Early diagnosis of cucumber plants resistance to low light

Relevance. When growing cucumbers in a greenhouse not equipped with additional lighting, especially in winter, there is a shortage of solar energy. To obtain high yields of cucumber at this time, it is necessary to select the most resistant to low light hybrids. The selection of genotypes resistant to this trait is a very important stage in the selection of cucumber for winter-spring turnover.The purpose of the study: search for an easy-to-use method for early diagnosis of cucumber resistance to insufficient illumination.Methods. The research was carried out at the variety testing site in the Gavrish Breeding Center (Krymsk city) of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Crop Breeding, in winter-spring turnover conditions, in greenhouses not equipped with artificial lighting. Seedlings were planted in a permanent place in the greenhouse during the period of the lowest arrival of solar radiation in the year on December 21. The measurement of the height of the main stem was carried out on 31 days after planting the plants in a permanent place.Results. Measuring the height of the main stem before fruiting showed a significant variation of this trait in different cucumber hybrids. Further study of the correlation of the height of the main stem and yield revealed their high dependence. This fact suggests that a fairly simple measurable parameter has been found for evaluating different cucumber genotypes on the basis of resistance to low light. Regression analysis made it possible to divide the variability of the studied genotypes by yield into a dependent part of the height of the main stem and an additional one, which makes up to 30% of the yield increase. Further analysis of the high-yielding group has a high breeding value.

MICROSTRUCTURAL CORRELATIONS IN SHORT-ALIGNED GLASS FIBER COMPOSITES

Research shows that in unidirectional composites, fiber breaks and clusters of fiber breaks play a role in the failure onset of the composites [1]. So far, we know no attempts to the date have been made to analyze the fiber break development in short-aligned fiber composites, specifically using E-glass HYBON 2026. O[1]ur challenge is to determine whether there is a similar behavior in aligned short composites and its relationship with the microstructural parameter of fiber orientation distribution. This is important as it is measurable parameter to add value to recycled fiber composites. The more aligned the composite the higher mechanical properties and the higher the added value for recycling. We focused on using synchrotron x-ray computed tomography while performing hold-at-displacement scans to evaluate the fiber microstructure. We found the fiber breaks do not have the same orientation distribution as the non-broken fibers.

Corneal Cross-Linking for Paediatric Keratoconus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

All corneal cross-linking techniques attenuated disease progression in patients with pediatric keratoconus for at least one year based on a meta-analysis. A standard and accelerated technique led to marked improvement in visual acuity. We determined the efficacy and safety of corneal cross-linking (CXL) in pediatric keratoconus by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. The PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant studies on the effects of standard, transepithelial, and/or accelerated CXL protocols in patients aged 18 years or younger. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare the data collected at baseline and 12 months. The primary outcomes were maximum keratometry (Kmax) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and the secondary outcomes were the thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent or cylindrical refraction. Our search yielded 7913 publications, of which 26 were included in our systematic review and 21 were included in the meta-analysis. Standard CXL significantly improved the Kmax, UCVA, and BCVA, and significantly decreased the TCT. Accelerated CXL significantly improved UCVA and BCVA. In the transepithelial and accelerated-transepithelial CXL methods, each measurable parameter did not change after treatments. All CXL techniques attenuated disease progression in patients with pediatric keratoconus for at least one year. Standard and accelerated CXL led to marked improvement in visual acuity.

Best Practices for Avoiding Erosion in Annular Fracturing

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 204417, “Avoiding Erosion: Best Practices for Coiled Tubing Annular Fracturing Operations,” by Kaveh Yekta, SPE, and Jamie Fenwick, SPE, Essential Energy Services, and Kevin Elliott, SPE, NOV, et al., prepared for the 2021 SPE/ICoTA Virtual Well Intervention Conference, 22–25 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The onset of erosion of coiled tubing (CT) strings may be difficult to predict in annular fracturing operations. The complete paper describes a methodology of verifying that CT strings have not been subject to erosion caused by annular fracturing operations. An exploration of pumping rates used on these strings in operations also provides field-tested practical guidelines for avoiding erosion when performing annular fracturing jobs. Inspection A CT string may be exposed to erosion in the outer surface during CT annular fracturing operations. The critical parameters that may influence the magnitude of erosion include fracturing pump rate, sand concentration, fluid rheology, wellbore geometry, and the grade of CT string. One measurable parameter to examine the string’s suitability is the wall thickness for each section. The CT strings discussed in the complete paper were sent for inspection to learn about the effect of the fracturing treatment. A series of nondestructive tests was conducted pre- and post-operation to evaluate the readiness of strings for subsequent operations. The complete paper includes two graphs related to the results of these tests. Materials The API 5ST specification requires using eddy current (EC) inspection for CT. With respect to API 5ST, quenched and tempered tubing had not been addressed at the time of this paper’s submission, so it is not clear whether the CT manufacturers employ EC techniques after quenching and tempering. However, it is expected that all tubing will be subject to EC inspection at least before any quenching and tempering operations. Inspection methodology and equipment consistency is important to establish a baseline inspection necessary for subsequent comparisons. In the case of the CT strings used in this study, all were subject to EC inspection at tubing manufacturing and then subsequently inspected by an outside, third-party vendor using magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technology when spooling the strings on the unit. No known third-party EC vendors can inspect string lengths of CT, so MFL inspection is the only available solution. Photographs of CT inspections taken at the manufacturing facility and the service and distribution point are included in the paper. Several commercial third-party inspection companies operate in North America, where this work was performed. Provided that the inspection can begin by identifying features in the calibration standard (often a through-drilled hole), the selection of inspection methodology is primarily a matter of preference for the service company and operator.

ADVERTISING IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: STUDYING THE IMPACT ON THE CONSUMER IN THE SEMIOTIC PARADIGM

The purpose of the article is to expand the understanding of the impact of advertising in social networks on consumers in the aspect of the semiotic paradigm. The authors presented the dynamic effects of advertising exposure on consumers in social networks, which can deepen the understanding of the nature and effectiveness of this method of advertising. The article demonstrates the theoretical basis for using the semiotic triangle for advertising on social networks. This broadens the understanding of the dynamic effects of advertising on social networks arising from the influence of two factors: social support and social presence. The data obtained indicate the practical possibility of using the semiotic paradigm when creating advertising in social networks through the mechanism of mental interaction. The study proves that the mental activity of users is a measurable parameter when studying the impact of advertising on social networks. The data obtained will allow advertisers to create a mechanism for mental interaction between users and advertising on social networks.

Perancangan Sistem Peringatan Longsor dan Deteksi Pergeseran Tanah Menggunakan Metode Telemetri

ABSTRACTDesign of Landslide Potential Warning System and Land Shifting Using Telemetry Method: According to the 2019 BNBP Performance Report, landslides are the fourth most frequent disaster in Indonesia, so we need a telemetry tool for land shifting. This system consists of ATMega328 Microcontroller, Linear Variable Differential Transformer sensor and rheostat, accelerometer sensor, rain gauge tipping bucket, and HC-12 wireless communication module. Normally, LVDT sensor reads ground shift in the 0-20 mm range, rheostat shifting up to 66 mm, accelerometer sensor reads data less than 20 deg and rain gauge tipping bucket sensor generates the amount of rainfall below 50 mm/hour which is sent data regularly to user. Warning alarms installed in these prone area will sound if the LVDT sensor reads ground shift30 mm, rheostat51 mm, accelerometer sensor reads data more than 45°, and rain gauge tipping bucket sensor reads more than 70 mm/hour. This test produces measurable parameter data so that it can be displayed and provide warning information.Keywords: alarm warning; ATMega 328; land shifting; landslides; telemetry.ABSTRAKMenurut Laporan Kinerja BNBP 2019, tanah longsor merupakan bencana yang sering terjadi urutan keempat di Indonesia, sehingga perlu suatu alat telemetri terhadap pergeseran tanah. Sistem ini terdiri atas Mikrokontroler ATMega328, sensor Linear Variable Differential Transformer dan rheostat, sensor accelerometer, sensor rain gauge tipping bucket, dan modul komunikasi wireless HC-12. Normalnya, sensor LVDT membaca pergeseran tanah pada range 0-20 mm, rheostat mampu melakukan pergeseran hingga 66 mm, sensor accelerometer membaca data kurang dari 20 deg, dan sensor rain gauge tipping bucket menghasilkan jumlah curah hujan dibawah 50 mm/jam yang kemudian data dikirim secara rutin ke user. Alarm peringatan yang terpasang di daerah rawan tersebut akan berbunyi jika sensor LVDT membaca pergeseran tanah 30 mm, rheostat 51 mm, sensor accelerometer membaca data lebih dari 45 derajat, dan sensor rain gauge tipping bucket membaca data lebih dari 70 mm/jam. Pengujian ini menghasilkan data parameter yang terukur sehingga dapat ditampilkan dan memberikan informasi peringatan.Kata Kunci: alarm peringatan; ATMega 328; pergeseran tanah; tanah longsor; telemetri

P1091DYNAMICS OF VASCULAR REFILLING IN EXTENDED NOCTURNAL HAEMODIALYSIS

Background and Aims Refilling volume had not been a measurable parameter in clinical practice so far, because the knowledge of absolute blood volume (BV) is necessary. Recently, we developed a simple method to determine absolute BV, thus enabling quantification of the refilling volume. The overnight dialysis is particularly suitable for studying the refilling process due to negligible external influences and the extended treatment time. Method At the beginning of the dialysis (t=0), before starting the ultrafiltration (UF), a defined online bolus of 240 ml dialysate was infused by pressing the emergency button on the haemodiafiltration (HDF) machine (5008, FMC). The subsequent increase in relative BV (RBVpost-RBVpre) was measured with the integrated BV monitor, and absolute BV at t=0 was calculated: absolute BV in ml = bolus volume 240 ml x 100% / increase in relative BV in%. Absolute BV at any other time t was calculated as: Vt = V0 x RBVt (in %) / 100 At constant UF rate refilling volume (Vref) is given for every hour (h) as: Vref h = UFV h – drop in absolute BVh (beginning – end) The refilling fraction is expressed as refilling/UF ratio: Ref% = Vref/UFV x 100, in % Before treatment, volume overload was evaluated by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) using the body composition monitor (FMC). Results Refilling volume and refilling fraction were studied in 10 stable chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients during an extended (7 hour) nocturnal HD session. Specific BV at treatment start was 74.9 ± 11.8 mL/kg and dropped to 68.6 mL/kg at dialysis end. The constant UF rate was set to 406 ± 120 mL/h (specific UF rate 4.81 ± 1.83 mL/kg/h). In the first hour refilling volume amounted only to 23% of UF volume. Refilling fraction reached its maximum in the 2nd, 3 rd and 4th hour at about mean 90% (91.5%, 88.7%, and 91.1% respectively) of UF volume. From the 5th hour on, refilling volume and refilling fraction decreased (5th hour 81.3%, 6th hour 72.5%, and 7th hour 70.0% of UF volume). In the 5th hour, cumulative UF volume exceeded volume overload (1.1 ± 1.0 L) measured by BIS in 9 of 10 patients. Refilling fraction cumulatively increased up to the 4th hour. Thereafter, cumulative ratio remained constant at 70 – 75% due to the decrease in refilling volume. This did not change during the further course of dialysis. Cumulative refilling volume showed a strong correlation (r2 = 0.88; p<0.001) with UF volume. Conclusion After the first hour, when sufficient refilling takes place, refilling volume is in a stable ratio of approximately 90 % of UF volume. Refilling is low in the first hour, and, therefore, refilling volume amounted cumulatively only about 70 to 75% of UF volume during usual dialysis duration. Thereby, absolute BV will be reduced by approximately 250 to 300 ml per liter UF. This must be taken into account in volume management in order to avoid intradialytic complications. As expected, refilling decreases when volume overload in the interstitial space is removed. Due to the reduced refilling, there will be an additional gap in BV.

Laboratory tests for aerobic bioremediation of the contaminated sites in the Czech Republic

Laboratory-scale testing methods applicable to evaluation of contaminated subsurface microbial communities are discussed in relation to their potential in supporting effective site bioremediation. Both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques are considered here with special emphasis on their capacity to contribute to bioremediation system design, in optimal cases by providing information on contaminant degradation rates. In this regard, microbial soil respiration tests seem to be the most useful tool since microbial soil respiration is a sensitive and easily measurable parameter for determination of metabolic activity within the sample and is closely related to other microbial parameters such as microbial biomass.