Clinical epidemiology

Clinical epidemiology is a science that extends the principles and methods of epidemiology to clinical practice and clinical research. In this chapter, we provide an overview of clinical epidemiological methods and how these approaches can be used to improve global public health. We have focused primarily on using evidence in decision-making in this chapter, rather than study design and conduct elements, such as randomized controlled trials, which are covered in detail elsewhere. Consequently, we have provided a framework for critical appraisal and reporting of relevant study designs (how to use and report), rather than a detailed discussion about how such studies should be designed and conducted (how to do).

Latrocimicinae completes the phylogeny of Cimicidae: meeting old morphologic data rather than modern host phylogeny

The family Cimicidae includes obligate hematophagous ectoparasites (bed bugs and their relatives) with high veterinary/medical importance. The evolutionary relationships of Cimicidae and their hosts have recently been reported in a phylogenetic context, but in the relevant study, one of the six subfamilies, the bat-specific Latrocimicinae, was not represented. In this study the only known species of Latrocimicinae, i.e., Latrocimex spectans, was analyzed with molecular and phylogenetic methods based on four (two nuclear and two mitochondrial) genetic markers. The completed subfamily-level phylogeny of Cimicidae showed that Latrocimicinae is most closely related to Haematosiphoninae (ectoparasites of birds and humans), with which it shares systematically important morphologic characters, but not hosts. Moreover, in the phylogenetic analyses, cimicid bugs that are known to infest phylogenetically distant bat hosts clustered together (e.g., Leptocimex and Stricticimex within Cacodminae), while cimicid subfamilies (Latrocimicinae, Primicimicinae) that are known to infest bat hosts from closely related superfamilies clustered distantly. In conclusion, adding Latrocimicinae significantly contributed to the resolution of the phylogeny of Cimicidae. The close phylogenetic relationship between Latrocimicinae and Haematosiphoninae is consistent with long-known morphologic data. At the same time, phylogenetic relationships of genera within subfamilies are inconsistent with the phylogeny of relevant hosts. Graphical abstract

CHALLENGES IN PROVIDING QUALITATIVE LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19: EXPERIENCE OF RĪGA STRADINS UNIVERSITY

The spreading of COVID-19 since March 2020 has had a profound and irreversible impact on all spheres of life around the world. The long-term impact of the pandemic with unpredictable consequences will also be observed in the field of education. The aim of the article is to analyse the potential impact of COVID-19 on the providing of qualitative legal education. Full-fledged assurance of the qualitative education is linked to common conditions for acquiring of knowledge, skills and competences. There are certain specifics in obtaining legal education, especially higher education. It is related to a combination of circumstances that are relevant to the specific knowledge, skills and competences to be acquired by lawyers and legal assistants. In 2020 a new standard for the legal profession was approved, which not only defines new qualitative requirements for the relevant profession, but also determines the need to make adjustments in the relevant study programs. The process of implementing and performing qualitative legal education in the current circumstances is being transformed in line with the international and national regulatory frameworks in the context of management of COVID-19. As research methods descriptive, analytical and synthetic methods are used by the authors.

FASHION INVOLVEMENT MEMPENGARUHI EMOSI POSITIF DAN HEDONISME TERHADAP IMPULSIVE BUYING DI GERAI ZARA BALI

The purpose of this study is to find out how fashion involvement affects positive emotions and hedonism to impulsive buying consumer fashion products in the context of shopping. By using a fashion involvement model, this research was developed to explore the factors that have an impact on impulsive buying by positive emotions and hedonism. The model was tested through questionnaires from 85 respondents who had been shopping at Zara Bali. The analysis used is outter model and inner model which result obtained through PLS program. The results of the study found that fashion involvement, positive emotions and hedonism have a positive effect on impulsive buying. The implications of this study bring fashion involvement to contribute to positive emotions and hedonism to impulsive buying. The theoretical implications of this study are expected to serve as relevant study materials and add a reference to the variables studied. The practical implications obtained that the results of this study is expected to be a consideration in determining the company's marketing strategy. Keywords: fashion involvement; positive emotion; hedonism; impulsive buying.

Impact of Coronavirus on Higher Education in Pakistan.docx

<p>This article is written in order to highlight the issues and difficulties the students and teachers are facing in Pakistan related to online teaching. There are many issues for the students who are living in the peripheries, they do not have timely and proper access to interact apart from continues load shedding of electricity. Some of the faculty members are also not IT savvy therefore they are also facing issues in online teaching and uploading the relevant study material. Mostly, they are not even provided with IT assistant for such task that may facilitate them. This research has highlighted some of these issues and have given suggestion to the policy makers and higher education that may help them.</p>

Impact of Coronavirus on Higher Education in Pakistan.docx

<p>This article is written in order to highlight the issues and difficulties the students and teachers are facing in Pakistan related to online teaching. There are many issues for the students who are living in the peripheries, they do not have timely and proper access to interact apart from continues load shedding of electricity. Some of the faculty members are also not IT savvy therefore they are also facing issues in online teaching and uploading the relevant study material. Mostly, they are not even provided with IT assistant for such task that may facilitate them. This research has highlighted some of these issues and have given suggestion to the policy makers and higher education that may help them.</p>