Online Measuring Of Grain Flowrates and Its Measurement Sensitivities with Pitch and Roll Angles

A complete calibration test stand was constructed and instrumented to examine the effect of varying pitch and roll positions on the measurement errors of a microwave solid type flow sensor. Results indicated that measurement errors ranging from 2.50% to 6.82% and 1.80% to 8.86% were obtained by the changing of chute pitch (descending and ascending) and roll angle positions from 1.5° to 4.5°, respectively. Greater measurement errors were found at the low screw auger conveyor speed range. However, the magnitude of errors is within the acceptable margin for any typical wet paddy land topography.

Assessment of of automated pressurized liquid extraction method followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for monitoring air-born dioxins

An automated procedure of sample preparation using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was developed for subsequent analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for dioxins detection in ambient air samples collected from Burlington Ontario. Ambient air samples were collected from particle-phase using glass fibre filters (GFF) and from gas-phase using polyurethane foam from November 2014 to February 2015. The PLE extracts were cleaned up with acid silica followed by carbon mini-column. The average concentration of dioxins in particle phase was found to be 9.96±4.5 fgTEQ/m3 (n=10). This empirical finding is in agreement with high resolution gas chromatography –high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS) mean result of 10.04±2.9 fgTEQ/m3 (n=5). However, due to the limited sample size correlation between the two methods cannot be statistically established. The higher concentration of dioxins in Burlington, a city with heavy industry, was expected comparing the finding from previous study for downtown metropolitan Toronto (7.6 ± 2.0 fg BEQ/m3). Development of this method relied on calibration test, recovery test and Certified Reference Material (CRM) evaluation. Calibration test was successful in terms of developing standard curve with results within one standard deviation of the mean concentration of calibration standards. ELISA result on CRM was acceptable. Recovery test on extended toluene evaporation to half an hour or higher increased the recovery from 45% to an average of 82.4% for high concentrations and 89% for medium concentration of dioxins spike. The results of this study illustrate that PLE / ELISA can substitute for GC-HRMS as a cost effective screening tool to determine the dioxins concentration in ambient air.

Assessment of of automated pressurized liquid extraction method followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for monitoring air-born dioxins

An automated procedure of sample preparation using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was developed for subsequent analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for dioxins detection in ambient air samples collected from Burlington Ontario. Ambient air samples were collected from particle-phase using glass fibre filters (GFF) and from gas-phase using polyurethane foam from November 2014 to February 2015. The PLE extracts were cleaned up with acid silica followed by carbon mini-column. The average concentration of dioxins in particle phase was found to be 9.96±4.5 fgTEQ/m3 (n=10). This empirical finding is in agreement with high resolution gas chromatography –high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS) mean result of 10.04±2.9 fgTEQ/m3 (n=5). However, due to the limited sample size correlation between the two methods cannot be statistically established. The higher concentration of dioxins in Burlington, a city with heavy industry, was expected comparing the finding from previous study for downtown metropolitan Toronto (7.6 ± 2.0 fg BEQ/m3). Development of this method relied on calibration test, recovery test and Certified Reference Material (CRM) evaluation. Calibration test was successful in terms of developing standard curve with results within one standard deviation of the mean concentration of calibration standards. ELISA result on CRM was acceptable. Recovery test on extended toluene evaporation to half an hour or higher increased the recovery from 45% to an average of 82.4% for high concentrations and 89% for medium concentration of dioxins spike. The results of this study illustrate that PLE / ELISA can substitute for GC-HRMS as a cost effective screening tool to determine the dioxins concentration in ambient air.

Determination of the Critical Value of Material Damage in a Cross Wedge Rolling Test

This study investigates the problem of material fracture in cross wedge rolling (CWR). It was found that this problem could be analysed by means of well-known phenomenological criteria of fracture that are implemented in commercial FEM (Finite Element Method) simulation programs for forming processes. The accuracy of predicting material fracture depends on the critical damage value that is determined by calibration tests in which the modelled and real stresses must be in good agreement. To improve this accuracy, a new calibration test is proposed. The test is based on the CWR process. Owing to the shape of the tools and test piece used in CWR, the forming conditions in this process deteriorate with the distance from the centre of the test piece, which at a certain moment leads to fracture initiation. Knowing the location of axial crack initiation in the specimen, it is possible to determine the critical value of material damage via numerical simulation. The new calibration test is used to determine the critical damage of 42CrMo4 steel subjected to forming in the temperature range of 900–1100 °C. In addition, 12 criteria of ductile fracture are employed in the study. The results show that the critical damage significantly increases with the temperature.

Performance test of cantilever transfer standard used for afm tip calibration based on electromagnetic compensation

This paper describes stiffness measurement of cantilever transfer standards used for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) tip calibration based on electromagnetic compensation. The transfer standard of cantilever is designed and manufactured based on the bulk fabrication of SOI wafers. The measure range of the transfer standard covers from 0.04 N/m to 16 N/m. The series of transfer standard is designed for the calibration test of the cantilever used in AFM, along with the test apparatus specifically designed. The relative uncertainty of the stiffness is smaller than 2.4 % (<em>k</em> = 2).

Lux Meter as A Measuring Instrument for Operating Lamp Light Intensity Based on Arduino Uno R3

The light in the operating room has a special luminance intensity standard, so the light intensity needs to be known, because it adapts to lighting needs and functions. The lamps used for operating lighting must meet the requirements stipulated by law, good lighting is lighting that suits your needs, for operating rooms that are 300-500 lux and for operating tables 10,000-20,000 Lux. The problem in the field is that not all hospitals have a lux meter measuring instrument, so when taking measurements if there is an unsuitability of the light it brings a third party, from the problem so that it is not dependent, the research method used is the experimental method, with Arduino uno R3 programming. The Lux meter that has been made has been successful and has been tested with a calibration tool, in this case the calibration test is carried out in the hospital. Based on the calibration test data shows quite good results, the measurement data has been tested 20 times with a distance of 1 meter and 20 times at a distance of 1.5 meters. Based on the measurement and comparison of data, it can be concluded that the error of the tool is relatively low, namely 0.01% at a distance of 1 meter with a difference of 2 lux, and an error value of 0.23% at a distance of 1.5 meters with a difference of 24 lux. For distance measurement and timer, the error is 0% so that it has a difference of 0%.