Seasonal Variation in the Nutritional Analysis of Caprella scaura (Amphipoda: Caprellidae) from the Biofouling of Fish Farm Cages in Central Greece

The total lipid and protein content of the invasive caprellid amphipod Caprella scaura, from the biofouling communities of fish farm cages in the Pagasitikos Gulf were analyzed and compared among seasons. Proteins were the most abundant component (48.5 – 49.3%). Lipid content was relatively lower, with a wider range (6.7 – 34%) and showed a distinct seasonal fluctuation with high values in the winter population and a gradual decrease in spring and summer, with the lowest values in Autumn. Composition of the fatty acids profile was consistent among the seasons, with palmitic (16:0), Oleic (18:1n-9), Eicosapentanoic (20:5n-3)(EPA) and Docosahexanoic acid (22:6n-3 )(DHA) being the most abundant fatty acids. The presence of high levels of EPA and DHA fatty acids makes the species a potential candidate for use of these organisms in aquaculture.

Uses and applications of docosahexanoic acid (dha) in pediatric gastroenterology: current evidence and new perspective.

: In this paper we will review the dietary allowances of these fatty acids in the paediatric population, and also the indications in different pathologies within the field of pediatric gastroenterology. Finally, we will try to explain the reasons that may justify the difficulty in translating the good results in experimental studies to the usual clinical practice. This "good results" may be too little to be detected or there are other causes but misinterpreted as effects of dha.

Therapeutic Effects of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipids Mediators on Cardiac Fibrosis via NRF2 Activation

Heart disease is the number one mortality disease in the world. In particular, cardiac fibrosis is considered as a major factor causing myocardial infarction and heart failure. In particular, oxidative stress is a major cause of heart fibrosis. In order to control such oxidative stress, the importance of nuclear factor erythropoietin 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) has recently been highlighted. In this review, we will discuss the activation of NRF2 by docosahexanoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from polyunsaturated lipids, including DHA and EPA. Additionally, we will discuss their effects on cardiac fibrosis via NRF2 activation.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK CHANNA STRIATUS TERHADAP KADAR DHA SERUM DAN NIHSS PASIEN STROKE ISKEMIK AKUT

THE EFFECT OF CHANNA STRIATUS EXTRACT ON DHA SERUM LEVELS AND NIHSS IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTSABSTRACTIntroduction: The level of docosahexanoic acid (DHA) is associated with clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Channa striatus/snakehead fish has a neuroprotective function due to its DHA content.Aims: Investigate the effect of Channa Striatus extract (EIG) administration which contains DHA on DHA serum levels and neurological clinical output of AIS patients.Methods: This was a randomized pre-posttest control group design with double-blind study. Patients were divided into two groups: treatment, with additional 15 grams EIG administered for 7 days, and control, without additional EIG. DHA serum levels and NIHSS scores were measured before and after treatment. Other factors that may affected the out- come were also analyzed by multivariate statistic.Result: A total of 42 subjects were allocated randomly as treatment or control. The difference of elevated DHA se- rum levels in treatment group was significantly greater than control group. There was a negative correlation between DHA serum levels changes and NIHSS changes. Multivariate analysis showed that NIHSS improvement was affected by EIG (Odds ratio/OD:0.25) gender (OR:5.64).Discussions: There was a significant relationship between EIG supplementation with NIHSS changes. EIG may im- prove neurologic clinical outcome a one-fourth times greater than placebo, thus can be considered as supportive treatment in the recovery of acute ischemic stroke patients.Keywords: Channa Striatus, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ischemic stroke, NIHSSABSTRAKPendahuluan: Kadar docosahexanoic acid (DHA) berkaitan dengan luaran klinis stroke iskemik akut (SIA). Channa Striatus/ikan gabus mempunyai fungsi neuroprotektif karena memiliki kandungan DHA.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak ikan gabus (EIG) yang mengandung DHA terhadap kadar DHA serum serta luaran klinis pasien stroke iskemik akut.Metode: Penelitian dengan desain randomized pre-posttest control group secara tersamar ganda. Pasien dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok; kelompok perlakuan mendapatkan EIG 15gr selama 7 hari dan kelompok kontrol tanpa perlakuan tambahan. Kadar DHA serum dan skor NIHSS diukur sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Faktor-faktor lain yang berpengaruh pada luaran klinis juga dianalisis secara multivariat.Hasil: Sebanyak 42 subjek dilakukan random alokasi sebagai kelompok perlakuan atau kontrol. Didapatkan adanya selisih peningkatan kadar DHA serum pada kelompok perlakuan yang lebih besar secara bermakna dibanding kelompok kontrol. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara perubahan kadar DHA serum dengan perubahan skor NIHSS. Analisis multivariat tampak bahwa EIG berpengaruh pada penurunan skor NIHSS (rasio Odds/RO:0,25) dan variabel jenis kelamin (RO:5,64).Diskusi: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pemberian EIG dengan perubahan skor NIHSS pasien stroke iskemik akut. Pemberian EIG dapat memperbaiki luaran klinis neurologis seperempat kali lebih besar dibanding plasebo, sehingga dapat dipertimbangkan untuk penunjang pemulihan pasien stroke iskemik akut.Kata kunci: Channa Striatus, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), NIHSS, stroke iskemik

Analisis Asam Lemak Omega 3 dan 6 pada Minyak Ikan Lele secara GC-FID

Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids are very good consumed to improve human health. For this reason, research is needed to determine the glyceride profile and identification of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids in fat molecules so that the potential of catfish oil as a source of omega 3 and 6 can be known. Catfish oil was extracted by the soxletation method. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) which was previously esterified using BF3. The results showed that the composition of unsaturated fatty acids more than saturated fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids are found consisting of linolenic acid, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and omega 6, namely linoleic acid. The comparison of omega 3 and omega 6 in catfish oil is still within the recommended comparison terms. Judging from the composition and position of catfish oil fatty acids which contain omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. Thus catfish oil has the potential as a source of omega 3 and 6 from one of the freshwater fish that are consumed by many people.

Probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis, anti-oxidant vitamin E/C and anti-inflammatory dha attenuate lung inflammation due to pm2.5 exposure in mice

The incidence of asthma and allergic diseases of the airways is constantly increasing, both in the industrialised and developing countries, due to harmful and excessive quantities of air pollution. Although some studies have shown an effect of dietary supplementation of specific nutrients (especially with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties) in reducing airways inflammatory response, the results are not yet conclusive and the science is still at its infancy. Our hypothesis is that combining such nutrients could provide more benefits than using them alone. The aim of the research project proposed here is to investigate whether specific combinations of nutrients (docosahexanoic acid, vitamin C and E, and Bifidobacterium lactis strain BB-12®, included in an engineered diet) can act synergistically to reduce inflammation given by high level of air pollution. Beside the role of docosahexanoic acid, vitamins C and E on airways inflammatory disease, no study examined the effect of the supplementation of this probiotic strain in pathological conditions caused by air pollution so far. Herein we used a well-established in vivo model for the study of pollution effects, which consists in female BALB/c mice receiving by pharyngeal aspiration either a sham or a particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM 2.5) containing aerosol. Before treatment, mice were fed either a chow or a supplemented diet. By performing histological analyses and gene expression profiles on lung sections and serum measurement of the cytokine interleukin 10, we found that a specific combination of all the aforementioned nutrients rather than nutrients alone had a synergistic protective effect against PM2.5-induced inflammation. In conclusion, our study support that a supplemental nutritional intervention based on a combination of the probiotic B. lactis BB-12, the anti-oxidant vitamin C and E, and the anti-inflammatory docosahexanoic acid represents a rational option for alleviating air pollution-related lung inflammation.