scholarly journals Revisiting prophylaxis of homeopathic interventions in COVID 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 02-05
Author(s):  
Aditya Dilipkumar Patil
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Herd Effect ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Sowa Rigpa

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused by novel beta-coronavirus has emerged as a cause of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) declared by Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Korean oriental medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and Indian systems of medicine known as AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Sowa-Rigpa and Homeopathy) had implemented various prophylactic measures and interim treatment guidelines in prevention and treatment for COVID -19 cases. However, even though different approaches were implemented to break the epidemic chain, we have not reached herd effect or herd immunity in the Indian population. Therefore, in this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a specific study on immune markers of IL-6 (Interleukin-6), D-Dimer, Ferritine, CRP (C-reactive protein) with SARS CoV-2 specific IgG & IgM antibodies need to be investigated for generating hard-core evidence for homeoprophylaxis in terms of immunity response. Therefore, there seems to be a need to revisit the program of homeoprophylaxis in the COVID -19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Regional Difference in Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Tokyo: Results from the community point-of-care antibody testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morihito Takita ◽  
Tomoko Matsumura ◽  
Kana Yamamoto ◽  
Erika Yamashita ◽  
Kazutaka Hosoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Difference ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractThe serosurvey is an alternative way to know the magnitude of the population infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the expansion of capacity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was delayed. We herein report seroprevalence of COVID-19 accessed in the two community clinics in Tokyo. The point-of-care immunodiagnostic test was implemented to detect the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody in the peripheral capillary blood. The overall positive percentage of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody is 3.83% (95% confidence interval: 2.76-5.16) for the entire cohort (n =1,071). The central Tokyo of 23 special wards exhibited a significantly higher prevalence compared to the other area of Tokyo (p =0.02, 4.68% [95%CI: 3.08-6.79] versus 1.83 [0.68-3.95] in central and suburban Tokyo, respectively). The seroprevalence of the cohort surveyed in this study is low for herd immunity, which suggests the need for robust disease control and prevention. A community-based approach, rather than state or prefectural levels, is of importance to figure out profiles of the SARS-COV-2 outbreak.

scholarly journals IgA2 Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Correlate with NET Formation and Fatal Outcome in Severely Diseased COVID-19 Patients

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2676
Author(s):  
Léonie A. N. Staats ◽  
Hella Pfeiffer ◽  
Jasmin Knopf ◽  
Aylin Lindemann ◽  
Julia Fürst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Antibody Levels

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to an adaptive immune response in the host and the formation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. While IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 have been characterized quite well, less is known about IgA. IgA2 activates immune cells and induces inflammation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation which may contribute to organ injury and fatal outcome in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein specific antibody levels were measured in plasma samples of 15 noninfected controls and 82 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with no or mild symptoms, moderate symptoms (hospitalization) or severe disease (intensive care unit, ICU). Antibody levels were compared to levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and circulating extracellular DNA (ecDNA) as markers for general inflammation and NET formation, respectively. While levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG were similar in all patient groups, IgA2 antibodies were restricted to severe disease and showed the strongest discrimination between nonfatal and fatal outcome in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. While anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA2 levels correlated with CRP levels in severely diseased patients, only anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA2 correlated with ecDNA. These data suggest that the formation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA2 during SARS-CoV-2 infection is a marker for more severe disease related to NET formation and poor outcome.

scholarly journals CRP (C Reactive Protein) level after total knee replacement in Indian population--- does it follow Anglo-Saxon trend?

Arthroplasty ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Bhalchandra Londhe ◽  
Ravi Vinod Shah ◽  
Amit Pankaj Doshi ◽  
Shubhankar Sanjay Londhe ◽  
Kavita Subhedar
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Total Knee

Immune Markers in Pregnancy A Study on Neopterin, β2-Microglobulin, Deoxythymidine Kinase and C-Reactive Protein

Pteridines ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Margareta Norman ◽  
Katarina Bremme ◽  
Peter Eneroth
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
In Pregnancy

Summary Neopterin and β2-microglobulin but neither C-reactive protein nor deoxythymidine kinase increased in maternal serum from pregnancy week 20 to 40. Only maternal C-reactive protein concentrations changed during vaginal delivery and after 4 days post partum. Retroplacental plasma levels of neopterin, deoxythymidine kinase and β2-microglobulin were significantly higher than in maternal peripheral serum which was interpreted as an indication of increased activity of the immune system as influenced by the fetoplacental unit. The concentrations of neopterin, deoxythymidine kinase and β2-microglobulin were significantly higher in mixed artero-venous umbilical plasma than in the retroplacental plasma, possibly reflecting activation signals to immunocompetent cells in the neonates. The possibility of a transfer of these compounds from fetal to maternal circulation was also pointed out.

scholarly journals Study of C-Reactive Protein and Myocardial Infarction in the Indian Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Shalia ◽  
Sudha Savant ◽  
Vijaya A. Haldankar ◽  
Tulip Nandu ◽  
Poonam Pawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

scholarly journals Herd Immunity in India: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Sheema Fatima Khan
Keyword(s):  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Herd Effect ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Herd Protection ◽  
Cdc Guidelines ◽  
And Control

Herd Immunity is a brilliant solution to tackle and control global pandemics, if taken proper route for immunization such as through vaccination. It is defined as the number of immune individuals against a transmissible virus in a completely susceptible population. The term herd protection or herd effect is the protection to the whole population due to herd immunity. Herd immunity threshold is the minimum proportion of immune population required for herd effect or herd protection. To calculate the threshold, we use basic reproduction number (R0) to measure the rate of transmission of pathogen, in this case SARS-CoV-2. However, a better measure is effective reproduction number (Re). India is major example of herd immunity. Despite strict lockdown and other Covid measure, due to already crowded area the virus could spread fast and to vast majority of people if one of them were to catch it. This explains the steady decline in the number of coronavirus cases in India. At the end, until an approved effective vaccination available, public will still need to follow all the CDC guidelines in order to avoid the large deaths along with natural infection.

scholarly journals Functional SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory persists after mild COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren B Rodda ◽  
Jason Netland ◽  
Laila Shehata ◽  
Kurt B Pruner ◽  
Peter M Morawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Memory Lymphocytes

The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus is currently causing a global pandemic and cases continue to rise. The majority of infected individuals experience mildly symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but it is unknown whether this can induce persistent immune memory that might contribute to herd immunity. Thus, we performed a longitudinal assessment of individuals recovered from mildly symptomatic COVID-19 to determine if they develop and sustain immunological memory against the virus. We found that recovered individuals developed SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody and neutralizing plasma, as well as virus-specific memory B and T cells that not only persisted, but in some cases increased numerically over three months following symptom onset. Furthermore, the SARS-CoV-2-specific memory lymphocytes exhibited characteristics associated with potent antiviral immunity: memory T cells secreted IFN-γ and expanded upon antigen re-encounter, while memory B cells expressed receptors capable of neutralizing virus when expressed as antibodies. These findings demonstrate that mild COVID-19 elicits memory lymphocytes that persist and display functional hallmarks associated with antiviral protective immunity.

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