Spicy Plant Raw Materials in Choux Dough

Introduction. Semi-finished choux dough has neither vitamins nor minerals. However, its nutritional value can be increased by adding vegetable raw materials. The research objective was to evaluate the possibilities of using spicy vegetable raw materials in the formulation of semi-finished choux dough. Study objects and methods. The study featured fresh parsley (Petroselinum crispum), basil (Ocimum), celery (Apium) leaves and stems, and IR-dried powder of celery stalks. Standard research methods were used to determine the sensory, physico-chemical, and nutritional properties of the resulting choux samples. Results and discussion. Classical semi-finished choux dough with craquelin served as control sample. Fresh spicy vegetable raw materials degraded the sensory characteristics of the product. However, powdered celery stalks did not interfere with the taste of the choux dough. They were added in the amount of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% by weight of wheat flour. The celery powder gave the dough a sour-spicy flavor, as well as increased the content of vitamins B (up to 10%) and beta-carotene (up to 70%) in the finished product. Conclusion. The sample with 5% of IR-dried celery powder proved optimal for choux dough. It increased the content of vitamin B2 and beta-carotene, thus improving the nutritional value of the semi-finished product. In future, the powder can be tested as part of bakery filling in combination with ingredients that mask the typical celery taste.

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) Sistem Vertikultur

Tanaman kale merupakan tanaman suku Brassicaceae atau kubis-kubisan yang kaya vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C. Kale juga mengandung senyawa isotiosianat yang memiliki aktivitas antikanker. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Respati Indonesia pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Agustus 2021. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan satu faktor yaitu jenis pupuk organik terdiri dari empat perlakuan yaitu pupuk NPK, kulit bawang merah, kotoran kelinci, kotoran burung. Setiap perlakuan diulang lima ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 20 unit percobaan. Variabel penelitian meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat akar, panjang akar, diameter batang, dan berat basah tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, berat akar dan dan berat tanaman kale. Pupuk organik kotoran burung menghasilkan tinggi tanaman tertinggi yaitu 25,50 cm tetapi berbeda tidak nyata dengan kotoran kelinci. Berat akar dan berat basah tanaman kale tertinggi dihasilkan perlakuan kotoran kelinci masing-masing yaitu 2,28 gram dan 30,37 gram serta berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya. Kata Kunci: Pupuk Organik, Kulit Bawang Merah, Kotoran Kelinci, Kotoran Burung, Tanaman Kale, Sistem Vertikultur

A Survey of the Vitamin and Mineral Content in Milk from Yaks Raised at Different Altitudes

In this study, the content of vitamins and of toxic and beneficial (macro- and micro-) minerals in milk from yaks raised at different altitudes (3,215, 4,340, and 5,410 m) was investigated. For comparison, the components in cow’s milk were also measured. At higher altitudes, a significant ( P < 0.05 ) increase in vitamin A and vitamin E was observed in the yak’s milk, whereas the opposite was observed for vitamin B1 and vitamin B2. No significant statistical difference in vitamin C, Ca, P, Na, K, and Mg concentrations was observed in milk from yaks raised at different altitudes. The concentrations of Zn in milk from yaks raised at different altitudes showed no statistical difference, whereas the Mn and Fe concentrations in milk from yaks raised at 3,215 m were lower than those raised at higher altitudes. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in yak’s milk did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (Codex Alimentarius Commission), whereas their concentrations were higher in milk from yaks raised at 3,215 m than at higher altitudes. These findings indicated that the contents of vitamins and minerals in yak milk varied in different altitudes.

The Layered Encapsulation of Vitamin B2 and β-Carotene in Multilayer Alginate/Chitosan Gel Microspheres: Improving the Bioaccessibility of Vitamin B2 and β-Carotene

This research underlines the potential of alginate multilayered gel microspheres for the layered encapsulation and the simultaneous delivery of vitamin B2 (VB) and β-carotene (BC). Chitosan was used to improve the stability and controlled release ability of alginate-based gel microspheres. It was shown that a clear multilayered structure possessed the characteristics of pH response, and excellent thermal stability. The sodium alginate concentration and the number of layers had notable effects on mechanical properties and particle size of gel microspheres. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses further proved that VB and BC were encapsulated within the gel microspheres. Compared with the three-layer VB-loaded gel microspheres, the total release of VB from the three-layer VB and BC-loaded gel decreased from 93.23 to 85.58%. The total release of BC from the three-layer VB and BC-loaded gel increased from 66.11 to 69.24% compared with three-layer BC-loaded gel. The simultaneous encapsulation of VB and BC in multilayered gel microspheres can markedly improve their bioaccessibility and bioavailability. These results showed the multilayer gel microspheres synthesized herein have potential for applications in the layered encapsulation and simultaneous delivery of various bioactive substances to the intestinal tract.

Association Between Serum Vitamins and the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in Chinese Population

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and fatal neurodegenerative disease; accumulating evidence suggests that vitamin deficiency is associated with the risk of AD. However, studies attempting to elucidate the relationship between vitamins and AD varied widely. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin levels and AD in a cohort of the Chinese population. Methods: A total of 368 AD patients and 574 healthy controls were recruited in this study; serum vitamin A, B1, B6, B9, B12, C, D, and E were measured in all participants. Results: Compared with the controls, vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E were significantly reduced in AD patients. Lower levels of vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E were associated with the risk of AD. After adjusting for age and gender, low levels of vitamin B2, B9, and B12 were still related to the risk of AD. In addition, a negative correlation was determined between vitamin E concentration and Activity of Daily Living Scale score while no significant association was found between serum vitamins and age at onset, disease duration, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire score. Conclusion: We conclude that lower vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E might be associated with the risk of AD, especially vitamin B2, B9, and B12. And lower vitamin E might be related to severe ability impairment of daily activities.

The Effect of a Single Bout of Exercise on Vitamin B2 Status Is Not Different between High- and Low-Fit Females

High-fitness individuals have been suggested to be at risk of a poor vitamin B2 (riboflavin) status due to a potentially higher vitamin B2 demand, as measured by the erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR) activation coefficient (EGRAC). Longer-term exercise interventions have been shown to result in a lower vitamin B2 status, but studies are contradictory. Short-term exercise effects potentially contribute to discrepancies between studies but have only been tested in limited study populations. This study investigated if vitamin B2 status, measured by EGRAC, is affected by a single exercise bout in females who differ in fitness levels, and that represents long-term physical activity. At baseline and overnight after a 60-min cycling bout at 70% V·O2peak, EGR activity and EGRAC were measured in 31 young female adults, divided into a high-fit (V·O2peak ≥ 47 mL/kg/min, N = 15) and low-fit (V·O2peak ≤ 37 mL/kg/min, N = 16) group. A single exercise bout significantly increased EGR activity in high-fit and low-fit females (Ptime = 0.006). This response was not affected by fitness level (Ptime*group = 0.256). The effect of exercise on EGRAC was not significant (Ptime = 0.079) and not influenced by EGR activity. The exercise response of EGRAC was not significantly different between high-fit and low-fit females (Ptime*group = 0.141). Thus, a single exercise bout increased EGR activity, but did not affect EGRAC, indicating that vitamin B2 status was not affected. The exercise response on EGRAC and EGR did not differ between high-fit and low-fit females.

Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Variation in Metabolites Associated with Nutritional Values in Tef Accessions

Tef (Eragrostis tef), is a gluten-free orphan cereal, crop of nutritional and economical significance. Here we used untargeted metabolomics to survey metabolite variation in 14 diverse tef accessions at 15-days post germination. Tef genotypes were classified into four metabolomic groups where variation was linked to flavones and flavonols. Further analysis on white seeded accessions shows variation related to sucrose and important vitamins, nicotinamides (vitamin B3) riboflavin (vitamin B2) and folate (vitamin B9). Coloured seeded accessions showed variation in metabolism related to amino acid and sugars. This study highlights the potential of metabolomics in exploring the nutritional traits in tef.

Kynurenine Pathway Activation and Deviation in Fibrosing Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Background: Fibrosing chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a debilitating complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), and its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Kynurenine and its metabolites were shown to associate with both, interferon-gamma (IFNg) activation and fibrosis. This study investigates the interplay between members of the IFNγ pathway and Kynurenin-derived metabolites in cGVHD. Methods: Using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry approach on sera obtained on day+100 (n=430) and/or at onset of cGVHD symptoms (n=196) of our prospectively collected biobank after alloSCT, we measured concentrations of Kyn pathway metabolites (kynurenin (Kyn), anthranilic acid (AA), kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid (3-HAA). We also measured C-X-C chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), interleukin (IL-)18, tryptophane (Trp) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by ELISA. Results: We observed increased CXCL9 and IDO levels, and increased activity of the Kynurenine pathway in both non-severe and severe cGVHD. Interestingly, severe fibrosing cGVHD differed from any other form of cGVHD in a significant pathway shift toward AA and KA. This resulted in a reduced 3-HAA/AA ratio. A score consisting of low 3-HAA/AA ratio and high KA serum levels at onset of mild cGVHD symptoms predicted risk specifically of severe fibrosing cGVHD. This altered pathway in severe fibrosing cGVHD correlated with reduced activity of the Vitamin-B2-dependent kynurenine monooxygenase, low vitamin B6, and increased interleukin-18. Our results are consistent with a triple-hit model for fibrosing cGVHD including low activity of kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO, Vitamin B2 and B6 dependent) in the context of high IL18 serum levels and CXCL9-induced IDO activation (Figure 1). Conclusion: Chronic GVHD associates with an IFNg signature and increased activity of the Kynurenin pathway. KA and 3-HAA/AA defined the first molecular distinction between fibrosing and non-fibrosing cGVHD. The mechanism may involve Vitamin B2/B6 deficiency, and high CXCL9 and IL18. The Kyn metabolite signature is a candidate biomarker for severe fibrosing cGHVD and provides a rationale for translational trials on prophylactic Vitamin B2/B6 supplementation for cGVHD prevention. Figure 1: Triple hit model of fibrosing cGVHD (Hypothesis): Severe fibrosing cGVHD associates with a strong CXCL9-induced activation of IDO. The result of this activation is influenced by a reduced activity of kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO), either due to genetic polymorphisms or lack of Vitamin B2, and further aggravated by lack of Vitamin B6. The resulting metabolic deviation increases AA concentrations and reduces the 3-HAA/AA ratio. Finally, high IL-18 associates with increased serum KA. These three hits result in a metabolic situation with high KA and a low ratio 3-HAA/AA that predicts risk of fibrosing cGVHD. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Mueller-Tidow: Janssen Cilag: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bioline: Consultancy, Research Funding.

Khẩu phần ăn của bệnh nhân suy thận chạy thận nhân tạo tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hải Phòng năm 2021

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 88 bệnh nhân suy thận chạy thận nhân tạo tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hải Phòng, từ tháng 01 năm 2021 đến tháng 05 năm 2021 nhằm đánh giá khẩu phần ăn của bệnh nhân. Sử dụng phương pháp hỏi ghi 24 giờ để điều tra khẩu phần ăn. Kết quả cho thấy, năng lượng khẩu phần ăn trung bình là 1470,54 ± 238,2 kcal/ngày; lượng protein, lipid, carbohydrate trong khẩu phần lần lượt là 78,34 ± 14,77 g/ngày, 40,62 ± 15,01 g/ngày, 199,63 ± 43,82 g/ngày. Lượng protein, lipid đạt so với nhu cầu khuyến nghị, năng lượng đạt 87,99%, carbohydrate đạt 88,45% nhu cầu khuyến nghị. Tỷ lệ % các chất sinh năng lượng protein:lipid:carbohydrate = 21,64: 24,61: 53,75; tỷ lệ Ca/P 0,67; hàm lượng vitamin B2/1000kcal 0,54 mg không cân đối so với nhu cầu khuyến nghị. Tỷ lệ Protein động vật/Protein tổng số 67,36%; tỷ lệ Lipid thực vật/Lipid tổng số 39,98%; hàm lượng vitamin B1, PP/1000kcal lần lượt là 1,01mg và 9,73 mg cân đối so với nhu cầu khuyến nghị. Cần tăng cường công tác tư vấn chế độ ăn bệnh lý cho bệnh nhân.