Demographic Process of Population Ageing in Nepal

Population ageing is known as gradual increase in the proportion of the elderly population aged 60 years and above in the total population. In demographic process this study attempts to examine how demographic indicators i.e fertility and mortality explain the process of population ageing by subnational level in Nepal. In addition, the study also tries to assess the ageing parameters such as index of ageing, old age dependency ratio, and median age after 20 years to examine the speed of ageing process in population. This study follows descriptive and exploratory research design based on the existing data sheet of National Population Census, 2001 & 2011 and also uses other previous censuses' data collected by CBS to explore the trends in these demographic indicators and parameters. Based on almost all these indicators, this study suggests that Nepal is already in the process of population ageing. Fertility and mortality are declining with increasing in life expectancy. The growth rate of the old aged population is higher than the national population growth rate by over three-fold. Similarly, almost all the parameters of ageing seem gradually increasing over the year, which makes the conformation that greater proportion of elderly individuals in the population. This trend seems in all over the sub regions of the country but in different manner. As compared with other pace in process of population ageing is higher in Hill region and, province 3. At last study conclude population ageing is driven with the transition of the fertility and mortality where the level of fertility and mortality seems low with high life expectancy the proportion of aged population is higher and vice versa.

The Role of Sectors in the Socio-Demographic Process of Nukus

It is natural that all modern small towns move to the level of megacities. The city of Nukus is trying to accept this status on the basis of its socio-demographic process, but it is natural that the bigger the city, the more problems. The main challenge for the rise of Nukus to the level of a megalopolis is to determine the evolutionary demographic growth of the population, to study the climatic conditions, to identify and improve the social infrastructure of the population. The climate of the urban nature, the social infrastructure of the population, the areas and shortcomings of each sector were studied. The result of the active movement of sectors to implement the state program in all areas of the city will serve to prepare for the level of the megalopolis.

Medical and social indicators of the reproductive potential of the female population of the region (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan)

Aim. To analyze the dynamic changes in medical and social indicators of the reproductive potential of the female population, markers of trends in the formation of the medical and demographic process in the region. Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of literary sources that determine the general trend in the demographic situation in the country, as well as information from statistical collections of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Health of Russia and Tatarstan. The analytical and statistical methods (descriptive statistics, student criterion, trend analysis) were used in the study. Results. It was revealed that the fertility rate of women living in rural areas decreased by dynamics (between 1991 and 2017, from 79.9 to 42.3 per 1000 women aged 1549; p 0.05). Before 2014, the indicator for rural residents was higher than that for urban women. Since 2015, the trend has been reversed: among urban women it has become higher than among those living in rural areas, which correlates with the birth rate in urban and rural areas. Percentage of live births from 1991 to 2017 in women of early reproductive age (up to 20 years) decreased among urban women from 11.3 to 3.7% (p 0.05), among rural women from 10.0 to 5.8% (p 0.05); among urban women in the age group 2024 years from 35.4 to 27.1% (p 0.05), among rural women of the same age from 40.9 to 34.2% (p 0.05). In the observed period, percentage of live births among women of the older reproductive age increased both among residents of cities and in rural areas. Percentage of births by birth order was changed: in urban areas accounted for 55.9% of the first child, in rural areas 44.3%; for the second child 35.1% and 34.2%, respectively; for third and more children 9 and 21.5%. Conclusion. The analysis of medical and social indicators of the reproductive potential of the female population and markers of trends in the formation of the medical and demographic process in the region suggests a decrease in fertility rate (fertility) with an increase in the mean age of women at childbirth.

Mathematical modeling of a one-dimensional demographic process

The specifics of the current stage of society connects with significant changes in directions and internal scales and interstate migration of the population. In this regard population migration processes between the two states are exploring in a one-dimensional case. Now the scientific literature offers different mathematical models of these processes [1]. However, we will use diffusion models for modeling these processes.

SOCIAL-DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE HUNGER OF 1931-1933 YEAR IN THE AKTOBE REGION

This article is devoted to the problems of hunger in Kazakhstan in 1930s. The author has analyzed the works of local and foreign historians and researchers regarding the topic of hunger in 1931-1933, and provided historical data given by individual authors. Apart from this, the author draws attention to the fact that this problem of the Soviet times was not objectively assessed. The archival data used by the author indicate that the collectivization of the Soviet totalitarian regime led to hunger and the complete death of Kazakh villages. It analyzed statistical data reflecting the decline in livestock on Aktobe region. The article also provides digital data on he demographic process caused by hunger.

Language and Archaeology

Archaeology and historical linguistics have been crucial for the reconstruction of pre-colonial African history, as these two disciplines offer complementary approaches to societies of the past. Despite being fundamentally distinct, they do in fact share a number of key principles and concepts, such as stratigraphy, seriation, geographic distribution, and time-depth. This chapter offers an outline of these shared principles and their interpretation with reference to the Bantu Expansion, which was the main linguistic, cultural, and demographic process in Late Holocene Africa. The chapter also provides some thoughts on what a judicious interdisciplinary archaeo-linguistic approach to the African past might look like.

DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE USSR IN THE 1920-1930S: ON THE PROBLEM OF MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY

The article discusses the main trends in the formation and development of a new direction of historical science - historical demography. The purpose of the article is to review scientific papers related to the study of the stated issues. Their general characteristics are given, and key issues are highlighted. The role and significance of socio - historical factors in the demographic process of the first half of the XX century in different regions of the USSR on the example of Kalmykia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan are revealed. A historiographical assessment of losses during the demographic crisis in the USSR in the first half of the 1930s is given.

EXAMPLES OF POPULATION PROCESS SELECTIVITY IN THE DEMOGRAPHICS COURSE

The article discusses the necessity to refer to the notion of demographic process selectivity in the Demography course at the bachelor’s degree program, examples of selectivity manifestation of various demographic processes are given.