scholarly journals Linguistic Features of Limbu Mundhum

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Mohan Kumar Tumbahang
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Stylistic Feature ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
Linguistic Aspect

This article attempts to look into the kind of language employed in the Mundhum corpus that puts the intricacy to the Limbu natives. To analyze the linguistic aspect of the Mundhum, the study has applied linguistic devices/tools based especially on phonic feature to syntactic structure or pattern. This study, thus, is qualitative in nature and the non-numerical data were collected from the books, journals, articles and religious scripture. The analysis has revealed that the Kirat Limbu Mundhum corpus is a complicated ancient form of poetry believed to be the sacred religious scripture. It has distinctly different language variety in terms of orthographic, phonological, sematic, syntactic and above all the stylistic feature. The linguistic deviation in the Mundhum has set itself off the ordinary language variety causing obscurity for a larger number of the Limbu native speakers. Obsolete and classical terminologies stand as a stumbling block and that have added more obscurity even to the most Limbu natives. The article can be beneficial for those researchers who have a desire to study the classical languages like the Kirat Limbu Mundhum.

scholarly journals Communication Strategies Used by Iranian EFL Learners and English Native Speakers: Gender in Focus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Layla Hajiesmaeli ◽  
Laya Heidari Darani
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
The Difference

<p>This article was intended to explore the frequency and order of communication strategies used by Iranian male and female EFL earners as well as English native speakers while facing communication breakdowns. Furthermore, it was aimed to investigate the difference between native speakers and non-native speakers of English in their use of communication strategies. In addition, it was probed whether gender had any effects on the use of these strategies among native and non-native speakers. To this end, the data were collected through the communication strategy questionnaire distributed among 30 male and female Iranian intermediate EFL learners and 15 English native speakers. The design of this study was a quantitative one in which the questionnaire and thus numerical data were applied. To analyze the data, Cronbach alpha and independent-samples t-tests were used. The results indicated that non-verbal and social affective strategies were the most frequent strategies used by non-native speakers and native speakers of English, respectively. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between male and female Iranian EFL learners, but a significant difference between male and female English native speakers were seen. It can be concluded that language proficiency can contribute to the type and frequency of communications strategies which are used non-native speakers; likewise, it can play a significant role in gender differences in language use.<em></em></p>

The Human Attack in Linguistic Steganography

Cyber Crime ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 1130-1146
Author(s):  
C. Orhan Orgun ◽  
Vineeta Chand
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Linguistic Steganography ◽  
Original Message

This chapter develops a linguistically robust encryption system, Lunabel, which converts a message into syntactically and semantically innocuous text. Drawing upon linguistic criteria, Lunabel uses word replacement, with substitution classes based on traditional linguistic features (syntactic categories and subcategories), as well as features under-exploited in earlier works: semantic criteria, graphotactic structure, and inflectional class. The original message is further hidden through the use of cover texts—within these, Lunabel retains all function words and targets specific classes of content words for replacement, creating text which preserves the syntactic structure and semantic context of the original cover text. Lunabel takes advantage of cover text styles which are not expected to be necessarily comprehensible to the general public, making any semantic anomalies more opaque. This line of work has the promise of creating encrypted texts which are less detectable to human readers than earlier steganographic efforts.

The Language of Numerical Data and Figures in Internal Company Communications

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 20-35
Author(s):  
Janet Bowker
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Oral Presentations ◽  
Socially Situated ◽  
Communicative Space

Abstract This paper looks at the language used to talk about numerical data and figures as part of in-house, computer-mediated audio-conferencing between managers and their staff in corporate settings. The data consist of a sub-corpus of oral presentations taken from a much larger self-compiled multi-document corpus of business communications. The research is aimed at describing the predominant pragma-linguistic features of these accounts of graphical and numerical data, the most appropriate and effective means of identifying and tracing these, together with the ways participants subjectivize their information and create relevance for their interlocutors, in this specific multi-medial, multi-modal business context. The features focused on include temporal and locational deixis, visual and spatial imagery and the use of time and tense. Findings show that these discourse creation processes play a significant part in the multi-functional character of the presentations, in enacting evaluation, persuasion and the construal of corporate-professional roles and identities. They also reveal something about the nature of virtual professional, communicative space, and the socially-situated creation of corporate-managerial discourse.

scholarly journals Linguistic Markers and Stylistic Attributes of Hedging in English Academic Papers Written by Native and Non-Native Speakers of English

MANUSYA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Amara Prasithrathsint
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
English Academic Writing ◽  
The Impact

Hedging means mitigating words so as to lessen the impact of an utterance. It may cause uncertainty in language but is regarded as an important feature in English academic writing. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the style of academic writing in English with particular reference to the significant role of hedging and the linguistic features that mark it. The data was taken from academic articles in the humanities written by native speakers of English, Filipino speakers of English, and Thai speakers of English. It is hypothesized that speakers of English as a foreign language use fewer and different hedging devices than native speakers of English. The result of the analysis shows that the prominent linguistic markers of hedging are the auxiliaries may, might, could, the verbs suggest, appear, seem, and the adverbs perhaps and often. They are divided into three groups according to their stylistic attributes of hedging; namely, probability, indetermination, and approximation. The use of hedging found in the data confirms what Hyman (1994) says; i.e., that hedging allows writers to express their uncertainty about the truth of their statements. It is also found that English native speakers use hedges most frequently. The Filipino speakers of English are the second, and the Thai speakers of English use hedges the least frequency. This implies that hedging is likely to be related to the level of competence in English including knowledge of stylistic variation, and that it needs to be formally taught to those who speak English as a second or foreign language.

scholarly journals Emerging linguistic features of Sao Tome and Principe Sign Language

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Mineiro ◽  
Patrícia Carmo ◽  
Cristina Caroça ◽  
Mara Moita ◽  
Sara Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Common Sign ◽  
Set Up

Abstract In Sao Tome and Principe there are approximately five thousand deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. Until recently, these people had no language to use among them other than basic home signs used only to communicate with their families. With this communication gap in mind, a project was set up to help them come together in a common space in order to create a dedicated environment for a common sign language to emerge. In less than two years, the first cohort began to sign and to develop a newly emerging sign language – the Sao Tome and Principe Sign Language (LGSTP). Signs were elicited by means of drawings and pictures and recorded from the beginning of the project. The emergent structures of signs in this new language were compared with those reported for other emergent sign languages such as the Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language and the Lengua de Señas de Nicaragua, and several similarities were found at the first stage. In this preliminary study on the emergence of LGSTP, it was observed that, in its first stage, signs are mostly iconic and exhibit a greater involvement of the articulators and a larger signing space when compared with subsequent stages of LGSTP emergence and with other sign languages. Although holistic signs are the prevalent structure, compounding seems to be emerging. At this stage of emergence, OSV seems to be the predominant syntactic structure of LGSTP. Yet the data suggest that new signers exhibit difficulties in syntactic constructions with two arguments.

Regiolect vs dialect: new searches of ethnolinguists (reflections on the book: Donetsk Regiolect: monograph / edited by V.I. Terkulov. – Donetsk: Folio, 2018. – 265 p.)

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 836-845
Author(s):  
Vasilii I. Suprun
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
The Relationship

We consider the relationship between the terms regiolect and dialect, and note that the regiolect has the following features: 1) geographically limited, found only on the territory of the subethnos’ residence; 2) socially limited, is the speech of people who consider themselves as a subethnos; 3) has homogeneous linguistic features; 4) may have prestige associated with positive ideas of native speakers about their subethnos; 5) has its own onomastic space consisting of special models of onym formation and onyms characteristic only for this subethnos; 6) includes dialects with some specific linguistic features, but do not destroy the homogeneous unity of folk speech; 7) presented in folklore, artistic and publicistic texts. In the book review of Donetsk linguists “Donetsk Regiolect” we note that the authors convincingly prove the existence of analyzed idiom., which: 1) is limited to the territory of Donbass; 2) is based on the professionally colored speech of miners; 3) is quite homogeneous, distributed throughout the region; 4) is positively evaluated by native speakers who are careful about the words and phrases of their Donetsk speech; 5) has a rich onymic space; 6) has a consistently used katoikonym донбассовцы (and донбассцы), which reveals ethnonymic features; 7) operates outside of Russia; 8) includes some phenomena of the neighboring Ukrainian language; 9) is convincingly presented in folklore, artistic and publicistic texts.

scholarly journals Maduranese Language Speech Level: A Sociolinguistic Study In Language Variety

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Eko Heriyanto ◽  
Didit Kurniadi ◽  
Naela Hidayatul Mukaraomah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study investigates the analysis of speech level found in Maduranese language in accordance with the study of sociolinguistics. The speech level highly correlates with language variety which becomes one of the issues in sociolinguistics study. The researcher also tried to find out the influencing factors of Maduranese speech level and language variety in it. Hence, this research belongs to qualitative research which applied descriptive qualitative method. The method of collecting data was document/literature review through particular documents that have relation with the analysis of this research. To enhance the result of analysis, the researcher also conducted interview with the native speakers of Maduranese language. The finding of this research revealed that language variety occurs in the speech level of Maduranese language. Further, there are three speech levels in Madura which has similar type with the speech level in Java such as ngoko, krama madya and krama inggil. This kind of variations are caused by its use among different social classes or status among the society.

scholarly journals SVIATOSLAV KARAVANSKYI: THE PROBLEM OF SPELLING AND LEXICOGRAPHIC CODIFICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
I. D. Farion
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Political Figure

Purpose and tasks. The purpose is to actualize the linguistic heritage of S. Karavanskyi as a basis for further prescriptive linguistic research. Among the tasks is the analysis of spelling and lexicographic codification in the works of a linguist. The object of our study is the linguistic heritage of Sviatoslav Karavanskyi, who after more than 30 years of Moscow-Stalin concentration camps and 37 years of American emigration carried, preserved and motivated the specific linguistic norm of the constantly destroyed Ukrainian language and its native speakers. The subject of our research is spelling and lexicographic codification of the first third of the XX-XXI century in the works of S. Karavanskyi. When processing the material, we use the analytical and descriptive method. Conclusions and prospects of the study. Spelling issues in the works of S. Karavanskyi have a substantiated ideological basis, which is to reflect the spelling of specific rather than assimilative (“destructive”) features caused by the occupation and totalitarian regime of the 30-80s of the XX century. Spelling assimilation and the necessity to remove it is to change the phonetic-morphological and syntactic structure of the Ukrainian language, in particular phonetic, morphological, word-formation and syntactic changes. The lexicographic codification of the linguist is evidenced by his two fundamental works: “Practical Dictionary of Synonyms of the Ukrainian Language” and “RussianUkrainian Dictionary of Complex Vocabulary”. The main methodological basis for compiling these dictionaries is the specificity of Ukrainian vocabulary in its resistance to codification in dictionaries of “pseudo-language” imposed on Ukrainians during the ethnocide policy and exposing Soviet lexicography as the main “tool of Ukrainian linguicide”. Among the prospects of our study is a holistic linguistic and political portrait of a linguist and socio-political figure.

scholarly journals Linguistic Typology of the Limbu Mundhum: A Diglossic Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-213
Author(s):  
Mohan Kumar Tumbahang
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Linguistic Typology ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Religious Text ◽  
Language Variety

This paper aims at looking into varieties of the Mundhum language and reasons for its intricacies to the Limbu natives. The study attempts to follow the qualitative research design which involves collecting non-numerical data especially the religious text or discourse for analysis and interpretation. After the related data were collected, the linguistic theory specifically linguistic typology is used to analyze, compare and interpret them. The findings ofthis study indicated that the Mundhum or the religious scripture of the Limbu community does have a specific language variety which emerges out from the diglossic situation. According to the diglossic situation, the Mundhum serves as the high variety. This high variety is employed in formal social functions and ritual performances. To the contrary, the ordinary languagevariety of Limbu is used in every day communicative purposes and this type of speech variety is considered to be low variety in the sociolinguistics' field. There are certain reasons which make it very complicated to the natives to comprehend the Mundhum. Inquisitive individual’s in the study of typological linguistics of the religious text are expected to get help from this study.

scholarly journals Code-Mixing and Code-Switching of Indonesian Celebrities: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Nana Yuliana ◽  
Amelia Rosa Luziana ◽  
Pininto Sarwendah
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
Group I ◽  
Foreign Language Skill ◽  
Group Ii

Foreign language skill presents a language variety called code-mixing and code-switching. The purpose of this study was to get some information to identify the types of code mixing and code switching frequently used by Indonesian celebrities. The study was divided into two groups. Group I was inclusive of the celebrities with native speakers parents and Group II comprised celebrities capable of speaking two or more languages. The qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze the code mixing and code switching with different frequency. It can be concluded that Group II use code-mixing and code-switching with a different frequency and speak foreign language more active.

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