“Disciplining” Educational Research in the Twentieth Century

Educational research expanded rapidly in the twentieth century. This expansion drove the interested “amateurs” out of the field; the scientific community of peers became the dominant point of orientation. Authorship and authority became more widely distributed; peer review was institutionalized to monitor the flow of ideas within the scientific literature; reference lists in journals demonstrated the adoption of cumulative ideals about science. The historical analysis of education journals presented in this chapter looks at the social changes which contributed to the ascent of an “imagined” community of expert peers in the course of the twentieth century. This analysis also helps us in imagining ways in which improvements to the present academic evaluative culture can be made.

PROCEDURE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF AID DISTRIBUTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES DURING MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (MCO) AMIDST COVID -19 PANDEMIC

The implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia which began on 18 March 2020 after the COVID-19 pandemic has profound implications especially to the local community in Sabah. The implementation of MCO is a new experience among the people in the country. Various efforts were made to alleviate the burden of the people as a result of the pandemic and the implementation of the PKP, including various assistance to the local community. The question is, to what extent is the procedure and effectiveness of aid distribution to the community during the period of the movement control order? Therefore, this study examines the related issue at few selected villages in the districts of Kunak and Lahad Datu, Sabah. The approach used in the study is exploratory and evaluative. This study uses a quantitative method through the distribution of questionnaires and observation in the study area. The study sample was a total of 105 people who were randomly selected. The result showed that there were three aid distribution arrangement procedures used: distribution arrangement through bank accounts (financial related), distribution arrangement through door-to-door delivery, and distribution arrangement through receipt at nearby aid centres. The majority of respondents stated that the aid distribution arrangement procedure of aid distribution which through door-to-door delivery, is 100 people or the equivalent of 75.2%. In addition, the results of the study also found that the majority of respondents, namely 70 respondents (66.7%) stated that the aid distribution arrangement procedure is ‘effective’, 27.6% thought as ‘very effective’ and the rest stated as ‘less effective’, that is about 5.7%. Therefore, the results of the study are important for documentation and literature reference related to pandemic and community issues as well as beneficial to the authorities to improve the effectiveness of aid distribution procedures to local communities in the future.

Additions to the lichens, allied fungi, and lichenicolous fungi of the Ottawa region in Ontario and Quebec, with reflections on a changing biota

The inventory of lichens, allied fungi, and their parasites in the Ottawa region has grown from 391 in 1988 to 543 today, almost entirely because of the discovery of species overlooked in previous years and the inclusion of fungal parasites. In addition, almost 140 names have changed with reclassifications and re-identifications. These changes are presented here together with a list of synonyms updating the 1988 list. Vouchers are cited for all new records, and notes are presented for many species neither described nor keyed out in easily accessible literature. Reference is made to the new, complete list of lichens and lichenicolous fungi available online. The new checklist includes one species new for North America (Tremella christiansenii); five species and one variety new for Canada (Caloplaca parvula, Caloplaca reptans, Cladonia petrophila, Enchylium tenax var. ceranoides, Leprocaulon adhaerens, and Merismatium peregrinum); four new for Ontario (Caloplaca reptans, Kiliasia tristis, Lempholemma chalazanum, and Rinodina fimbriata); and nine new for Quebec (Arthonia helvola, Arthonia hypobela, Caloplaca parvula, Cladonia petrophila, Lempholemma chalazanum, Leprocaulon adhaerens, Merismatium peregrinum, Rimularia badioatra, and Tremella christiansenii). Although the climate of the region is warming, especially with higher minimum temperatures in winter, the lichen biota has not increased as a result but, in fact, may be threatened by the effects of climate change on the health of the forests and the trees that support lichens. Air quality has improved in recent decades, allowing numerous lichens to again become established in urban areas. Local areas of especially rich lichen diversity can be found on both the Ontario and Quebec sides of the region, and some of these “hot-spots” are mentioned. Other factors influencing the decrease or increase of lichen cover are also discussed.

The technique of postmodernist simulation game in the novel “Supernova: The Knight, The Princess, and The Falling Star” by Indonesian writer Dewi Lestari (2001)

This article examines the modern Indonesian women’s prose and its interaction with the elements of postmodernist paradigm. The object of this research is the novelistic writing of the prominent Indonesian author Dewi Lestari on the example of the novel "“Supernova: The Knight, The Princess, and The Falling Star” (Supernova: Ksatria, Puteri, dan Bintang Jatuh, 2001), which is part of the series “Supernova” (2001-2016). Fiction, as the “median” field in literature, embraces various codes of language art. Relying on the tested patterns of popular literature, it can also appeal to postmodernism. In the latter case, the works are characterized by the presence of deconstructive and game (including simulation) principles. The example of application of the codes of fiction and postmodernism is the novel of under review. An important role in the research is played by the literary-theoretical, typological, and descriptive methods. The work of Dewi Lestari has not yet been considered from the perspective of postmodernist game technique and involvement of the concept of simulacrum. An attempt to do this on the example of her most famous works defines the novelty of this research, as well as the noticeable place of postmodernism in Eastern literatures makes relevant it analysis based on the original Indonesian literature. Reference to the poetics of postmodernism through borrowing the simulation game technique allowed Lestari to create a commercially successful product. The perception of the text by each reader in accordance with their worldview, and engagement in the game proposed by Lestari, correspond to the ideas of the postmodernist interpretation of the literary text, as well as to the laws of the market. This is why modern Indonesian writers refer to the postmodernist paradigm.

The Meaning of Indigenous Rights in Fidusian Guarantee in the Perspective of Law Number 42 of 1999 Concerning Fidusian Guarantee

The purpose of this article is to discuss the meaning of material rights in fiduciary security in the perspective of Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Security. The research method used is document review with the Statute Approach approach to fiduciary legislation as primary legal material, as well as various secondary legal materials such as the results of fiduciary scientific studies and literature reference materials about fiduciary. The analysis used is Content Analysis of articles related to fiduciary law. The results showed that the meaning of property rights in nature is always attached to the owner. On the other hand, according to customary law, the meaning of property rights is essentially communal/collective (family/community) as the basis for their rights, both for movable or immovable objects in their possession. Essentially fiduciary property rights are handed over from the debtor's hands to the creditor, with a belief that the property rights will be handed over again if the debtor has paid off his debts, but in the process of surrender, control and his debts often cause legal problems, even though the Fiduciary Guarantee Institute has been formed. The conclusion that the meaning of material rights in fiduciary security lies in the matter of 'Delivery' and 'Mastery' of the items guaranteed.

Performing Arts as Communication: The Traditional Media of Wayang Sasak in Digital Era

Wayang Sasak is one of the performing arts in Indonesia. However, in today’s digital era, the presence of wayang Sasak is in danger of extinction. This is because the young generation of Lombok is not interested in this art. This objective of this study is to discover the preservation effort of wayang Sasak in the digital era. This research used ethnographic communication method which directly involves the researcher. The technique of data collection is through interview, literature study, observation, and visual audio documentation. The result of the research shows that there are several preservation efforts which have been done by the research’s interviewees in this digital era. Several interviewees also suggested a discourse or idea about the innovation to digitalize the performing arts of wayang Sasak in order to cope with the digital era. This research could also be a literature reference about wayang Sasak, because amount the information about wayang Sasak is still lacking.

INFORMATION BASIS OF CARTOGRAPHIC-SPACE MONITORING OF WASTE PLACEMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF IRKUTSK)

The information basis of cartographic and space monitoring of disposal of waste in the city of Irkutsk is analyzed. The availability and possibilities of remote sensing data, cartographic and geodetic materials, departmental documentation and literature, reference sources are considered.

Monograf Sebagai Salah Satu Cara Publikasi Buku Dari Hasil Penelitian

<p><em>The meaning of monograph is writing on a single subject. </em><em>The monograph book form is published in one volume or one series. A monograph issue is not a complete issue in </em><em>several</em><em> volumes. More precisely not a radiant issue. </em><em>The m</em><em>onograph </em><em>book </em><em>is a straightforward and concise form of writing a research paper </em><em>with details on a particular subject. Writing a monograph is based on a literature survey, meaning it is the extraction and compilation of relevant information on a single specialized topic. </em><em>A monograph book is a work of research written by an expert or a specialist in its field and contains one topic or </em><em>some </em><em>related subjects. </em><em>The monograph is</em><em> provided as a literature reference and can be used to hold learning material. </em><em>The lecturer and librarian </em><em>have the opportunity to create a monograph book from research done. Research articles published in journals can be converted into monograph category books so that they are substantially more valuable, have greater material density, and have greater dissemination opportunities.</em></p>

A Case Report and Literature Review of Wilson Disease

To investigate the clinical characteristics, auxiliary examination and treatment of Wilson’s disease(WD). The clinical data of a child with WD were summarized and analyzed comprehensively in conjunction with the literature reference. WD is a hereditary disease with a large age span, diverse early symptoms, high misdiagnosis rate, abnormal liver function, decreased ceruloplasmin, increased urinary copper, K-F rings, ATP7B gene mutation, ATP7B gene mutations, and abnormalities in abdominal and cranial brain imaging, which can be clearly diagnosed and require lifelong treatment. WD can be diagnosed according to the clinical manifestations and auxiliary examination to reduce misdiagnosis. The timely diagnosis and treatment will improve the prognosis the quality of life.

Chikungunya viral arthritis mimicking seronegative rheumatoid arthritis

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic arbovirus infection transmitted through the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The clinical picture is diverse - from mildly flowing, almost asymptomatic forms to characteristic episodes of fever, polymyalgia, polyarthralgia, and arthritis. Globalization of the world is increasing the chances of infection spreading outside known endemic areas. This necessitates a broad differential diagnosis, especially in cases that mimic inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The presented clinical case is of a patient who has returned from a trip to the Maldives and is the first in the Republic of Bulgaria as far as we know, and is established after a detailed literature reference has been made. Rheumatologists, even in non-CHIKV-endemic regions, should consider CHIKV in their evaluation of symmetric polyarthritis lasting above six weeks, especially in case of anamnesis for a trip to the endemic regions to CHIKV that are likely to expand in the near future. However, demonstrating positive antibodies to the Chikungunya virus is the rheumatologist‘s primary help in distinguishing the two diseases.