scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of sophorolipids against Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens, and their effect on growth performance and gut health in necrotic enteritis

2022 ◽  
pp. 101731
Author(s):  
Inkyung Park ◽  
Sungtaek Oh ◽  
Hyoyoun Nam ◽  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Hyun S. Lillehoj
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Eimeria Maxima ◽  
Effect On Growth

scholarly journals Supplementing Garlic Nanohydrogel Optimized Growth, Gastrointestinal Integrity and Economics and Ameliorated Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Using a Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Eman Khalifa ◽  
Shaimaa A. Abd El-Kader ◽  
Dalia Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Lesion

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) results in impaired bird growth performance and increased production costs. Nanotechnology application in the poultry industry to control NE outbreaks is still not completely clarified. Therefore, the efficacy of dietary garlic nano-hydrogel (G-NHG) on broilers growth performance, intestinal integrity, economic returns and its potency to alleviate C. perfringens levels using NE challenge model were addressed. A total of 1200 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into six groups; four supplemented with 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of G-NHG/kg diet and co-challenged with C. perfringens at 21, 22 and 23 d of age and two control groups fed basal diet with or without C. perfringens challenge. Over the total growing period, the 400 mg/kg G-NHG group had the most improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency regardless of challenge. Parallel with these results, the mRNA expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes (alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) and intestinal barriers (junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin and mucin-2 (Muc-2)) were increased in groups fed G-NHG at higher levels to be nearly similar to those in the unchallenged group. At 14 d post challenge, real-time PCR results revealed that inclusion of G-NHG led to a dose-dependently decrease in the C. perfringens population, thereby decreasing the birds’ intestinal lesion score and mortality rates. Using 400 mg/kg of G-NHG remarkably ameliorated the adverse effects of NE caused by C. perfringens challenge, which contributed to better growth performance of challenged birds with rational economic benefits.

scholarly journals Supplemental Bacillus subtilis PB6 Improves Growth Performance and Gut Health in Broilers Challenged with Clostridium perfringens

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Zheng Luo ◽  
Dan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
High Dosage Group

Clostridium perfringens (CP) is the principal pathogenic bacterium of chicken necrotic enteritis (NE), which causes substantial economic losses in poultry worldwide. Although probiotics are known to provide multiple benefits, little is known about the potential effects of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) application in preventing CP-induced necrotic enteritis. In this study, 450 male Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 5 experimental treatments: A: basal diet (control group); B: basal diet and CP challenge (model group); C: CP challenge+10 mg/kg enramycin (positive control group); D: CP challenge+ 4 × 10 7   CFU / kg of feed B. subtilis PB6 (PB6 low-dosage group); and E: CP challenge+ 6 × 10 7   CFU / kg of feed B. subtilis PB6 (PB6 high-dosage group). There were 6 replicate pens per treatment with 15 broilers per pen. The present research examined the effect of Bacillus subtilis PB6 (B. subtilis PB6) on growth performance, mRNA expression of intestinal cytokines and tight junctions, and gut flora composition in broilers challenged with CP. The entire experiment was divided into two phases: the non-CP challenge phase (d0–18) and the CP challenge phase (d18–26). PB6 did not increase the growth performance during the first stage, but the PB6 high-dosage group was found to have larger body weight gain and ADFI during the CP challenge stage. Feed supplementation with PB6 reduced the lesion score of challenged chicks, with increased tight junction-related gene expression (occludin and ZO-1) and decreased TNF-α expression compared with CP-infected birds. A decrease in the abundance of Clostridium XI, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus was observed after CP infection ( P < 0.05 ), while supplementation with PB6 restored the ileal microbial composition. In conclusion, administration of B. subtilis PB6 improved growth performance, enhanced intestinal barrier function, and mitigated intestinal inflammation/lesions, which might be due to its restoring effects on the ileal microbial composition in CP-challenged broilers.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Maltol on Innate Immunity, Gut Health, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Eimeria maxima

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkyung Park ◽  
Doyun Goo ◽  
Hyoyoun Nam ◽  
Samiru S. Wickramasuriya ◽  
Kichoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Eimeria Maxima

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of maltol as a postbiotic on innate immunity, gut health, and enteric infection. In the first study, an in vitro culture system was used to evaluate the effects of maltol on the innate immune response of chicken macrophage cells (CMC), gut integrity of chicken intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), anti-parasitic activity against Eimeria maxima, and differentiation of quail muscle cells (QMC) and primary chicken embryonic muscle cells (PMC). All cells seeded in the 24-well plates were treated with maltol at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μg. CMC and IEC were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide to induce an innate immune response, and QMC and PMC were treated with 0.5 and 2% fetal bovine serum, respectively. After 18 h of incubation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, tight junction proteins (TJPs), and muscle cell growth markers were measured. In the second study, the dietary effect of maltol was evaluated on disease parameters in broiler chickens infected with E. maxima. Eighty male 1-day-old broiler chickens were allocated into the following four treatment groups: (1) Control group without infection, (2) Basal diet with E. maxima, (3) High maltol (HI; 10.0 mg /kg feed) with E. maxima, and (4) Low maltol (LO; 1.0 mg/kg feed) with E. maxima. Body weights (BW) were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 20, and 22. All chickens except the CON group were orally infected with 104E. maxima per chicken on day 14. Jejunum samples were collected for gut lesion scoring, and the gene expression of cytokines and TJPs. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. In vitro, maltol not only increased TJPs in IEC and cytokines in the LPS-stimulated CMC but also showed direct cytotoxicity against sporozoites of E. maxima. In vivo, the HI group improved the BW, reduced the gut lesion scores and fecal oocyst shedding, and decreased jejunal TNFSF15 and IL-1β expression in E. maxima-infected chickens. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the beneficial effects of dietary maltol in the enhancement of growth performance, gut health, and coccidiosis resistance and the applicability of maltol as a postbiotic for the replacement of antibiotic growth promoters in commercial poultry production.

scholarly journals Effects of cLFchimera, a recombinant antimicrobial peptide, on intestinal morphology, microbiota, and gene expression of immune cells and tight junctions in broiler chickens challenged with C. perfringens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Daneshmand ◽  
Hassan Kermanshahi ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Sekhavati ◽  
Ali Javadmanesh ◽  
Monireh Ahmadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Junctional Proteins ◽  
Challenge Group

AbstractThe current study was conducted to investigate the effects of cLFchimera, a recombinant antimicrobial peptide (AMP), on various productive performance and gut health attributes of broilers experimentally challenged with Clostridium perfringens (Cp). Three hundred and sixty 1-day-old chickens were randomly allocated to 4 treatments of 6 replicates as follows: T1) unchallenged group fed with corn-soybean meal (CSM) without Cp challenge and additives; T2) challenge group fed with CSM and challenged with Cp without any additives; T3) peptide group challenged with NE supplemented with 20 mg cLF36/kg diet (AMP); T4) antibiotic group challenged with NE and supplemented with 45 mg antibiotic (bacitracin methylene disalicylate)/kg diet (antibiotic). Birds had free access to feed and water, sampling for villi morphology and ileal microbiota were performed on days 10 and 22, while jejunal section was sampled for gene expression of cytokines, tight junctions proteins, and mucin only on day 22. Results showed that AMP ameliorated NE-related lesion in the jejunum and ileum and reduced mortality in challenged birds compared to challenge group with Cp without any additives. Also, supplementing challenged birds with AMP improved growth performance and reconstructed villi morphology. While antibiotic non-selectively reduced the count of bacteria, AMP positively restored ileal microflora in favor of good bacteria (i.e. Bifidobacteria spp. and Lactobacillus spp.). AMP beneficially regulated the expression of cytokines, junctional proteins, and mucin in the jejunum of challenged birds with Cp. Since cLFchimera ameliorated NE lesion score, reduced mortality, improved productive performance and gut health attributes in chickens compared to challenged group and also were mostly similar with those of antibiotics and therefore, it could be concluded that this chimeric peptide can be a worthy candidate to substitute growth promoter antibiotics, while more research is required to unveil the exact mode of action of this synthetic peptide.Author summaryNecrotic enteritis (NE) is a detrimental enteric disease in the poultry industry worldwide. The etiological factor of this disease is Clostridium perfringens, which is gram-positive anaerobic bacterium. This bacterium is common inhabitant of the intestine in lower counts (105), but it becomes pathogenic in higher counts and can secrete NetB toxin, which is the main cause of inducing NE in broilers. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, new generation of antimicrobial additives such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been introduced to the poultry industry. AMPs are small molecules with 12-50 amino acids having antibacterial activity. Recently, we extracted new AMP from camel milk, expressed in E. coli, refined and lyophilized to produce purified peptides. The current study investigated the effects of this peptide on prevention of NE in broilers. Results showed that AMP ameliorated lesion scores in the intestine and reduced mortality in challenged birds. AMP improved growth performance and reconstructed villi morphology in NE-challenged broilers. While antibiotic non-selectively reduced the count of bacteria, AMP positively restored ileal microflora. AMP beneficially regulated the expression of cytokines, junctional proteins, and mucin in the jejunum of NE-challenged birds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document