Doctrine of the Ciphers Intercursions among Zeropoint-Utopia-Core

The Blochian concept of cipher is discussed in some detail with a view to possible developments in the modern philosophy of nature. Parallels and differences are listed as to the Idealistic tradition in Germany preceding Bloch’s approach. It is found that within the framework of a strict process philosophy of the Blochian type, life forms and human (reflexive) life in particular show up as systemic parts of a nature that is projecting itself towards what has not yet become, hence a strong similarity to Schelling’s approach.

The Nature and Use of Unilateral Executive Measures

Constitutions and constitutional constructs offer executives a repository of fuzzy sources of power which enable unilateral action. This chapter focuses on one of these forms: executive making of (semi)-formal unilateral measures. These orders and edicts have an important edge: on their face, they are ‘lawlike’, and seemingly carry the imprimatur of binding law, even when their legal status is fuzzy. The chapter uses comparative methodology in order to show the strong similarity between such measures as they emerged and continue to be applied in the two systems compared in this book. Orders in Council, Executive Orders and the like, such as the ones brought before the courts in Bancoult and Youngstown, have been at the focus of extensive study; yet to date, such measures, issued in both systems, have never been conjointly discussed. This chapter offers the first comparative analysis. This novel comparative exercise leads to the discovery of a surprising convergence—surprising, if attention is focused on structural regime elements. The findings support two of the main themes advanced in this book: that the emergence and retention of fuzzy legality is an unavoidable feature of the state, despite the ingrained danger it poses to the proper functioning of democracies. A third theme, concerned with the need to constrain fuzziness by robust judicial oversight, is addressed in the last chapter of this book. This chapter also offers new insights on the unclear distinction between constitutional- and statute-derived fuzziness, again, a feature shared by both systems.

9 General Treatment Standards

This chapter addresses the general standards of treatment in investment treaties. General treatment standards consist of two types: (a) absolute standards, which are not contingent upon specified factors, happenings, or government behaviour towards other investors or persons; and (b) relative standards, which are dependent upon the host government's treatment of other investments or investors. The chapter discusses the absolute and relative general treatment standards used most frequently in international investment treaties. These include full protection and security, fair and equitable treatment, minimum treatment according to international law, most-favoured-nation treatment, and national treatment. That these standards exist in one form or another in most investment treaties gives the treaties a strong similarity. It must also be acknowledged, however, that not all treaties include all of these general standards and that significant differences exist in the way individual treaties articulate them.

Bilingual acoustic voice variation is similarly structured across languages

When a bilingual switches languages, do they switch their "voice"? Using a new conversational corpus of speech from early Cantonese-English bilinguals (N = 34), this paper examines the talker-specific acoustic signature of bilingual voices. Following prior work in voice quality variation, 24 filter and source-based acoustic measurements are estimated. The analysis summarizes mean differences for these dimensions, in addition to identifying the underlying structure of each talker's voice across languages with principal components analyses. Canonical redundancy analyses demonstrate that while talkers vary in the degree to which they have the same "voice" across languages, all talkers show strong similarity with themselves.

Evolution of the vomer and its implications for cranial kinesis in Paraves

Most living birds exhibit cranial kinesis—movement between the rostrum and braincase—in which force is transferred through the palatal and jugal bars. The palate alone distinguishes the Paleognathae from the Neognathae, with cranial kinesis more developed in neognaths. Most previous palatal studies were based on 2D data and rarely incorporated data from stem birds despite great interest in their kinetic abilities. Here we reconstruct the vomer of the Early Cretaceous stem bird Sapeornis and the troodontid Sinovenator, taxa spanning the dinosaur–bird transition. A 3D shape analysis including these paravians and an extensive sampling of neornithines reveals their strong similarity to paleognaths and indicates that morphological differences in the vomer between paleognaths and neognaths are intimately related to their different kinetic abilities. These results suggest the skull of Mesozoic paravians lacked the kinetic abilities observed in neognaths, a conclusion also supported by our identification of an ectopterygoid in Sapeornis here. We conclude that cranial kinesis evolved relatively late, likely an innovation of the Neognathae, and is linked to the transformation of the vomer. This transformation increased palatal mobility, enabling the evolution of a diversity of kinetic mechanisms and ultimately contributing to the extraordinary evolutionary success of this clade.

Evidence to support common application switching behaviour on smartphones

We find evidence to support common behaviour in smartphone usage based on analysis of application (app) switching. This is an overlooked aspect of smartphone usage that gives additional insight beyond screen time and the particular apps that are accessed. Using a dataset of usage behaviour from 53 participants over a six-week period, we find strong similarity in the structure of networks built from app switching, despite diversity in the apps used, and the volume of app switching. App switch networks exhibit small-world, broad-scale network features, with a rapid popularity decay, suggesting that preferential attachment may drive next-app decision-making.

Cross-section tables of enterprise duration in Łódzkie voivodship

The aim of the article is to discuss the method of constructing cross-section tables and to present the results of cross-sectional analysis of enterprise duration in Łódzkie voivodship in the years 2001—2015 (including cities with powiat status such as Łódź, Piotrków Trybunalski and Skierniewice). The analysis was conducted on the basis of data derived from the National Official Business Register REGON. The article with selected annual information from cross-sectional enterprise duration tables prepared for enterprises liquidated in Łódzkie voivodship contains i.a., assessment of liquidation survival probability of enterprises in the first, third and fifth year before liquidation, and estimation of the probability of persistence and survival in the period 0—1, 0—3 and 0—5 years before liquidation.The obtained results confirmed that in each of the analysed periods there was a strong similarity in characteristics of enterprise duration in Łódzkie voivodship, including Łódź. However, the situation of enterprises from Piotrków Trybunalski and Skierniewice differed in terms of duration from the situation of units from Łódź, particularly for the third year before liquidation.

Formação nos seminários. Condicionamentos e problemas comuns

Neste artigo apresentamos uma revisão bibliográfica que inclui diversos estudos produzidos por pesquisadores católicos. As pesquisas que resumimos e comentamos são relativas ao tema da formação tanto do clero diocesano quanto dos religiosos. Procuramos responder à seguinte questão: será que há problemas comuns na área da formação dos seminaristas diocesanos e dos religiosos? O resultado pareceu-nos surpreendente: notamos uma grande semelhança nos dados levantados por diversas pesquisas independentes. O diagnóstico revela uma problemática comum, focalizada no estabelecimento de formação e nos seus modos de funcionamentos automáticos. Mas também observamos um limite nas teorias utilizadas para buscar compreender e eventualmente procurar soluções ou encaminhamento para as dificuldades. Embora já esteja presente de modo inicial entre os religiosos, uma abordagem institucional nos parece interessante para o estudo e o equacionamento dos impasses formativos.Abstract: In this article we present a bibliographic review that includes various studies produced by Catholic researchers. The pieces of research we summarize and comment are related to the training both of the Diocesan clergy and of the members of religious orders. We tried to answer the following question: are there common problems in the training of Diocesan and religious seminarists? The findings surprised us: we observed a strong similarity between the data found by various independent research projects. The diagnosis reveals a common problem, centred on the training institutions and on their systems of automatic operation. But we also observed limitations in the theories used to try to understand and eventually to directly solve – or seek solutions elsewhere for – the difficulties. Although an institutional approach is already present in an embryonic form among the members of religious orders, we believe that it would be interesting for studying and equating the training impasses.

A large cockroach from the mesosaur-bearingKonservat-Lagerstätte(Mangrullo Formation), Late Paleozoic of Uruguay

Barona arcuata, n.gen et n.sp., a left forewing of a relatively large cockroach of the Order Blattaria, is described from mesosaur-bearing lagoonal shales of the Mangrullo Formation (north-eastern Uruguay). While most of the insect remains recovered from the Mangrullo Formation come from sandy limestones, associated to scarce isolated mesosaur bones and pygocephalomorph crustaceans, the cockroach wing here described was found in the overlaying green to brownish, gray and dark black shales associated to intercalated bentonites and evaporitic gypsum crystals.Barona arcuatashares some features with typical Late Carboniferous taxa such as its general venation pattern and outline of the wing, four main and powerful veins arising close together from near the base of the wing, Sc simple forked, pectinate, reaching the costal border through a long fork, R and M bifurcating and terminating in the wing margin above and below the apex respectively, short and narrow CuA, and the presence of a broad interspace between CuP and AA. Cross venation seems to be absent or it was not preserved. Some characters might relateBarona arcuatato the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian Neothroblattinidae such as the presence of sigmoidal veins in the anal area, a condition not found in any of the remaining representatives of the Palaeozoic Blattaria. Intriguingly, the Uruguayan blattarian also presents a strong similarity withQilianiblatta namurensisZhang, Schneider & Hong, 2012 from the Westphalian of China, clearly a smaller taxon that is also difficult to relate to any of the preexistent families. The apparent plesiomorphic venation pattern of the new species which is reminiscent of that present in the oldest known blattarians, is in agreement with a Permo-Carboniferous (Gzhelian-Asselian) age for the Mangrullo Formation also supported by the presence of a macrofloral assemblage dominated by arborescent lepidondendrids and other lycopsids and the pygocephalid-like morphology of the pygocephalomorph crustaceans from the same levels.

Association Between Positive Occipital Sharp Transients of Sleep and Lambda Waves

Positive occipital sharp transients of sleep (POSTS) and lambda waves have similar morphology and location. We studied a possible association between these 2 normal EEG patterns. We reviewed a series of consecutive unselected ambulatory EEGs during a 3-month period (October 16, 2017 to January 19, 2018) and identified records with POSTS and records with lambda waves. Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square test. A total of 140 ambulatory EEGs were reviewed. Duration of EEGs ranged from 24 to 168 hours (mean 76 hours). The population was 34% males, with ages ranging from 3 to 93 years (mean 48 years). Of the 140 records, 30 were abnormal, including 20 with epileptiform abnormalities. A chi-square test for independence (with Yates continuity correction) indicated a significant association between POSTS and lambda waves, χ2(1, n = 140) = 69.208, p < .001, φ = 0.72. In addition, 100% of records with lambda waves had POSTS, and 72% of records with POSTS had lambda waves. There is a high association between lambda waves and POSTS. This suggests a strong similarity between the 2 waveforms, and possibly a common occipital generator.