotype replacement will continue to occur even with higher valence formulations, but the development of serotype-independent vaccines might overcome this problem. Alternative vaccines are under development in order to improve cost effectiveness, either using proteins or the pneumococcal whole cell. These approaches can be used as a stand-alone strategy or together with polysaccharide vaccines. Looking ahead, the next generation of pneumococcal vaccines can be impacted by the new technologies recently approved for human use, such as mRNA vaccines and viral vectors. In this paper, we will review the advantages and disadvantages of the addition of new polysaccharides in the current PCVs, mainly for low- and middle-income countries, and we will also address future perspectives.

127Topical antibiotics used to prevent infection in the ICU: an accidental natural herd exposure experiment

Background Multiple studies of topical antibiotics applied to ICU patients appear to show potent infection prevention effects versus studies of other interventions. However, the effect is less apparent for studies using non-concurrent (NCC) versus concurrent controls (CC) implying the possibility of a herd effect. Methods 206 studies of infection prevention among ICU patients, sourced from 15 systematic reviews were stratified into those using topical antibiotics with NCC versus with CC versus studies of other prevention methods. The event rates were summarised using generalized estimating equations and compared to other studies without an intervention (literature benchmark). Results The summary effect sizes for pneumonia and mortality prevention derived in the systematic reviews were replicated. The mean ICU mortality incidence for topical antibiotic study CC control groups (28.5%; 95% CI, 25.0-32.3; n = 41) is higher versus a literature benchmark (23.7%; 19.2%-28.5%; n = 34), versus NCC control groups (23.5%; 19.3-28.3; n = 14) and versus topical antibiotic intervention groups (24.4%; 22.1 – 26.9; n = 62). In meta-regression models adjusted for group mean age and publication year, CC group membership within a topical antibiotic study remains associated with higher mortality (p = 0.027). Conclusions Within topical antibiotic studies, the CC control group mortality incidences are inexplicably high, whereas the intervention group incidences are paradoxically similar to a literature-derived benchmark. Key messages An adverse herd effect is apparent for topical antibiotics used to prevent infection among ICU patients.