STABLE BUSINESS POLICIES HELP IN ACHIEVING THE BUSINESS TARGETS: AN INVESTIGATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS BUSINESS IN DISTRICT CENTRAL, KARACHI, PAKISTAN

Expedition of the growth of a country’s economy in the wake of entrepreneurial activity is significant. As skills are utilized and knowledge is applied, the entrepreneurs establish new businesses, and the enhancement of the latter is brought about through their sagacious decision-making and ingenuity. At one end, where entrepreneurial activities have been a boon to the societal progress; they have sped up development of economies worldwide. This can be attributed to a gamut of factors, which include, societies’ expansion on the grounds of industrialization and urbanization; nurture of a culture of more information and awareness; formal training of the entrepreneurs; and, relaxed legal procedures. This study lays down emphasis on how upholding stable business policies can positively impact an entrepreneurial venture. Employing a well-developed and verified scale, data collection from 230 respondents was done on a convenience basis. The respondents chosen for this survey among whom the distribution of questionnaires was conducted were all situated in various localities of the District Central of Karachi, Pakistan; and descriptive statistics were applied on the variables pertinent for this study such as the establishment of stable business policies, continuation of the existing business policies, and achievement of the business targets based on the stable policies. It is intended that this research article shall serve to augment the scholarly literature that already exists on the subject matter that pinpoints the significance of the stable and continuous policies for an entrepreneurial business involved in the primary schooling businesses across the District Central of Karachi, Pakistan. This research paper addresses the need of having stable business policies for Pakistani entrepreneurs, and envisions itself to be one of the blueprints that can be considered by the relevant regulatory bodies while they make informed decisions. A well sketched out itinerary of initiatives could then be composed, which can assist in the meeting of the targets of entrepreneurial ventures, and eventually help in eradicating poverty from Pakistan.

Al-Sajā’ir wa shabakat al-‘ulamā’ al-Miṣrīyīn fī Nusantara: Dirāsah fī makhṭūṭ “Bāb fī bayan shurb al-dukhān”

This study reveals on fatwas concerning cigarettes in the Archipelago in the 19th century. The primary source is an Arabic manuscript from Kuningan, West Java, digitized by DREAMSEA, entitled “Bāb fī Bayān Ḥukm Shurb al-Dukhān”. It does not only use arguments from sharia, the interpretation of ulama, and health reasons but also refers to myths and conspiracies. This study finds that this manuscript mentions the existence of ḥaram (prohibited) and makrūh (not legally forbidden but discouraged) on cigarettes referring to two Egyptian ulama in the 17th century. Through analyzing fiqh and social history, this philological study discloses the connection between its author with the Egyptian’s ulama networks as a new center for ideas of Islamic civilization aside from Haramayn. Hence, the arguments of the manuscript openly consider many aspects of sharia in responding to such a new tradition (cigarettes) in the Muslim community. This is different from similar manuscripts discussing this kind of fatwa in the 19th century which only judge as haram so that it is considered politically as a form of a critique against the colonial’ tobacco business policies.

The Oil and Gas Sector in India: Balancing Business Policies and Public Interest by the Supreme Court of India

Indian authorities have formulated and implemented several policies for exploration, production, refining, transportation, and distribution of its Oil & Gas (O&G) resources. With respect to governance of O&G industry, though, the Indian Constitution envisions larger role of Central government, however, the legislative power, over O&G resources, has been in contention between Centre and States over the past seven decades. Moreover, the legislative power of the central government over O&G resources is subject to ‘public interest’ ensuring that the resources are regulated for common good. The interaction between business policies and public interest, and law-making power between Centre and States have been subject to the Supreme Court's (Court's) review covering the constitutional aspects of O&G sector. These constitutional decisions determined the energy progression in India, especially understanding the ‘shape and form’ of energy justice in India. The paper analyses the role of the Supreme Court of India in balancing public interest and business policies through mapping of all the constitutional cases and also important administrative matters, consecutively laying down the foundation of distributive energy justice in India.

Understanding Social Media Marketing activities in Western Balkans

Digital marketing activities through social media are being developed extensively by firms in the Western Balkans region, therefore the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of social media marketing activities on increasing sales of SMEs in the Western Balkans, with special emphasis on those of Kosovo. Using a sample of 100 manufacturing SMEs, we have researched the impact of digital marketing activities which are carried out through social media, on increasing the sales or turnover of these SMEs. The achieved results were analyzed through probit regression. The results show that facebook is mostly used for business activities in these SMEs. Also, the analyzed SMEs give a lot of importance to the opinions and comments of consumers expressed on social media. They design their business policies based on the comments and opinions received from online consumers. This empirical research provides data on the implementation of social media marketing activities by SMEs in the Western Balkans region.

A Study on Selection and Designing an Appropriate Business Policies and Strategic Management

Every business needs policy and management strategies for proper functioning and brilliant productivity. These are the backbone of any organization which is predefining action for any task and problem. In this report, we’ll discuss various aspects of a business effect by policies and management strategies. This will give an insight into policies and management strategies their creation and implementation. A company with well-planned policies and management protocols will thrive over time without facing huge issues.

Covid Impact on Small Business

The sudden attack of COVID-19 has affected human lives and economies to a great extent. The lockdown and restrictions taken as measures by the government to stop the spread of the coronavirus are responsible to shut down many small businesses permanently. In this paper, we will get an idea of how the pandemic has affected small businesses. The world witnessed the largest fall in the number of active businesses. The supply chain got affected due to this and as a result, this affected global trade. Research shows that the impact of the pandemic on the small business and employees have changed the overall business policies facing economic imbalance.

Post-pandemic recovery will be protracted in Peru

Significance Peru’s previously buoyant economy has been badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, contracting by around 13.38% in the first ten months of this year. Investment has been hit, as have employment and poverty levels. With a ballooning fiscal deficit, Peru is being forced to rely on foreign borrowing to cover much-needed public investment. Impacts Peru will remain credit-worthy over the medium term despite Fitch's outlook downgrade to negative yesterday. Political opposition to pro-business policies will gain force. Social recovery will be particularly slow to materialise.

Considerations for Stakeholders of Medical Tourism

Several countries are competing for a higher share in the billion dollar medical tourism market, which is expected to reach USD 28 billion by 2024. The situation is as interesting as it can get. A whole new economy has prospered around medical tourism with various stakeholders including patients, hospitals, insurers, medical tourism facilitators, and the government. The concerns of these stakeholders ought to be diverse but should not be diverging for the industry to function appropriately. The motive of this chapter is to review the economy around medical tourism from stakeholder perspectives and enlist the factors to consider while designing business policies.