Monitoring the Level of the Air Contamination by Chemical Elements Impoundment in the Snow Melt of the Snow Blanket

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
E.A. Bondarevich ◽  
N.N. Kotsurzhinskaya ◽  
O.A. Leskova ◽  
L.A. Mikhailova ◽  
G.Yu. Samoylenko
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Geochemical Conditions ◽  
Technogenic Impact

The research on the snow blanket pollution in Chita and its environs has been conducted to determine 29 chemical elements in the snow melt. It has been revealed that there is a direct causality between the pollution degree of the snow aqueous phase and the level of air pollution in the technogenesis environment. While comparing some indicators of chemical elements content and their compounds in snow melt, a critical concentration in the reference sites has been identified. It has been noted that the standard ratios compliance for this phase in the conjoint backgrounds is not always realistic, requires the MPC indicators development for the snow under technogenic impact and consideration of natural geochemical conditions and climatic factors.

scholarly journals Ragweed pollen rain impact on allergy rate and severity in Krasnodar: a three-year non-randomised controlled study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Klimenko ◽  
N. O. Milchenko ◽  
A. N. Moroz ◽  
I. I. Pavlyuchenko ◽  
E. A. Alekseenko
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ragweed Pollen ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Medical Visits

Background. The main hay fever agent in Krasnodar Krai is ragweed pollen (Ambrosia gen.). An important alerting guide for medical practitioners and allergic citizens is the seasonal anthetic calendar and pollen peak times.Objectives. Obtaining of relevant data on ragweed pollen air contamination rate in Krasnodar in a three-year-dynamics (2018–2020) to estimate the anthetic activity correlation with abiotic and anthropogenic factors and the role of pollen indicators in allergic morbidity.Methods. We surveyed the daily average ragweed pollen values in Krasnodar air. Allergic medical visits were analysed in terms of the ragweed anthetic activity and pollen air contamination of the city.Results. A maximal daily average ragweed pollen peak occurs in August: 663.35 p.g./m3 in 2018, 209.89 p.g./m3 in 2019, 80.62 p.g./m3 in 2020. Numbers of medical visits for pollinosis per a selected municipal medical facility: 314 in 2018, 335 in 2019 and 146 in 2020, with a peak period in September--October. Analyses of the air pollution impact on ragweed pollen production revealed a correlation between the pollen rate and values of CO (correlation coefficient r-0.356), NH3 (r-0.198) and dust pollution (r-0.361) in July, August, September and October 2018–2020.Conclusion. Analyses of climatic factors uncovered clear patterns: strongest anthesis corresponds to minimal humidity (<60%), the pollen grain content diminishes with lower humidities dropping to minimal with precipitations and increases at temperatures 20 °C and above. No significant dependency was observed between air pollution and the allergic pollen content. Anthesis in ragweed moderately correlates with the rate of medical visits.

scholarly journals Effects of climatic factors and air pollution on damage of London plane (Platanus hispanica Mill.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gregorová ◽  
K. Černý ◽  
V. Holub ◽  
V. Strnadová
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
London Plane

London plane (Platanus hispanica Mill.) is considered as very tolerant to pollution and other stresses and in the Czech Republic it has been unaffected by important pathogens until now. However, in recent years the health status of London plane has been significantly deteriorating. During an 11-year survey it was found out that development of London plane damage was characterized by important fluctuations. Minimum value of population damage was 3.6% and maximum 97.5%. The health status of London plane was negatively influenced by long-term precipitation totals, higher total precipitation in May, low average air temperatures in January and May and higher NO<sub>x</sub> concentrations in the vegetation season. Using the multiple regression analysis a highly significant regression model was obtained, wherein the average air temperatures in January and May explain together 84% variability of London plane population damage. During the period of the highest damage, planes were moreover affected by the pathogen Apiognomonia veneta (Sacc. et Spegg.) H&ouml;hn. &nbsp;

Assessment of Tolerance of Some Tree Species to Air Contamination Using Air Pollution Tolerance and Anticipated Performance Indices in Isfahan City, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Masoud Hatamimanesh ◽  
◽  
Samar Mortazavi ◽  
Eisa Solgi ◽  
Ahmad Mohtadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Platanus Orientalis ◽  
Anticipated Performance Index

Background: In the present study, the tolerance of plantain tree species (Platanus orientalis, Morus nigra and Ailanthus altissima) to air pollution was evaluated using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (ATPI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) index in Isfahan city (Iran). Methods: For this purpose, three dominant trees growing at six stations in Isfahan was selected and then sampling of the tree leaves was performed, after being transferred to the laboratory, the ATPI and API index were calculated. Results: The results of calculating the ATPI in the leaves of M. nigra, P. orientalis and A. altissima species showed that the highest values of ATPI index was obtained in M. nigra at 20.77 and then detected in P. orientalis and A. altissima with the values 14.90 and 14.33 respectively. According to API values Morus nigra had the best performance (Score = 6 so it classified as the Excellent) while P. orientalis and A. altissima had very good and intermediate performance, respectively. Conclusion: According to ATPI and API index most tolerant tree species was Morus nigra, so it would be the most suitable species for plantation programme in urban and pollutant areas followed by Platanus orientalis and Ailanthus altissima. As well as our results suggest that Platanus orientalis and Ailanthus altissima can be used as bio-indicators of air pollution due to their low ATPI scores (lower than 16). The present study suggests that the combination of both the ATPI and API indices for identifying and selection of plant species is very useful for plantation in urban areas.

scholarly journals Health condition of spruce stands in the Orlické hory Mts. in relation to climatic, anthropogenic and stand factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Žid ◽  
P. Čermák
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Climatic Anthropogenic ◽  
The Given ◽  
Slope Orientation ◽  
Synergetic Action

In stands with the majority of spruce and aged over 70 years, 35 sample plots were laid out (in total 700 trees) in the vicinity of Anenský vrch Hill at altitudes over 800 m above sea level. In the course of the growing season 2005, the following parameters were determined: total defoliation, defoliation of the primary structure, percentage of secondary shoots, presence and extent of yellowing and browning. In 10 selected trees, branches were taken from crowns for morphological analyses and annual length increments of branches and numbers of secondary shoots in the particular years were determined. Total defoliation and the occurrence of yellowing were related to slope orientation and position of the plot towards the ridge. The number of shoots produced in the given year correlated with the level of annual NO<sub>3</sub> deposition. The determined difference in the occurrence of yellowing between limed and unlimed plots cannot be interpreted unambiguously because limed and unlimed plots differ in exposure at the same time. The determined importance of slope orientation for the health condition of a stand shows that under the simultaneous air pollution load climatic factors are a factor deciding on the resulting effect of the synergetic action of stressors on forest stands.

Modelling the photochemical formation of high H2O2 concentrations and secondary sulfate observed during winter haze periods in the NCP

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Tilgner ◽  
Erik Hans Hoffmann ◽  
Lin He ◽  
Bernd Heinold ◽  
Can Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Chemistry Research ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;During winter, the North China Plain (NCP) is frequently characterized by severe haze conditions connected with extremely high PM2.5 and NOx concentrations, i.e. strong air pollution. The NCP is one of the most populated regions worldwide where haze periods have direct health effects. Tropospheric haze particles are a complex multiphase and multi-component environment, in which multiphase chemical processes are able to alter the chemical aerosol composition and deduced physical aerosol properties and can strongly contribute to air pollution. Despite many past investigations, the chemical haze processing is still uncertain and represents a challenge to atmospheric chemistry research. Recent NCP studies during autumn/winter 2017 haze periods have revealed unexpected high H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations of about 1&amp;#160;ppb suggesting H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; as a potential contributor to secondary PM2.5 mass, e.g., due to sulfur(IV) oxidation. However, the multiphase H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; formation under such NOx concentrations is still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed at the examination of potential multiphase H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; formation pathways, and the feedback on sulfur oxidation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multiphase chemistry simulations of a measurement campaign in the NCP are performed with the box model SPACCIM. The multiphase chemistry model within SPACCIM contains the gas-phase mechanism MCMv3.2 and the aqueous-phase mechanism CAPRAM4.0 together with both its aromatics module CAPRAM-AM1.0 and its halogen module CAPRAM-HM2.1. Furthermore, based on available literature data, the multiphase chemistry mechanism is extended considering further multiphase formation pathways of HONO and an advanced HOx mechanism scheme enabling higher in-situ H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; formations in haze particles. The simulations have been performed for three periods characterized by high H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations, high RH and PM2.5 conditions and high measurement data availability. Several sensitivity runs have been performed examining the impact of the soluble transition metal ion (TMI) content on the predicted H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; formation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Simulations with the improved multiphase chemistry mechanism shows a good agreement of the modelled H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations with field data. The modelled H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentration shows a substantial dependency on the soluble TMI content. Higher soluble TMI contents result in higher H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations demonstrating the strong influence of TMI chemistry in haze particles on H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; formation. The analysis of the chemical production and sink fluxes reveals that a huge fraction of the multiphase HO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; radicals and nearly all of the subsequently formed reaction product H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; is produced in-situ within the haze particles and does not origin from the gas phase. Further chemical analyses show that, during the morning hours, the aqueous-phase reaction of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; with S(IV) contributes considerably to S(VI) formation beside the HONO related formation of sulfuric acid by OH in the gas-phase.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, a parameterization was developed to study the particle-phase H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; formations as potential source with the global model ECHAM-HAMMOZ. The performed global modelling identifies an increase of gas-phase H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; by a factor of 2.8 through the newly identified particle chemistry. Overall, the study demonstrated that photochemical reactions of HULIS and TMIs in particles are an important H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; source leading to increased particle sulfate formation.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Current state of studying precipitation acidification in Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-52
Author(s):  
Radomir Talijan ◽  
Goran Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
The State ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Demographic Pressure ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Daily Variations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Industrial Zones

Basic relations between the state of air pollution and their effects on chemistry of precipitation were introduced in this paper. Changes in the composition of atmosphere were defined by numerous chemical elements and compounds different in character which also affect the phenomenon of acidification and alkaline processes. The interconnected sources of emission, relations between urban and rural, the regime of rainmeasuring system and climate elements combined as whole give us more complete image of the global phenomenon and its effects on cities as a contemporary social development first of all caused by industrialization, its dependance upon fosil sources of energy and demographic pressure. Characteristics of main pollutants were considered as well as their ability to modify atmospheric conditions, but also the influence of climate elements on those conditions, ph rainfall average value movement, seasonal and daily variations, the influence of industrial zones and agglomeration on the conditions in the area much wider than emitters.

scholarly journals Meteorological Variables and Suicidal Behavior: Air Pollution and Apparent Temperature Are Associated With High-Lethality Suicide Attempts and Male Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Aguglia ◽  
Gabriele Giacomini ◽  
Elisa Montagna ◽  
Andrea Amerio ◽  
Andrea Escelsior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed the impact of meteorological variables and high-lethality suicide attempts (HLSA) to assess a potential time shift of HLSA affected by climate evolution to predict the suicide attempt cases over different periods of the year. After attempting suicide, 225 subjects were admitted to the emergency ward of the IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and later to the psychiatric unit from March 2016 to July 2018. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics as well as the meteorological variables were collected. The Mann-Kendall test as well as redundancy and cross-correlation analyses were performed to analyze the trends, statistically correlations, and correspondence of the trends, respectively between suicidal behaviors and climatic factors. Sixty-seven (29.8%) committed a HLSA. Our findings indicate a significant association between HLSA and male gender and apparent temperature with a strong correlation of 75% with a phase shift of −1 month. Solar radiation and air pollution (PM2.5) have a positive correlation of 65 and 32%, respectively, with a zero-time lag. Limitations include that the data are limited to a single hospital; psychological factors, or other clinical variables that could be ruled out as a trigger have not been considered. Meteorological variables may not mirror the temperature that the patient is exposed to due to the air conditioning systems. Exploring those environmental factors associated with HLSA in a more detailed manner could lead to early intervention and prevention strategies for such distressing admissions.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of monitoring as a necessary condition for the adoption of correct decisions on the security оf technosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
V. M. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Technogenic Impact ◽  
The Status ◽  
Measurement Mode ◽  
Natural Earthquakes ◽  
Measuring Base

This article discusses the issues of ensuring the effectiveness of monitoring for correct estimates of parameter manifestations (start time, intensity and severity) of catastrophic natural (earthquakes, floods and others) and man-made (water and air pollution) processes. Organizational structure of monitoring with reasonable time and address of the measurement mode taking into account the main features and stages of forming controlled natural and technogenic processes should ensure the acquisition of data needed for further calculations of the start time of earthquakes, territorial distribution and levels of water or air pollution, etc. Besides, the article outlines requirements for the relevant qualification of engaged staff capable of correctly interpreting the results of monitoring measurements and performing the necessary calculation of numerous parameters, for example, in the case of pollution evaluation. As a result, all this allows to ensure the compliance of obtained assessments with the real condition of monitored object, which is the basis for informed decisions on a set of actions to further ensure technosphere security. Along with this, the proposed monitoring approach allows to optimize the measuring base in order to achieve the necessary efficiency in assessing the status of controlled objects and the layout of the base in terms of the characteristics of buildings and their intrinsic properties, as well as the specificity of technogenic impact and natural processes on technosphere objects.

scholarly journals Bioestabilización de excretas avícolas mediante microorganismos eficientes para el control de la contaminación ambiental

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ayda De La Cruz Balón ◽  
José Calderón ◽  
Ana María Aveiga Ortiz ◽  
Hugo Cobeña ◽  
Mailie Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
The City ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Different Doses

In the city of Calceta (Manabí, Ecuador) three poultry farms have been identified for the production of eggs, which do not perform any treatment of the excreta of the laying birds, which leads to the generation of gases and bad odors that affect the population. The present work analyzes the efficiency in the reduction of air pollution when treating poultry excreta with different doses of efficient microorganisms (EMs). The experiment was designed in a unifactorial way with four treatments, based on 5 Kg of poultry excreta. Volumetric doses were added in the following order: 0,5; 1,0; and 1,5 liters of EMs; while, 1 liter of water was added as control. The monitoring parameters were pH, humidity, ammonium and the number of colonies of Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and yeasts. The biostabilization process was evaluated with two measurements, the first at 10 days and the second at 20 days of application of the EMs. The results show that at 20 days the pH values ​​reached ranges between 8,3 and 7,6; a decrease in ammonium concentrations from 3,14 mg/L to 0,60 mg/L was achieved; in the case of humidity, there was a decrease of approximately 50%, which affected the decrease of the microbial population of yeasts, Bacillus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. in more than 90%. In conclusion, the efficient microorganisms allow the reduction of more than 70% of bad odors represented by ammonia, generated by the accumulation of poultry excreta. Index Terms— Efficient microorganisms, poultry, wastes, air contamination, aerobiology, pathogens

scholarly journals Interaction Effects of Air Pollution and Climatic Factors on Circulatory and Respiratory Mortality in Xi’an, China between 2014 and 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9027
Author(s):  
Kingsley Katleho Mokoena ◽  
Crystal Jane Ethan ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Asenso Theophilus Quachie
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Distributed Lag

Several studies have reported that air pollution and climatic factors are major contributors to human morbidity and mortality globally. However, the combined interactive effects of air pollution and climatic factors on human health remain largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the interactive effects of air pollution and climatic factors on circulatory and respiratory mortality in Xi’an, China. Time-series analysis and the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) were employed as the study design and core statistical method. The interaction relative risk (IRR) and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) for temperature and Air Quality Index (AQI) interaction on circulatory mortality were 0.973(0.969, 0.977) and −0.055(−0.059, −0.048), respectively; while for relative humidity and AQI interaction, 1.098(1.011, 1.072) and 0.088(0.081, 0.107) respectively, were estimated. Additionally, the IRR and RERI for temperature and AQI interaction on respiratory mortality were 0.805(0.722, 0.896) and −0.235(−0.269, −0.163) respectively, while 1.008(0.965, 1.051) and −0.031(−0.088, 0.025) respectively were estimated for relative humidity and AQI interaction. The interaction effects of climatic factors and AQI were synergistic and antagonistic in relation to circulatory and respiratory mortality, respectively. Interaction between climatic factors and air pollution contributes significantly to circulatory and respiratory mortality.

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