Studying the Quality of Education in the General Educational System During Covid-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to history's most significant educational disruption, affecting nearly 1.6 billion students in more than 190 countries and all continents. Closures of schools and other learning spaces have impacted 94 per cent of the world's student population, up to 99 per cent in low and lower-middle-income countries (UESCO CONCEPT, 2020). Like all countries in the world, Armenia has not escaped the damage caused by the pandemia. The impetus for the implementation of such a program has come from the initiative of the UNESCO's Associated Schools Network (ASPnet), which aims to raise awareness in the current COVID_19 epidemic and to study the education processes and conditions, quality of education, as well as advantages and disadvantages of distance learning in the general education system. This study aimed to contribute to achieving the 4th goal of sustainable development in the general education system in pandemic conditions. During the program, students were introduced to the difficulties and benefits of hybrid and distance learning, the importance of participation, the opportunity to self-learn, and the need for empathy and mutual assistance during COVID-19. UNESCO Associated and UNESCO Partner schools have been selected for participation in the research. These schools have actively participated in the previous projects implemented by UNESCO and have had involvement in different national and international projects. The project results showed that learning is more effective with the parallel introduction of distance and face-to-face (the traditional style) learning. Hybrid learning has ensured high student performance by solving modern organizational problems and using modern information technologies.

Some Possibilities of Modeling Colored Petri Nets

Petri nets are a mathematical apparatus for modelling dynamic discrete systems. Their feature is the ability to display parallelism, asynchrony and hierarchy. First was described by Karl Petri in 1962 [1,2,8]. The Petri net is a bipartite oriented graph consisting of two types of vertices - positions and transitions connected by arcs between each other; vertices of the same type cannot be directly connected. Positions can be placed by tags (markers) that can move around the network. [2] Petri Nets (PN) used for modelling real systems is sometimes referred to as Condition/Events nets. Places identify the conditions of the parts of the system (working, idling, queuing, and failing), and transitions describe the passage from one state to another (end of a task, failure, repair...). An event occurs (a transition fire) when all the conditions are satisfied (input places are marked) and give concession to the event. The occurrence of the event entirely or partially modifies the status of the conditions (marking). The number of tokens in a place can be used to identify the number of resources lying in the condition denoted by that place [1,2,8]. Coloured Petri nets (CPN) is a graphical oriented language for design, specification, simulation and verification of systems [3-6,9,15]. It is in particular well-suited for systems that consist of several processes which communicate and synchronize. Typical examples of application areas are communication protocols, distributed systems, automated production systems, workflow analysis and VLSI chips. In the Classical Petri Net, tokens do not differ; we can say that they are colourless. Unlike standard Petri nets in Colored Petri Net of a position can contain tokens of arbitrary complexity, such as lists, etc., that enables modelling to be more reliable. The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of modelling Colored Petri nets. The article discusses the interrelation of languages of the Colored Petri nets and traditional formal languages. The Venn diagram, which the author has modified, shows the relationship between the languages of the Colored Petri nets and some traditional languages. The language class of the Colored Petri nets includes a whole class of Context-free languages and some other classes. The paper shows modelling the task synchronization Patil using Colored Petri net, which can't be modeled using well- known operations P and V or by classical Petri network, since the operations P and V and classical Petri networks have limited mathematical properties which do not allow to model the mechanisms in which the process should be synchronized with the optimal allocation of resources.

On the Electronic Database of the Armenian Word-Formation

The formal description of the languages has become more and more practical; however, it should be noted that the full formal description of the Armenian language has not yet been done. However, the fact that certain attempts have been made is undeniable. The Electronic database of the Armenian word-formation (https://formlang.am/) is the first stage of the complex project in the full formal description of the Armenian language. In the current article, we want to present the advantages of the electronic database of the Armenian word-formation. The electronic database containing the word-formation analysis of thousands of words can search for words and morphemes within them. It means that searching for any root or affix appears all the simple, compound, derived and derived-compound words made up of them. It enables us to reveal the regular structures and the variative forms, deflections, and irregularities with frequency data with their automatic analysis and the possibility of derivation. The database gives a great opportunity to study the Armenian word-formation on synchronic and diachronic points, to discover the basic patterns of the formation of new words, by the thousands of examples to find out the principles and ways of word-formation in the Armenian language, to have the full list of the distinguished simple, compound, derived and derived-compound Armenian words. The current database has not only practical great value to involve the Armenian language in the domain of the modern informational technologies as the communicative mean, but also significant theoretical value to present the accurate description of the vocabulary structure. Thus, it will give an excellent perspective for solving the problems of theoretical linguistics and the practical -applied tasks. It can be significant for the further development of Armenology.

Manipulative Capacity in the application of the Comparison mechanism

The article presents some theoretical justifications and some features of the origin of the comparison mechanism. Some areas of the practical application of the comparison mechanism were also presented, and the main manipulative intentions were analyzed. The theoretical part considers and analyzes the problems and features of the development of a comparison mechanism. In particular, the Adler theory is analyzed. The author substantiates the fact that the basis of the comparison mechanism originates in early childhood. In this process, a particular role and significance is the fact of comparison with siblings. The theory of object relations is also considered a theoretical basis, especially regarding the psychological structure of the narcissistic personality. In this context, the psychoanalytic approach is regarded as a profound basis for forming a psychological comparison mechanism and later becomes a stable behavioural pattern. The correlation between the emergence of the psychological comparison mechanism and the influence of the individual's environment is also theoretically justified. The formed behavioural pattern becomes the basis for subsequent manipulations in the field of social psychology. In particular, the concept of a reference group is when an individual compares himself with members of his group and groups of opponents. In this case, using this mechanism, you can build the foundations of national identity and, as an additional tactic using the mechanism of depreciation. In marketing, a manipulative comparison mechanism is used to influence the self-image. In this case, a particular consumer is identified with this image by comparing himself to the advertising image. In the political and marketing spheres, manipulative use of the comparison mechanism can be found very often. The phenomenon of manipulation in this context concerns the concept of intention. The main manipulative intention is the desire to devalue. In politics, devaluation is often used, and in marketing, dominance is used. In the context of the latter, appropriate language is used. The manipulative use of the comparison mechanism is considered in the example of the discursive practices of representatives of individual political elites. In the political sphere, in using the comparison mechanism, the intention of devaluation, narcissistic comparison is mainly used. This process can particularly be seen when comparing the speech of the President of Georgia with the statement of the President of Ukraine. Using the example of President Zelensky's statement, one can see the use of a symbolic image, which provides even greater power of manipulative influence on one's audience. In marketing and advertising, the comparison mechanism is combined with the demonstration of the advantages of your own product compared to others.

Forecast of Economic Growth in Armenia

The article presents the development of methods for forecasting economic growth. Since the 1950s, researchers have paid more attention to economic growth research. Many analysts and economists have focused on methods of forecasting economic growth and have tried to find the principal methods that influenced it. In the 2000s, economists found out that more than 500 exogenous or indigenous factors affect economic growth. Every national economy has its specifications which makes the forecast of its economic growth uncorrelated with the others. Some of them are heavily affected by oil and gas production, the others – by financial or customer service and a dozen of national economies are affected by the production in agriculture [3]. The economy of Armenia is not an exception. The author showed dynamics of Armenian economic growth, by which factors it has been affected, brought some comparisons with the region's countries. The authors used various econometric models to predict economic growth. The tiniest model, which the author constructed based on the ordinary least squares method, showed that Armenia's economic growth is mainly affected by four factors: Foreign Direct Investments, exports, national savings, and the amount of provided loans in Armenia. The quality of the model was 98% which is very high. The most considerable affection have foreign direct investments (FDI). If the FDI increases by 1 billion dollars, gross domestic product (GDP) will rise by 4.52 billion dollars, 36% of Armenia's GDP in 2019. The affection of Exports is not low either. If the amount of Exports increases by 1 billion dollars, that would raise gross domestic product (GDP) by 1.58 billion dollars which is 13.6% of Armenia's GDP in 2019. The author also tried to predict the economic growth of Armenia for ten years, from 2020-2029. The author used both ARIMA and SARIMA models to forecast economic growth. The results were interesting because they showed the economic crisis of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for change in fiscal and monetary policies. It can be a warning sign to the ministry of Finances, Central Bank of Armenia, to consider critical changes in these policies.

Comparative Investigation of Five Cobras’ Venoms Analgesic Capacity

Every day, a lot of people suffer from different types and intensity pain. Pain is probably the most common symptomatic reason to seek medical consultation. Unfortunately, despite improved knowledge of underlying mechanisms and better treatments, many people who have any type of pain receive inadequate care and non-effective drugs. Although the pain transmission channels are intensively studied, and the drug market is constantly replenished with new analgesics, it is well known that existing medications for the treatment of pain are often associated with serious side effects and rapid development of tolerance (moderate efficiency, physical dependence, respiratory arrest, suffocation, cardiac arrest, etc.). Thus, there is a need for new, more effective remedies. For this reason, despite the presence of a large number of anti-pain drugs, research and development of more effective and safe means for anaesthesia continue. Natural resources, particularly venoms, are a perspective supplier of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory medicines. Venoms are complex mixtures of bioactive substances with high selectivity for physiological processes, including modulation of different ion channels, receptors function, and metabolic pathways. Thus, venoms represent an extensive source of molecules for the development of therapeutic agents. The goal of this study was the comparison of antinociceptive effects of five different cobras' venom antinociceptive action of cobras’ venoms was carried out under the same experimental conditions, at the same doses, during acute and inflammatory pain in mice in “formalin test”. To avoid toxic effects, the sublethal dose of each cobra venom (approximately 1/10 LD 50 ) was selected. The behavioural study showed that all tested venoms had a slight sensitizing effect in the acute phase during the first 5 min. In the second, inflammatory phase (16*25min), all tested cobra’s venoms (3μg/0.1ml, intraperitoneal) showed significant antinociceptive action, particularly the Naja naja oxiana venom decreased pain sensitivity by 48.4%, the Naja naja pallida venom by 75.4%, the Naja naja nigricincta venom by 38.5%, the Naja naja kaouthia venom by 33.2%, and the Ophiophagus Hannah venom by 78.3%, (p<0.05). The analgesic capacity of Analgin and Diclofenac under the same conditions were 77.9% and 88.7%, respectively. Thus, the Naja n. pallida and Ophiophagus Hannah venoms have shown the most expressed antinociceptive action, and they have competitive effectiveness compared to classic analgesics. They may be chosen as the most effective from tested venoms for further development of pain relief remedies.

Usage of The Field Index in Machine Translation

The current article discusses the main problems of human and machine translations, as well as introduces a new lexical description in machine translation for faster and more accurate translation. The new method uses so-called field indicators or the Field Indices to facilitate the MT search engine for words by marking these words with special components creating a semantic field, and allowing the MT devices to search for the word according to its usage in the text. The Field Index system covers the semantic description of the following main spheres: scientific field, public or social field and humanitarian field. These three spheres contain subfields that usually mingle with the parent index through a dash, with the parent index being with the first one. The scientific field includes such aspects as geography, mathematics, chemistry, physics, economy, medicine, etc., with related subfields like diseases and biological terms (for medicine), names of drugs (as a separate filed), finance and accounting (as part of economy), etc. Applied Sciences Index contains miscellaneous words used by other subfields of the same scientific sphere: e.g., computer, telephone, function and many others, and plays a crucial part in distinguishing polysemantic words such as mouse (hardware), root (in mathematics), etc. The public or social field contains subfields that narrow the meaning of words to a specific one and includes aspects as art, agriculture, law, education, religion, housing utilities, time, transportation, people, etc.i+iT Ss the widest semantic field containing a lot of subfields specifying words that belong to such groups as colours, architecture, games, music, sport, etc. (for art index), clothing, beverages, food and production (for agriculture index). Notions of time, people, professions and terms for religion and items used in household are present in this group due to its wide usage within the society. The humanitarian sphere deals mostly with terms used in languages, literature, manuscripts and libraries. These subfields help identify polysemantic words between nations and languages, book titles and ordinary words and phrases, and literary styles (documentaries, fairy tales, dramas, etc.). In turn, these can be further defined as prose or a poem. All formulae proposed in the project consider the presence of the Field Indices and its position at the end of the description of the word. Depending on the target language, the translated version should be identical with the source following this very principle.

Pedagogical Conditions of Media Education in Primary School

The media and its use in the educational process, which has global importance, are the twenty-first century's challenge. In the pedagogical process, media education is addressed to each child within the context of any subject, ensuring the academic subject's required objectives and successful instructional activity, as well as the final results. Media is a tool in the pedagogical process for early learning games, aesthetic education, language skills, and mathematics, religion or ethics. It is not enough to have the developed equipment to use the media. In elementary school, the classroom equipped with appropriate media is more attractive for the students; it will facilitate the educational, developing and upbringing process and make it more stimulating. For the development of imagination, creativity, and independent search skills in elementary school, the supervised use of media during the educational process is particularly important. The media equipment is selected in accordance with the secondary school's curriculum, with targets set and the experience evaluated regularly. The controlled use of technological equipment is necessary in this case. Students' cognitive and artistic skills might be harmed by excessive media use in elementary school. It is justified that today's primary school students are extremely informed due to the media, their thinking skills are more developed. Today, there is a need for parent-teacher support processes for the child, strict content control, and pedagogical guidance from computer & Internet prevention. The use of technologies in the educational process is one of the urgent problems of modern pedagogy. The introduction of media technology in primary school has both advantages and disadvantages. Media education helps students navigate the information. They contribute to the development of positive motivation for learning, activate the cognitive, research and creative activities of younger schoolchildren, but can harm their health and negatively affect their worldview. The fact is that the 21st century is the age of high technologies. Therefore, education, which provides a high level of general knowledge, should be replaced by education focused on the creative development of each student's personality. Therefore, today it is necessary to revise the content of higher education, methods and types of education, that is, to apply pedagogical innovation.

Current State of Agro-Tourism and Development Preconditions in Armenia

Agrotourism is developing very fast worldwide, and Armenia is not left out of those rates of development. There are serious preconditions for the development of agro-tourism in Armenia. This study aims to reveal the current state of agro-tourism, outlining the development preconditions in Armenia, particularly the role of PR in the development of this field. To collect the necessary information, we used the methods of expert and in-depth interviews, document analysis and viewing. The studied data refer to gastro-houses, house-studios, adventure tourism and other interesting directions of agro-tourism, which were spread in the Republic of Armenia until the first half of 2020 and were in different regions, in particular: Gegharkunik, Vayots Dzor, Shirak, Lori, Kotayk, Tavush, Aragatsotn, Ararat. The results of the research allow us to conclude that: • Agro-tourism has prospects for development in Armenia; • Agro-tourism can contribute to the development of different villages and communities in the Republic of Armenia; • Planning PR campaigns is a necessary precondition for development; • The lack of a common tourism platform in the Republic of Armenia hinders the development. • The expansion of packages offering rural tourism by Armenian tour operators will contribute to development. • It is possible to create a network of guest houses, which will include only the ones that are engaged in agro-tourism.

Ghevond Alishan's Literary Activity Through the Light of Russian

The history of Russian-Armenian literary relationships is one of the brightest and most significant events of the time. It undoubtedly enhanced the mutual cultural heritage and left a profound mark on the worldview, moral and aesthetic values of Armenian and Russian writers, translators, and literary critics. Since the beginning of the 20th-century Armenian culture, mainly Armenian literature, aroused great interest among such outstanding classics, as M. Gorky, V. Bryusov, A. Blok, O. Mandelstam, A. Bely, A. Akhmatova and others who not only appreciated its aesthetic and stylistic texture but also embarked on the laborious work of translating its best achievements into Russian. In this sense, the anthology "The Poetry of Armenia from Ancient Times to the Present" in 1916 can be considered a significant cultural event. It was edited by Valery Bryusov, who also wrote the introductory part of the work. The publication was carried out with M. Gorky's direct assistance and support. It should be noted that many Russian translations done by V. Bryusov and A. Blok are still brilliant samples of the artistic heritage of translation. The present work focuses on the evaluations and interpretations of Russian critics (V. Bryusov, Y. Veselovsky) of the creative heritage of Gh. Alishan, his poetic individuality and the influence on the development of the literary process of that time. It also reveals the role of Russian poets, translators and literary critics in promoting the publication and popularization of Bryusov's anthology as a significant cultural event of the time. The section of the anthology "Poetry of Western Armenians" includes the most famous poems of Gh. Alishan, M. Peshiktashlyan, P. Duryan, Sipil, L. Shant, and others are parallelly illustrated by the excellent translations of V. Bryusov, S. Shervinsky, V. Khodasevich, K. Balmont, S. Bobrov and others. The scientific research has shown that among Russian poets and translators, Bryusov was one of the first interested in Gh. Alishan's literary works and his bright poetic individuality. It can be explained by the fact that Alishan was a well-known representative of Western Armenian poetry and a comprehensive creator of his time, a man with encyclopedic knowledge. In addition, he was a historian, philosopher, translator, philosopher, geographer who devoted his whole life to science and enlightenment. Bryusov was also a gifted man. He had a poetic talent; he contributed to improving the Russian dialect, elevating it to a new, higher level. Consequently, there are many common features between Bryusov and Alishan. These are the breadth of the intellectual range, brilliant knowledge of languages and world literature, devotion to scientific activities, profound love for their Motherland, its cultural values and the highest level of humanism. Undoubtedly, they were outstanding figures of their era who made a significant contribution to the development of culture, science and literature. This article is an attempt at a comprehensive study of the principles of the Russian translation theory used in the translation of Armenian literature, with particular reference to the poem "Hrazdan", an extract from Gh. Alishan's patriotic lyrics. The proficiency of Russian translators and the revelation of Armenian linguistic and national characteristics helped them interpret the linguo-stylistic peculiarities of the original and recreate their equivalent counterparts.