KARAKTER AGRONOMI SORGUM VARIETAS SAMURAI II FASE VEGETATIF YANG DITANAM PADA JARAK TANAM BERBEDA

AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTIC OF VEGETATIVE PHASE SORGUM SAMURAI II VARIETY IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SPACE. The purpose of this research to determine the agronomic characteristic of Samurai II Sorghum with different planting space. This experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment consisted of four planting space, (1) 70 cm x 40 cm, (2) 50 cm x 30 cm, (3) 40 cm x 20 cm, and (4) 10 cm x 10 cm, each treatment had five replications. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and HSD test. The variables measured were agronomic characteristic indicated by plant height, number of leaf, width of leaf and length of leaf. The results showed that different planting space were significant different (P<0.01) on plant height, number of leaf, width of leaf and length of leaf. HSD test showed that planting space 70 cm x 40 cm were significant (P<0.01) have higher plant height, number of leaf, width of leaf and length of leaf than planting space 50 cm x 30 cm, 40 cm x 20 cm, and 10 cm x 10 cm. It can be concluded that planting space 70 cm x 40 cm have the highest agronomic characteristic by producing the highest plant height, number of leaf, width of leaf and length of leaf.Key words: sorghum, planting space, agronomic

PENGARUH POPULASI TANAMAN TERHADAP SIFAT AGRONOMIS SERTA KADAR Cl DAUN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA RAJANGAN PADA TANAH VERTISOLS DI BOJONEGORO

<p>Percobaan lapang telah dilakukan pada tanah vetisol di Kebun Percobaan Pekuwon, Bojonegoro, dimulai Mei sampai September 1996, untuk mempelajari pengaruh populasi tanaman tembakau terhadap sifat agronomis dan kadar Cl daun tanaman tembakau Virginia yang diolah dengan cara dirajang. Tinggi tempat dari lahan percobaan 13 m dpi, dan dengan tipe iklim D. Tanah bertekstur liat dengan 80% liat, 15% debu dan 5% pasir, 0.62% C-organik, 0.10% N, dan pH 8.20. Percobaan disusun dalam ancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari enam laraf populasi tanaman tembakau (12 000; 18 000; 24 000; 36 000; 48 000, dan 60 000 tanaman per ha atau setara dengan 144, 216, 288, 432, 576, dan 720 tanaman per petak). Ukuran petak 12 m x 10 m. Dalam percobaan ini akan dipelajari pula pengaruh bentuk hasil (rajangan dan krosok) terhadap kadar Cl daun. Sepuluh tanaman per petak diolah secara lue-cuing di dalam oven mini, untuk dianalisis kadar Cl daunnya. Varietas tembakau adalah DB 101. Hasil dan indeks tanaman masih terus meningkat sampai populasi tetinggi, sedangkan mutu dan rendemen tidak terpengaruh oleh peningkatan populasi. Peningkatan populasi sebaliknya menurunkan ukuran daun, bobot tiap daun, tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, dan jumlah daun yang dapat dipanen. Berdasar hasil, mutu dan mudahnya pengelolaan di lapang populasi yang optimal adalah 24 000 tanaman per ha, untuk tembakau Virginia rajangan di Bojonegoro. Peningkatan populasi hanya berpengaruh pada kadar Cl daun atas saja. Sedangkan bentuk hasil tembakau ajangan dan krosok tidak berpengaruh pada kadar Cl daun.</p><p>Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum, tembakau. tembakau Virginia rajangan, populasi tanaman, vertisols, sifat agronomis, kadar Cl, bentuk olahan</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Effect of plant population on agronomic characteristics and leaf Cl content of sliced Virginia tobacco grown in vertisols of Bojonegoro</strong></p><p>The expeiment was conducted in vetisol soil of Bojonegoro in 1996 to study the effect of plant population on agronomic characteistics and Cl content of sliced tobacco leaves. The experiment was site located 13 m above sea level, with D climatic type. The soil characteristics were clay texture with 80% clay, 15% silt and 5% sand, 0.62% C-organic, 0.10 % N, and pH 8.2. The treatment consisted of six plant populations (12.000 up to 60.000 plants per ha equal with 144, 216, 288, 432, 576, and 720 plants per plot) was arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications. Plot size was 12 m x 10 m. Plant population per plo( based on the six treatment levels. For Cl content analysis, 10 plants plot was also taken to be processed with lue-curing method in mini oven. Tobacco variety was DB 101. Yield and crop index increased steadily as plant population increased up to the highest plant population. However the increase in plant population decreased the size, weight, number of leaves, and plant height. While grade index, percentage of dry to fresh leaf yield and Cl content of lower and middle leaves were not affected by the increase in plant population. Base on yield, quality, and easier management, the recommended plant population was 24 000 plant per ha. The increase in plant population only affected the Cl content of upper leaves. The form of sliced and lue-cured tobacco leaves did not affect the Cl content of (he leaves.</p><p>Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, tobacco, sliced Virginia tobacco, plant population vetisols, agronomic characteristic, Cl contcnl, product form</p>

Conventional breeding of potatoes for resistance to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum): Any light in the horizon?

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important food crop in the world after wheat and rice while bacterial wilt is the second most important disease of potatoes after late blight. In high latitudes and high altitudes in the tropics, bacterial wilt is caused by race 3/biovar 2A (R3bv2A) (phylotype IIB, sequevar 1) while in the tropical lowlands, the disease is caused mainly by race 1 and biovar 2T. Control of bacterial wilt has proven to be very difficult. Breeding for resistance has been going on for long in many places such as the International Potato Center (CIP), University of Wisconsin, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Hortaliças, Brazil), Uruguay and Peru. Classical breeding has achieved moderate unstable level of resistance/tolerance due to host-pathogen-environment interaction. In addition, hybridisation of the cultivated potato with the wild relatives have showed wild traits such as high glycoalkaloid content in addition to moderate levels of resistance to bacterial wilt. In recent years, genetic engineering for disease resistance has been employed such as the use of potent antimicrobial peptides and pattern recognition receptors. However, most of this work is in experimental stages. The purpose of this review is to document the progress made in breeding for resistance to bacterial wilt of potatoes. Though great strides have been made, there is still a long way to go before varieties with stable resistance coupled with good agronomic characteristic are released. There is light in the horizon though a bit far.

Karakteristik Agronomis Tiga Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada Dua Sistem Tanam Benih di Lahan Pasang Surut

<p>ABSTRACT<br /><br />The efforts to develop and increase rice production in tidal land need appropriate technologies including adaptable superior varieties and efficient seed planting system. This study was aimed to measure the agronomic characteristic of the three rice varieties on the systems of in-row direct seeding and broadcast in tidal land. The experiment was carried out at type B of tidal land in Sidoharjo Village, Air Saleh Subdistrict, Banyuasin District, from January to April 2016. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with four replications. The main plot was seed planting system, consisted of in-row direct seeding system and broadcast system; whereas subplot was three rice varieties, consisted of Inpari 22, Inpara 4, and Ciherang. Result of LSD test on interaction showed that though the best growth was obtained from the combination of Inpari 22 and in-row direct seeding and very significant with the others, but its yield was not significant with the combination of Inpara 4 and in-row direct seeding. It was concluded that Inpari 22 and Inpara 4 with in-row direct seeding system showed better growth and higher yield than Inpari 22, Inpara 4 and Ciherang with broadcast system in tidal lands. Ciherang was not suitable in tidal land, while Inpari 22 was suitable.<br /><br />Keywords: broadcast system, in-row direct seeding system, production</p>