Analisis Kelimpahan Dan Keanekaragaman Perifiton Rawa Bangkau Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan Kalimantan Selatan

Periphyton group are biota communities that be able adapt and grow well in lentic waters. Their habits are adhere to a permanent location. Aquatic vegetation in Bangkau can influenced the periphyton abundance and diversity as natural food in the food chain. The purpose of this study was to analyzed abundance and diversity of Periphyton from different aquatic vegetation. The research was conducted in three stations by purposive sampling. The method used was quantitative explored. The data that has been taken were epiphythic periphyton samples. Periphyton sampling procedures, preservation, and analysis were carried out based on Indonesian National Standard methods. Bangkau’s peatland had the highest abundance of phytoplankton-periphyton (9982 sel/liter) in inlet, but low at middle station (778 sel/liter). Zooplankton-periphyton (553 sel/liter) in middle station was the highest abundance whereas in outlet station (153 sel/liter) was the lowest. Bacillariophyceae had predominant and always attendanced Oscillatoria, Closterium, Planktonella, Diatom, meanwhile zooplankton-periphyton dominated Ciliophora in all stations and sampling. Diversity index of phytoplankton-periphyton in inlet station (1,55) was the highest and in inlet (0,77) was the lowest. Zooplankton-periphyton in middle (1,76) and outlet (0,94) was different based on Shannon wiener’s Index. The abundance index of Bangkau were mesotrophic categorized for phytoplankton-periphyton and oligotrophic for zooplankton-periphyton. Due to the low level of species diversity (H’≤ 3) showed moderate stability and for the water quality conditions was moderate polluted.

BIODIVERSITICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF NATURALIZED SHRUB, ATI BALA (ABUTILON INDICUM) IN AGRA (UP) INDIA

For the study of Biodiversity characterization and Biochemical analysis, the natural herb was transplanted at Botanical Garden, R.B.S. College, Agra. For the study of species diversity at four natural sites of Agra district, four formulae were used to study the maximum and minimum diversity of species at its natural sites. Shannon Wienner’s Index, Menhinick’s Index, Margalef’s Index value at four different sites was given in Table -1. These values determined the biodiversity variation at natural sites in Abutilon indium. The values of Moisture contents (%), Oil content (%) and Protein concentration (μ”/ml) in Abutilon indicum were also determined with variation at biochemical level Table -2. With the help of SDS-PAGE, in four samples of seeds of Abutilon indicum from four natural sites ( Bichpuri site -Lane 1, Kailash site -Lane 2, Kheria site - Lane 3, Chhalesar site - Lane 4). The total no. of protein bands showed diversity in Abutilon indicum plant in Table: 3. Shannon- Wiener’s Index, Menhinick’s Index, Margalei’s Index and Similarity Index (S) were applied to determine the distribution patterns and concentrations of wild species to pinpoint the diversity built-up and variation in the gene pool and identifying sites for in-situ conservation. The present work determined the status of diversity of experimental herb at particular four sites the need to conserve this diversity for current and future use.

Feeding ecology of the culpeo in southern Ecuador: wild ungulates being the main prey

This study details for the first time the food habits of the culpeo or Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) in high areas of the Ecuadorian Andes during a complete annual cycle. Our objective was to identify prey species, calculate their contribution to diet and test for temporal variation. In total, 304 Andean fox scats were collected within the Podocarpus National Park (Loja province, southern Ecuador). By analysing the content of scats 413 prey items were identified and classified into eight prey groups. Sub-sequently, the frequency of occurrence (FO) for each prey group was calculated per month together with the relative contribution of estimated consumed biomass (CB). In addition, the Shannon-Wiener’s index was calculated as a measurement of monthly diet diversity. The results show a diet dominated by cervids belonging to the Mazama and Pudu genus (70% FO), followed by small mammals (30% FO), large rodents (12% FO), carnivorous species (10% FO) and lagomorphs (8% FO). There was temporal variation in the consumption of both deer and small mammals. Cervids also provided the major part of the consumed biomass (70% CB), the remaining prey categories each accounted for less than 11% CB. Negative correlations in consumption were observed between cervids and two other groups, rabbits and small mammals. Trophic diversity values fluctuated throughout the year showing a mean of 1.7. The results obtained show a diets very different from those previously reported; deer being the bulk of the diet instead of rodents or other mammals. The consumption of carnivorous species in the area was also high in comparison with other regions. Overall, this study clearly demonstrates that the culpeo is an important top predator in the high-Andean ecosystem.

ЕCOLOGICAL STATUS ASSESSMENT OF THE GRADAC RIVER (WESTERN SERBIA) BASED ON AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES

Река Градац је прва већа притока Колубаре и протиче кроз брдско-планински крај јужноод Ваљева (јужна Србија). Захваљујући одсуству значајнијих загађивача и са клисуром која јепод заштитом државе као резерват природе, ова крашка река се сматра једним од неколицинесачуваних „скоро природних“ водотокова у Србији. Циљ овог рада је да се на основу анализеприсутних заједница водених макробескичмењака провери „референтни“ статус Градца. У тусврху у мају 2015. године је узоркована заједница водених макробескичмењака са петлокалитета дуж реке Градац и њене две саставнице (Буковска река и Забава). За оценуеколошког статуса коришћени су следећи показатељи: сапробни индекс по Зелинка-Марвану(Zelinka & Marvan ; SI), BMWP индекс, ASPT индекс, EPT индекс (број таксона група Ephemeroptera,Plecoptera и Trichoptera), укупни број таксона, учешће представника групеOligochaeta (Tubificidae) у заједници, број фамилија и Шанон-Винеров индекс диверзитета(Shannon-Wiener’s index; SWI). У нашем истраживању идентификовано је укупно 55 таксонаводених макробескичмењака. Инсекти су се издвојили као најбројнија компонента дате фауне.Међу инсектима група водених цветова (Ephemeroptera) се показала као најзначајнија, како подиверзитету (14 таксона), тако и по релативној бројности (40% укупне заједнице). На основуизрачунатих показатеља еколошког статуса, статус реке Градац је оцењен као веома добар (Iкласа) и добар (II класа). На овај начин потврђени су резултати претходних истраживања овереке, која се са правом сматра једним од очуванијих водотокова Србије.

Preliminary Observations on the Family Mormyridae in Oyan Dam Lake (Nigeria)

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the abundance, distribution, diversity and condition factor of Mormyrids in Oyan Dam lake, Abeokuta North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The fish were sampled from the catches of the fishermen in Oyan Dam lake, which used gillnets of 30-80 mm laterally stretched mesh size. The fish were sampled monthly between February and September 2011, at two different sites (Imala and Ibaro). The results revealed that a total number of 100 fishes of six species belonging to the family Mormyridae were collected. Numerically, catches were dominated by Mormyrus rume (34%), Hyperopisus bebe (30%) and Petrocephalus bane (24%). Together, these species comprised 88% of all collected individuals. Marcusenius ihuysi was rare and least in number representing 1% of the fish caught. The results showed that only four species were recorded in the dry season, namely Mormyrus rume, Hyperopisus bebe, Petrocephalus bane and Mormyrus deliciosus while five species were recorded in the wet season particularly in September. Mormyrus deliciosus, was not recorded in the wet season. In terms of body weight, the highest mean value was recorded for Mormyrus deliciosus (435.71 ± 95.71), followed by Mormyrus rume (143.82 ± 5.55) and Hyperopisus bebe (123.5 ± 5.26) while Petrocephalus bane was the least one (95.00 ± 8.56). The results also showed that the condition factor during the wet season (4.18) was higher than the condition factor of the dry season (3.51). Simpson’s index was used to determine the species richness, while Shannon-Wiener’s Index was used to evaluate species diversity; species evenness was equally evaluated using Pielou’s Index. The indices of diversity included (d) = 0.31 and 0.23, H = 1.18 and 1.53 and E = 0.851 and 0.853 respectively for the two sites at Oyan Dam lake. The estimates from these indices indicated a low fish species composition and richness, also unevenness in the population of Mormyrids in Oyan Dam lake. Therefore, it will be advisable to regulate the activities of fishers in the water body to allow future increase in the abundance of this species.

River channel habitat diversity (RCHD) and macroinvertebrate community

Correspondence of habitat and macroinvertebrate diversity was investigated in twenty Czech rivers. With regard to the importance of river characteristics (depth, current velocity and substratum) River Channel Habitat Diversity method was developed within this paper. The method is focused directly on the stream wetted channel and it assesses habitat diversity and richness computed as Shannon-Wiener’s index. Macroinvertebrate samples were taken by the national PERLA method at each study site, diversity index was also calculated and compared with habitat and substrate diversity. Habitat diversity was important for macroinvertebrate communities according to multivariate assessment, but contrary to the hypothesis it was not significantly correlated with macroinvertebrate diversity. Based on the results, broader rivers had lower habitat diversity than smaller streams, and were more influenced by human activities (lower habitat diversity, higher pollution). Results obtained by the RCHD and RHS methods were not significantly correlated.

TOPOLOGICAL MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OF ALPHA-1 ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF ARYLPIPERAZINES

The relationship between Wiener's index — a distance-based topological descriptor, Zagreb group parameter — M 1, an adjacency-based topological descriptor, and eccentric connectivity index — an adjacency-cum-distance based topological descriptor, with the alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonistic activity of arylpiperazines has been investigated. A training set, comprising 30 analogues, of substituted arylpiperazines was selected for the present investigations. The values of the Wiener's index, Zagreb group parameter and eccentric connectivity index and each of 30 analogues comprising the data set were computed. Resulting data was analyzed and suitable models developed after identification of active range. Subsequently, a biological activity was assigned to each analogue involved in the data set using these models, which was then compared with the reported adrenoceptor antagonistic activity. High accuracy of prediction ranging from 90–93% was observed using these models.