DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE USSR IN THE 1920-1930S: ON THE PROBLEM OF MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
EKATERINA N. BADMAEVA ◽  
◽  
ELLARA U. OMAKAEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic History ◽  
Historical Demography ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Demographic Process ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues

The article discusses the main trends in the formation and development of a new direction of historical science - historical demography. The purpose of the article is to review scientific papers related to the study of the stated issues. Their general characteristics are given, and key issues are highlighted. The role and significance of socio - historical factors in the demographic process of the first half of the XX century in different regions of the USSR on the example of Kalmykia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan are revealed. A historiographical assessment of losses during the demographic crisis in the USSR in the first half of the 1930s is given.

scholarly journals (A)Historical Science

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 4460-4464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
Ferric C. Fang
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Science History ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of

In contrast to many other human endeavors, science pays little attention to its history. Fundamental scientific discoveries are often considered to be timeless and independent of how they were made. Science and the history of science are regarded as independent academic disciplines. Although most scientists are aware of great discoveries in their fields and their association with the names of individual scientists, few know the detailed stories behind the discoveries. Indeed, the history of scientific discovery is sometimes recorded only in informal accounts that may be inaccurate or biased for self-serving reasons. Scientific papers are generally written in a formulaic style that bears no relationship to the actual process of discovery. Here we examine why scientists should care more about the history of science. A better understanding of history can illuminate social influences on the scientific process, allow scientists to learn from previous errors, and provide a greater appreciation for the importance of serendipity in scientific discovery. Moreover, history can help to assign credit where it is due and call attention to evolving ethical standards in science. History can make science better.

scholarly journals Military and Diplomatic History of the Khalkhin Gol War of 1939: New Concept of Mongolian Historian and Government Leader - R. Bold (Review of R. Bolds book «Limited War: The Military-Diplomatic History of the Battle at the Khalkhin Gol River». Moscow, The whole world, 2019. 568 p.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-176
Author(s):  
Yuriy Kuzmin ◽  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Avirmed Davaasuren
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Limited War ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Government Leader ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military

More than 80 years have passed since notorious military events on the Khalkhin-Gol river in which four states took part: on the one hand, Japan and Manchukuo, on the other, the USSR and Mongolia. International scientific conferences were timed to coincide with this event, a lot of research was done, and relevant scientific papers were published. One of them was the book of Doctor of Historical Science R. Bold, «Limited War: The Military Diplomatic History of the Battle of the Khalkhin-Gol River», published by the Whole World Publishing House (2019 - 568 pp.), which proposed a slightly different interpretation of the historical battles at the Khalkhin-Gol river (May-September 1939). This article is a brief analysis of this book and a kind of review of it.

A Grave for the King and His People: Documenting the Excavation of the Tsuki-no-wa Tomb (1953-1954)

2021 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Anastasia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Postwar Japan ◽  
The People ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Okayama Prefecture ◽  
Archeological Site

In the summer of 1953, the small village of Yukamura in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, became a major archeological site. The excavation of the Tsuki-no-wa tomb (created in late 4th — early 5th century) was initiated by the local residents with no professional training in archeology. The project became one of the most ambitious and successful endeavors of the People’s History Movement (kokumin-teki rekishigaku undo) led by the Marxist historians in early 1950s in Japan. The “memory” of the excavation has been meticulously documented in scientific papers, tourist pamphlets, individual memoirs, as well as in the film. A short documentary, The Tsuki-no-wa Tomb (1954), was created at the behest of the people involved in the project. While the film was favorably received by the critics, the Minister of Education refused to grant it with an official “recommendation.” Today the short documentary is considered a symbol of the political and cultural mainstream, which adheres to the ideas of social equality and democracy, the importance of a scientific approach, the concept of the “monoethnic” origins of Japan, and the symbolic status of the emperor. In this paper, the paradoxical role of the Japanese leftists in supporting the dominant worldview is examined though the study of The Tsuki-no-wa Tomb. Through analyzing the cinematic text, as well as the history of its production and reception, we come to a better understanding of the ideological and organizational underpinnings of the People’s History Movement, illuminating the film’s role in the development of historical science and documentary filmmaking in postwar Japan.

Study of the Historical Demography of Kyrgyzstan in the 20th — Early 21st Centuries. Part one

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
R.T. Elemanova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Demography ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article is the first part of the study, which examines the issues related to the study of the history of population and historical demography of Kyrgyzstan. The emphasis is made on the issues of historiography on the basis of scientific literature on the problems of history and demography of Kyrgyzstan in the 20th — 21st centuries. The analysis and assessment of the main demographic indicators of the population of Kyrgyzstan in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods is considered, the process of change in demographic policy, as well as its impact on the socio-economic situation in the republic, are analyzed. It is concluded that the historiography of the historical demography of Kyrgyzstan is based on macro approaches to the study of demography processes, which was typical for Soviet historical science as a whole. The main problems of studying the history of the population of Kyrgyzstan, to which researchers were addressed, were the population census, changes in the number and distribution of the Kyrgyz, the impact of the 1916 uprising. on the demographic development of the Kyrgyz people, the settlement of nomads on the land, socio-cultural changes in Kyrgyzstan and their impact on the change of demographic characteristics. Much attention was also paid to public policy in the field of governance and influence on demographic processes.

TO THE 80TH ANNIVERSARY OF A. V. SHILOV, SCIENTIST, HISTORIAN, LOCAL LORE SPECIALIST (WITH THE FULL LIST OF HIS SCIENTIFIC PAPERS ATTACHED)

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-156
Author(s):  
SERGEY RYAZANOV
Keyword(s):  
Research University ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Full List ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Perm State National Research ◽  
History Of

The article examines the lifepath, teaching and scientific activities of A. V. Shilov, Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of the Department of Ancient and Modern History of Russia at the Perm State National Research University. The article observes an assessment of his contribution to the study of the Ural region and to historical science in general. A complete list of his scientific works is provided as an appendix to the article.

scholarly journals Study of the Historical Demography of Kyrgyzstan in the 20th — Early 21st Centuries. Part Two

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
R.T. Elemanova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Historical Demography ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Further Development

The article is the second part of the study, which examines the issues related to the study of the history of population and historical demography of Kyrgyzstan. The emphasis is made on the issues of historiography on the basis of scientific literature on the history and demography of Kyrgyzstan in the 20th — 21st centuries. The analysis and assessment of the main demographic indicators of the population of Kyrgyzstan in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods is considered, the processes of change in demographic policy, as well as its impact on the socio-economic situation in the republic, are analyzed. It is concluded that the historiography of the historiography of the historical demography of Kyrgyzstan is based on macro approached to the study of demographic processes, which was typical for Soviet historical science as a whole. For the further development of historical demography in Kyrgyzstan, it is necessary to expand the methodological toolkit, in particular, an appeal to primary sources and modern information technologies. In historiography, in the last decade, theoretical and methodological issues of the application of GIS technology in historical research experiments have been developed and supported.

Послестолетийодиночества:изменение социальнойпсихологиисирийскиххристианвновоевремя

2019 ◽  
pp. 218-255
Author(s):  
T.Yu. Kobischanov
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The World ◽  
Psychological Transformation ◽  
History Of

Quite often in the course of historical events, social and economic changes obscure the changes in cultural psychology of ethnic groups and their representatives. The historical science explains what happened, how and why it was happening but very rarely gives us a chance to understand what people were feeling in this respect, what processes were going on in their individual and common consciousness and in the subconscious. The drama that the Christians of the Middle East are going through, the final act of which we are probably witnessing these days, urges us to look for its roots in the distant past. The Ottoman period in the history of East Christian communities is of particular significance. The Middle East Christians got under the Turkish rule as a discriminated minority pushed out on the curb of sociopolitical life, but by the beginning of the 20th century the Christians of the Middle East as a whole, and Christian communities of Syria and Lebanon in particular, were flourishing and were perfectly well adapted to possibilities that inclusion of the Ottoman state into the world capitalist system had to offer. The upgrade of the Christians status was accompanied by gradual changes in their social psychology including self identification of the members of the Christian communities, remodelling of their behaviour patterns in everyday life and in conflict situations as well as psychology of introconfessional relations. This research is an attempt to describe and analyse this cultural and psychological transformation.Нередко в ходе исторических событий социальноэкономические изменения затмевают изменения в культурной психологии этнических групп и их представителей. Историческая наука объясняет, что произошло, как и почему это происходило, но очень редко дает нам возможность понять, что чувствовали люди в этом отношении, какие процессы происходили в их индивидуальном и общем сознании и в подсознании. Драма, которую переживают христиане Ближнего Востока, заключительный акт которой мы, вероятно, наблюдаем в эти дни, побуждает нас искать ее корни в далеком прошлом. Османский период в истории восточных христианских общин имеет особое значение. Ближневосточные христиане попали под турецкое правление как дискриминируемое меньшинство, вытесненное на обочину общественнополитической жизни, но к началу 20 века христиане Ближнего Востока в целом, и христианские общины Сирии и Ливана в частности, процветали и были прекрасно приспособлены к возможностям, которые могло предложить включение Османского государства в мировую капиталистическую систему. Обновление статуса христиан сопровождалось постепенными изменениями в их социальной психологии, включая самоидентификацию членов христианских общин, перестройку их моделей поведения в повседневной жизни и в конфликтных ситуациях, а также психологию внутриконфессиональных отношений. Это исследование является попыткой описать и проанализировать эту культурную и психологическую трансформацию.

How Scientists Communicate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Broad Overview

What is scientific research? It is the process by which we learn about the world. For this research to have an impact, and positively contribute to society, it needs to be communicated to those who need to understand its outcomes and significance for them. Any piece of research is not complete until it has been recorded and passed on to those who need to know about it. So, good communication skills are a key attribute for researchers, and scientists today need to be able to communicate through a wide range of media, from formal scientific papers to presentations and social media, and to a range of audiences, from expert peers to stakeholders to the general public. In this book, the goals and nature of scientific communication are explored, from the history of scientific publication; through the stages of how papers are written, evaluated, and published; to what happens after publication, using examples from landmark historical papers. In addition, ethical issues relating to publication, and the damage caused by cases of fabrication and falsification, are explored. Other forms of scientific communication such as conference presentations are also considered, with a particular focus on presenting and writing for nonspecialist audiences, the media, and other stakeholders. Overall, this book provides a broad overview of the whole range of scientific communication and should be of interest to researchers and also those more broadly interested in the process how what scientists do every day translates into outcomes that contribute to society.

Other Biological Approaches to OCD

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C. R. McLaughlin ◽  
Benjamin D. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Deep Brain

Interest in psychiatric neurosurgery has waxed and waned since the 1930s. This chapter reviews the history of these methods, with a focus on OCD. This review of lesion procedures and deep brain stimulation includes neuropsychological and neuroimaging research in the context of putative neurocircuitry underlying symptoms and response to treatment. The chapter highlights how an abundance of caution is needed, as well as key issues in long-term management of patients so treated.

scholarly journals Low Nucleotide Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 1511-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yu ◽  
Michael I Jensen-Seaman ◽  
Leona Chemnick ◽  
Judith R Kidd ◽  
Amos S Deinard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
East Central ◽  
Dna Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mtdna Diversity

Abstract Comparison of the levels of nucleotide diversity in humans and apes may provide much insight into the mechanisms of maintenance of DNA polymorphism and the demographic history of these organisms. In the past, abundant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism data indicated that nucleotide diversity (π) is more than threefold higher in chimpanzees than in humans. Furthermore, it has recently been claimed, on the basis of limited data, that this is also true for nuclear DNA. In this study we sequenced 50 noncoding, nonrepetitive DNA segments randomly chosen from the nuclear genome in 9 bonobos and 17 chimpanzees. Surprisingly, the π value for bonobos is only 0.078%, even somewhat lower than that (0.088%) for humans for the same 50 segments. The π values are 0.092, 0.130, and 0.082% for East, Central, and West African chimpanzees, respectively, and 0.132% for all chimpanzees. These values are similar to or at most only 1.5 times higher than that for humans. The much larger difference in mtDNA diversity than in nuclear DNA diversity between humans and chimpanzees is puzzling. We speculate that it is due mainly to a reduction in effective population size (Ne) in the human lineage after the human-chimpanzee divergence, because a reduction in Ne has a stronger effect on mtDNA diversity than on nuclear DNA diversity.

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