scholarly journals Evidence to support common application switching behaviour on smartphones

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 190018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam D. Turner ◽  
Roger M. Whitaker ◽  
Stuart M. Allen ◽  
David E. J. Linden ◽  
Kun Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Small World ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Strong Similarity ◽  
Scale Network ◽  
Common Behaviour ◽  
Common Application ◽  
Broad Scale

We find evidence to support common behaviour in smartphone usage based on analysis of application (app) switching. This is an overlooked aspect of smartphone usage that gives additional insight beyond screen time and the particular apps that are accessed. Using a dataset of usage behaviour from 53 participants over a six-week period, we find strong similarity in the structure of networks built from app switching, despite diversity in the apps used, and the volume of app switching. App switch networks exhibit small-world, broad-scale network features, with a rapid popularity decay, suggesting that preferential attachment may drive next-app decision-making.

scholarly journals The structure of co-publications multilayer network

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Romaric Meleu ◽  
Paulin Yonta Melatagia
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Degree Distribution ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Small World ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Small World Network ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Multilayer Networks ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Scientific Papers

AbstractUsing the headers of scientific papers, we have built multilayer networks of entities involved in research namely: authors, laboratories, and institutions. We have analyzed some properties of such networks built from data extracted from the HAL archives and found that the network at each layer is a small-world network with power law distribution. In order to simulate such co-publication network, we propose a multilayer network generation model based on the formation of cliques at each layer and the affiliation of each new node to the higher layers. The clique is built from new and existing nodes selected using preferential attachment. We also show that, the degree distribution of generated layers follows a power law. From the simulations of our model, we show that the generated multilayer networks reproduce the studied properties of co-publication networks.

Estimating Local Decision-Making Behavior in Complex Evolutionary Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghui Sha ◽  
Jitesh H. Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Evolutionary Systems ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Making

Research in systems engineering and design is increasingly focused on complex sociotechnical systems whose structures are not directly controlled by the designers, but evolve endogenously as a result of decisions and behaviors of self-directed entities. Examples of such systems include smart electric grids, Internet, smart transportation networks, and open source product development communities. To influence the structure and performance of such systems, it is crucial to understand the local decisions that result in observed system structures. This paper presents three approaches to estimate the local behaviors and preferences in complex evolutionary systems, modeled as networks, from its structure at different time steps. The first approach is based on the generalized preferential attachment model of network evolution. In the second approach, statistical regression-based models are used to estimate the local decision-making behaviors from consecutive snapshots of the system structure. In the third approach, the entities are modeled as rational decision-making agents who make linking decisions based on the maximization of their payoffs. Within the decision-centric framework, the multinomial logit choice model is adopted to estimate the preferences of decision-making nodes. The approaches are illustrated and compared using an example of the autonomous system (AS) level Internet. The approaches are generally applicable to a variety of complex systems that can be modeled as networks. The insights gained are expected to direct researchers in choosing the most applicable estimation approach to get the node-level behaviors in the context of different scenarios.

A Focal Concerns Perspective on Prosecutorial Decision Making in Cases of Intimate Partner Stalking

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-748
Author(s):  
Patrick Q. Brady ◽  
Bradford W. Reyns
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Focal Concerns ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Focal Concerns Perspective ◽  
Stalking Victims

Despite millions of stalking victims contacting the police each year, suspects are rarely arrested or prosecuted. While prosecutors are ultimately the gatekeepers to holding defendants accountable, few studies have examined the factors influencing charging decisions in stalking cases. Using the focal concerns perspective, this study analyzed 5 years of domestic violence and stalking case outcomes in Rhode Island. Findings indicated that prosecutors were more likely to prosecute stalking cases when defendants evoked fear in the victim and pursued victims in public. The decision to prosecute stalking versus other domestic violence–related charges was motivated by the location of the offense and the defendant’s history of physical abuse toward the victim. Neither extralegal factors nor characteristics of blameworthiness or suspect culpability influenced prosecutorial decision making. Findings underscore the legal complexities of stalking and suggest the need for additional insight on prosecutorial perspectives and strategies to articulate the fear standard in stalking cases.

Managerial perceptions of cost-system obsolescence and factors that might affect it

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 2884-2913
Author(s):  
Emre Cengiz ◽  
Funda Cengiz ◽  
Muhittin Cavusoglu ◽  
Cihan Cobanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose This study aims to report the descriptive statistics of cost-system obsolescence (CSO) in the Turkish hotel industry and contingent factors that affect the CSO. Design/methodology/approach To validate the reflective measurement model, first, an exploratory factor analysis in statistical package for social sciences was conducted. Then, a confirmatory factor analysis using maximum likelihood in analysis of moment structures was performed to establish the reliability and validity of the construct measurements. Findings The results demonstrate that CSO symptoms did not occur frequently in sample Turkish hotels. Turkish hotels were found to operate in intense competition and a significant relationship between competition intensity (CI) and CSO takes place. The hospitability industry has been perceived as rather uncertain. However, perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) had no significant effect on CSO, and there was no mediation effect on the relationship between CI and CSO. Turkish hotels were found to perform market-orientated activities at a mediocre level. However, no significant relationship was found between market orientation (MO) and CSO. Additionally, Turkish hotels with decentralized decision-making structures and “prospector-type” strategies were found to have less CSO. On average, Turkish hotels have centralized decision-making structures and pursue “analyzer-type” strategies. Practical implications This study contributes to previous literature related to accounting information in the hotel industry. It also aims to give additional insight into Turkish hotels’ competitive environment, MO activities, decision-making structures and strategies and their association with CSO. Originality/value The study examined CSO in the Turkish hotel industry and factors that affect CSO. The study results provide additional insight into Turkish hotels’ competitive environment, MO activities, hotel structure and strategy. A new model to test CSO was created and validated using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Epidemic spreading on evolving networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (23) ◽  
pp. 1950266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Xuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Small World ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Epidemic Spreading ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Evolving Networks ◽  
Power Law Exponent ◽  
Free Network ◽  
Over Time

Network structure will evolve over time, which will lead to changes in the spread of the epidemic. In this work, a network evolution model based on the principle of preferential attachment is proposed. The network will evolve into a scale-free network with a power-law exponent between 2 and 3 by our model, where the exponent is determined by the evolution parameters. We analyze the epidemic spreading process as the network evolves from a small-world one to a scale-free one, including the changes in epidemic threshold over time. The condition of epidemic threshold to increase is given with the evolution processes. The simulated results of real-world networks and synthetic networks show that as the network evolves at a low evolution rate, it is more conducive to preventing epidemic spreading.

scholarly journals A quality-of-service-aware dynamic evolution model for space–ground integrated network

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 155014771772864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Yi ◽  
Xuehui Du ◽  
Ying Liao ◽  
Lifeng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Degree Distribution ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Small World ◽  
Evolution Model ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Complex Network Theory

Space–ground integrated network, a strategic, driving, and irreplaceable infrastructure, guarantees the development of economic and national security. However, its natures of limited resources, frequent handovers, and intermittently connected links significantly reduce the quality of service. To address this issue, a quality-of-service-aware dynamic evolution model is proposed based on complex network theory. On one hand, a quality-of-service-aware strategy is adopted in the model. During evolution phases of growth and handovers, links are established or deleted according to the quality-of-service-aware preferential attachment following the rule of better quality of service getting richer and worse quality of service getting poor or to die. On the other hand, dynamic handover of nodes and intermittent connection of links are taken into account and introduced into the model. Meanwhile, node heterogeneity is analyzed and heterogeneous nodes are endowed with discriminate interactions. Theoretical analysis and simulations are utilized to explore the degree distribution and its characteristics. Results reveal that this model is a scale-free model with drift power-law distribution, fat-tail and small-world effect, and drift character of degree distribution results from dynamic handover. Furthermore, this model exerts well fault tolerance and attack resistance compared to signal-strength-based strategy. In addition, node heterogeneity and quality-of-service-aware strategy improve the attack resistance and overall quality of service of space–ground integrated network.

On the Topology Design of Integrated Wireless Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 555-560
Author(s):  
Xin Yan ◽  
Jia Gen Du
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Topology Control ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Small World ◽  
Topology Design ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Proximity Graph

Topology clustering, constructing overlay graphs, adding relay nodes, or creating a “small-world” network by building some shortcuts etc, topology control schemes are able to achieve the scalability, resilience, and fault-tolerance for wireless communication networks. In this article, we take a different approach to reach such aim for heterogeneous integrated wireless networks by generating a topology such that the resulting network is “scale-free”. Thereby we propose a topology control algorithm based on the “scale-free” complex network concept and directed proximity graph theory for integrated wireless networks with non-uniform transmission ranges. In this algorithm, the topology is also generated by new nodes’ growth and preferential attachment procedure, but where each new node connects to the existing nodes in its directed attachable proximity in terms of certain probability at each time step. Each node’s directed attachable proximity graph is generated from its directed reachable proximity graph that is built by regulating its transmission power based on locally collected information. The simulation experiments are provided to validate our claims.

scholarly journals Exploring the topology and dynamic growth properties of co-invention networks and technology fields

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256956
Author(s):  
Pablo E. Pinto ◽  
Guillermo Honores ◽  
Andrés Vallone
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Small World ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Collaboration Networks ◽  
Technological Diversification ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Inventor Networks

This study investigates the topology and dynamics of collaboration networks that exist between inventors and their patent co-authors for patents granted by the USPTO from 2007–2019 (2,241,201 patents and 1,879,037 inventors). We study changes in the configurations of different technology fields via the power-law, small-world, preferential attachment, shrinking diameter, densification law, and gelling point hypotheses. Similar to the existing literature, we obtain mixed results. Based on network statistics, we argue that the sudden rise of large networks in six technology sectors can be understood as a phase transition in which small, isolated networks form one giant component. In two other technology sectors, such a transition occurred much later and much less dramatically. The examination of inventor networks over time reveals the increased complexity of all technology sectors, regardless of the individual characteristics of the network. Therefore, we introduce ideas associated with the technological diversification of inventors to complement our analysis, and we find evidence that inventors tend to diversify into new fields that are less mature. This behavior appears to be correlated with the compliance of some of the expected network rules and has implications for the emerging patterns among the different collaboration networks under consideration here.

scholarly journals Synthesizing Brain-network-inspired Interconnections for Large-scale Network-on-chips

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Mengke Ge ◽  
Xiaobing Ni ◽  
Xu Qi ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Jinglei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small World ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Graph Processing ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Large Scale Network ◽  
Average Latency ◽  
Scale Network ◽  
The Brain

Brain network is a large-scale complex network with scale-free, small-world, and modularity properties, which largely supports this high-efficiency massive system. In this article, we propose to synthesize brain-network-inspired interconnections for large-scale network-on-chips. First, we propose a method to generate brain-network-inspired topologies with limited scale-free and power-law small-world properties, which have a low total link length and extremely low average hop count approximately proportional to the logarithm of the network size. In addition, given the large-scale applications, considering the modularity of the brain-network-inspired topologies, we present an application mapping method, including task mapping and deterministic deadlock-free routing, to minimize the power consumption and hop count. Finally, a cycle-accurate simulator BookSim2 is used to validate the architecture performance with different synthetic traffic patterns and large-scale test cases, including real-world communication networks for the graph processing application. Experiments show that, compared with other topologies and methods, the brain-network-inspired network-on-chips (NoCs) generated by the proposed method present significantly lower average hop count and lower average latency. Especially in graph processing applications with a power-law and tightly coupled inter-core communication, the brain-network-inspired NoC has up to 70% lower average hop count and 75% lower average latency than mesh-based NoCs.

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