Non-Specific GH30_7 Endo-β-1,4-xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus

This study describes the catalytic properties of a GH30_7 xylanase produced by the fungus Talaromyces leycettanus. The enzyme is an ando-β-1,4-xylanase, showing similar specific activity towards glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, and rhodymenan (linear β-1,3-β-1,4-xylan). The heteroxylans are hydrolyzed to a mixture of linear as well as branched β-1,4-xylooligosaccharides that are shorter than the products generated by GH10 and GH11 xylanases. In the rhodymenan hydrolyzate, the linear β-1,4-xylooligosaccharides are accompanied with a series of mixed linkage homologues. Initial hydrolysis of glucuronoxylan resembles the action of other GH30_7 and GH30_8 glucuronoxylanases, resulting in a series of aldouronic acids of a general formula MeGlcA2Xyln. Due to the significant non-specific endoxylanase activity of the enzyme, these acidic products are further attacked in the unbranched regions, finally yielding MeGlcA2Xyl2-3. The accommodation of a substituted xylosyl residue in the −2 subsite also applies in arabinoxylan depolymerization. Moreover, the xylose residue may be arabinosylated at both positions 2 and 3, without negatively affecting the main chain cleavage. The catalytic properties of the enzyme, particularly the great tolerance of the side-chain substituents, make the enzyme attractive for biotechnological applications. The enzyme is also another example of extraordinarily great catalytic diversity among eukaryotic GH30_7 xylanases.

RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN GEGURITAN NENGAH JIMBARAN

<p><em>Geguritan Nengah Jimbaran as a material object in this study is a traditional Balinese literary work written by Cokorda Mantuk Ring Rana. This study uses a qualitative approach that focuses on finding the meanings of religious moderation in the Geguritan Nengah Jimbaran text. The hermeneutic method is applied to understand and interpret the meaning and intention of Cokorda Mantuk Ring Rana in his writing. Based on the analysis carried out at Geguritan Nengah Jimbaran, it shows Balinese people are indeed dominated by Hindus but they have a great tolerance and can live harmoniously side by side among different faith during the reign of Cokorda Mantuk Ring Rana. It can be concluded that religious tolerance as one of the spirits of religious moderation has long been present and has become a habit of Balinese people today.</em></p>

Phothochemical quenching is indicative of ionic stress on ‘Tahiti’ acid lime grafted on citrus genotypes

HIGHLIGHTS Salinity increases photochemical heat loss in citrus plants. Genotypes that provide great tolerance lose less energy. ‘Tahiti’ acid lime can be grown under moderate natural salinity when tolerant rootstocks are used.

Deoxyfluorination of acyl fluorides to trifluoromethyl compounds by FLUOLEAD®/Olah’s reagent under solvent-free conditions

A new protocol enabling the formation of trifluoromethyl compounds from acyl fluorides has been developed. The combination of FLUOLEAD® and Olah’s reagent in solvent-free conditions at 70 °C initiated the significant deoxyfluorination of the acyl fluorides and resulted in the corresponding trifluoromethyl products with high yields (up to 99%). This strategy showed a great tolerance for various acyl fluorides containing aryloyl, (heteroaryl)oyl, or aliphatic acyl moieties, providing good to excellent yields of the trifluoromethyl products. Synthetic drug-like molecules were also transformed into the corresponding trifluoromethyl compounds under the same reaction conditions. A reaction mechanism is proposed.

CRECIMIENTO Y DESEMPEÑO GENERAL DE JUVENILES SILVESTRES DE MERO GUASA Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein) MANTENIDOS EN JAULAS FLOTANTES BAJO DIFERENTES CONDICIONES DE CULTIVO.

An experimental culture trial of wild juveniles of jewfish Epinephelus itajara was conducted in two different places in the north coast of Colombia in order to evaluate the growth rate of the species and its tolerance to captivity conditions. Two different groups of fish were evaluated in each place, one fed on an artificial diet and the other on trash fish. All fish were held in floating cages for periods ranging from 63 to 89 days. Results showed excellent individual daily weight increase (6,83 and 12,4 g/day) and specific growth rate (1,4 y 0,96 %/day) for fish fed on trash fish in both places but conversion ratio was too high and inadequate (9,01 and 9,97). Trials with the artificial diet gave negative results because the fish didn’t accept the pellets satisfactorily. During the culture period the fish showed great tolerance to manipulation, disease resistance and adaptability to extreme fluctuations in water quality (O2 = 0,9-7,1 mg/L; salinity = 7-37). Sacrifice and processing of the fish indicated that in order to meet best market standards fish should be grown-up to a final weight around 1,9 kg to obtain two whole and skinned fillets of 280 g each. It is concluded that the jewfish has important advantages for its culture like a fast growth rate and a great tolerance to extreme fluctuations in water quality. Main limitations for commercial culture are the absence of technology for hatchery seed production and the lack of an artificial diet with the presentation, palatability and composition required.

AALS Annual Convention Plenary Panel: Impact of Globalization on Human Rights

To be both a dean and an international lawyer requires perpetual optimism and great tolerance for dealing with uncertainty. Drawing on those characteristics, I will try to offer one positive account of how globalization can be used to improve human rights. I will say at the outset that there is no panacea here. This is at best a very partial solution, but at least a constructive one.

Homosexuality

By the majority of individuals, and even of medical men, homo sexuality has simply been regarded as a disgusting perversion which merits no further interest or investigation. This disgust and revolt of the moral sense is explained by Freud as due in great part to the existence in the ordinary mind of a homosexual component of the sex instinct, which finds indirect expression in condemnation of homosexuality in others, in the same way as the repression of the sexual instinct in the prude expresses itself in the condemnation of normal sexual activity. This idea seems to be confirmed by the great tolerance of homosexuality we see in some countries where sex repression is also much lessened. We must bear in mind that man is not the purely reasoning individual he deludes himself he his, and it is certain that he is largely swayed by unconscious emotional forces which warp his thought and action. The student of science is by no means an exception, and we should do well when new theories come before us, and controversy is apt to be rife, to dip thoughtfully into the chapters on the psychology of belief.