Raising Concerns at Work in the Swedish Healthcare and Educational Sectors: Silence and Voice Climates

This article is based on an interview study of workers in Sweden’s healthcare and educational sectors who raise or withhold concerns about conditions at the workplace. Five groups of climates regarding concerns raised internally were found: A high voice climate, a moderate voice climate, a restrained voice climate, a resignation silence climate, and a silence and fear climate. A democratic leadership orientation lays the foundation for a voice climate based on trust and open dialogue. Silence and fear climates are created by an autocratic and retaliative leadership orientation. Also, a laissez-faire leadership can have a silencing effect on the workplace climate. Autocratic leadership and a hierarchical view on communication are silencers both regarding concerns raised internally and externally. If organisations are exposed to competition, loyalty towards the organisations tends to be strengthened in order to protect the brand, thus having a silencing effect on raising concerns externally. As a consequence, teacher practise self-censorship in order to conceal problems at their school, thereby protecting the school’s reputation on the market.

Rethinking Aural Skills Instruction through Cognitive Research

This essay responds to three papers appearing in this issue that relate music-cognitive research to aural skills pedagogy. Gary S. Karpinski focuses on tonic inference as support for do-based minor solfège pedagogy. My discussion supports this position, with evidence from key-profile experiments and corpus analyses. Timothy Chenette proposes a perceptually based learning sequence for aural skills instruction. He sketches a model curriculum, to which I propose a staffing solution and offer a research-based challenge: the high-voice superiority principle. Finally, Sarah Gates considers what the cognitive sciences can tell us about auditory imagery. I offer classroom strategies that take advantage of motor-area activation in the brain.

The role of characterisation in everyday voice engagement and AVATAR therapy dialogue

Background Voices are commonly experienced as communication with a personified ‘other’ with ascribed attitudes, intentionality and personality (their own ‘character’). Phenomenological work exploring voice characterisation informs a new wave of relational therapies. To date, no study has investigated the role of characterisation in behavioural engagement with voices or within psychological therapy for distressing voices. Methods Baseline characterisation (the degree to which the voice is an identifiable and characterful entity) of the dominant voice was rated (high, medium or low) using a newly developed coding framework, for n = 60 people prior to starting AVATAR therapy. Associations between degree of characterisation and (i) everyday behavioural engagement with voices (The Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire-Revised; n = 60); and (ii) interaction within avatar dialogue [Session 4 Time in Conversation (participant–avatar); n = 45 therapy completers] were explored. Results Thirty-three per cent reported high voice characterisation, 42% medium and 25% low. There was a significant association between characterisation and behavioural engagement [H(2) = 7.65, p = 0.022, ɛ2 = 0.130] and duration of participant–avatar conversation [F(2,42) = 6.483, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.236]. High characterisation was associated with increased behavioural engagement compared with medium (p = 0.004, r = 0.34; moderate effect) and low (p = 0.027, r = 0.25; small−moderate effect) with a similar pattern observed for the avatar dialogue [high v. medium: p = 0.008, Hedges’ g = 1.02 (large effect); high v. low: p = 0.023, Hedges' g = 1.03 (large effect)]. No differences were observed between medium and low characterisation. Discussion Complex voice characterisation is associated with how individuals interact with their voice(s) in and out of therapy. Clinical implications and future directions for AVATAR therapy and other relational therapies are discussed.

Reducing aggressive behaviour among children in educational and social practices

Current study research possible strategies in reducing aggressive behaviour of 3 target groups – preschoolers, at-risk children deprived of parental care and youth with severe disabilities. Target group 1 is researched within gathering evidence of the attitude of Bulgarian teachers and parents (n=1436) towards the Emotional Intelligence education of the preschoolers by applying a questionnaire with 7 items Likert scale. Bulgarian children without parents (n=40) comprised intervention within 4 interaction strategies using normal and high voice, positive and negative language and have been subjected to surveillance in a pre-standardized checklist. Children and youth with severe disabilities in Bulgaria comprised intervention (n=12) in a non-verbal alternative communication program and have been subjected by questionnaires and surveillance. Results of current study demonstrate that developing emotional intelligence and using different language and alternative strategies would reduce the aggression but should be considerate with individual specifics of children and current educational and social reality

Analisis Tanda dan Gejala Resiko Perilaku Kekerasan pada Pasien Skizofrenia

Perilaku kekerasan adalah suatu keadaan dimana seseorang melakukan tindakan yang dapat membahayakan secara fisik, baik pada dirinya sendiri maupun orang lain, disertai dengan amuk dan gaduh gelisah tak terkontrol.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukMenganalisa Gambaran Tanda dan Gejala Resiko Perilaku Kekerasan pada pasien di RSJ Tampan ProvinsiRiau.Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 16 responden dengan teknikeccidental sampling.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian desain deskriptif.Variabel dependen diukur menggunakan lembar observasi tanda dan gejala resiko perilaku kekerasan yang disusun peneliti dengan 10 item pernyataan didapatkan hasil observasi muka merah dan tegang (ya 15, tidak 1), mata melotot/ pandangan tajam (ya 15, tidak 1), mengepalkan tangan (ya 16), mengatup rahang dengan kuat (ya 12, tidak 4), bicara kasar (ya 16), suara tinggi, menjerit atau berteriak (ya 16), mengancam secara verbal dan fisik (ya 14, tidak 2), melempar atau memukul benda/orang lain (ya 13, tidak 3), merusak barang atau benda (ya 7, tidak 9), tidak mempunyai kemampuan untuk mengontrol kemampuan perilaku kekerasan (ya 6, tidak 10). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwaTanda dan gejala yang sering muncul pada orang dengan resiko perilaku kekerasan yaitu : mengepalkan tangan, bicara kasar, suara tinggi, menjerit atau berteriak Kata kunci: tanda dan gejala, perilaku kekerasan SIGN AND SYMPTOMP ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE BEHAVIOUR FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS ABSTRACTViolent behavior is a condition in which a person commits an act that can be physically harmful, both to himself and others, accompanied by anger and uncontrollable nervousness. The aim of this study was to analyze the description of signs and symptoms of the risk of violent behavior in patients at Tampan Hospital in Riau Province. This study was conducted on 16 respondents with eccidental sampling techniques. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive design research design. Variable. The dependent variable was measured using observation sheets of signs and symptoms of risk of violent behavior compiled by the researcher with 10 statement items obtained from the observation of red and tense face (yes 15, no 1), eyes glaring / sharp eyes (yes 15, no 1), fist ( yes 16), firmly jaws closed (yes 12, no 4), rough talk (yes 16), high voice, scream or scream (yes 16), verbally and physically threatening (yes 14, no 2), throw or hit objects / other people (yes 13, no 3), damaging goods or objects (yes 7, no 9), do not have the ability to control the ability of violent behavior (yes 6, no 10). The results of this study indicate that signs and symptoms that often appear in people at risk of violent behavior, namely: clenching fists, talking roughly, high voices, screaming or screaming. Recommendations for future researchers to be able to conduct further research so that they can examine what therapies can be done in patients at risk of violent behavior. Keywords: signs and symptoms, violent behavior

Vocal activity profile and dysphonia coping strategies in subjects with laryngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify the vocal activity participation and the dysphonia coping strategies of subjects with laryngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy. Methods: a cross-sectional trial involving 17 individuals with laryngeal cancer treated only by radiotherapy with vocal complaints after radiotherapy management. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian versions of Voice Activity and Participation Profile and Voice Disability Coping Questionnaire protocols were applied. Results: there was a prevalence of male participants (n=16) and the mean age was 62 years. All were former smokers and 15 were former drinkers. Voice Activity and Participation Profile in mean scores was: overall,141.2, self-perception of vocal problem, 6.2, effect at work, 19.1, effects on daily communication, 60.5, effects on media, 20.1, and effects on their emotional, 36.7. In Voice Disability Coping Questionnaire mean scores were: overall,71.7, focusing on problem, 33, and focusing on emotion, 38.9. Conclusion: the participants had high Voice Activity and Participation Profile scores as compared to the literature scores considered for dysphonic individuals in general, and activity with effects on daily communication was the most affected. Voice Disability Coping Questionnaire demonstrates that these patients adopt dysphonia coping strategies with greater focus on emotion.

Wolsink et al., Dual Cognitive Pathways to Voice Quality

We investigate the involvement of Working Memory Capacity (WMC, the cognitive resource necessary for controlled elaborate thinking) in voice behavior (speaking up with suggestions, problems, and opinions to change the organization). While scholars assume voice requires elaborate thinking, some empirical evidence suggests voice might be more automatic. To explain this discrepancy, we distinguish between voice quantity (frequency of voice) and voice quality (novelty and value of voiced information) and propose that WMC is important for voice quality, but not voice quantity. Furthermore, we propose that people who voice often need less WMC to reach high voice quality than people who voice rarely. To test our ideas, we conducted three studies: a between-participant lab-study, a within-participant experiment, and a multi-source field-study. These studies confirmed that voice quantity is unrelated to WMC. Voice quality is positively related to WMC, but only for those who rarely voice. This indicates that the decision to voice (quantity) might be more automatic and intuitive than often assumed, whereas its value to the organization (quality), relies more on the degree of cognitive elaboration of the voicer. It also suggests that frequent and infrequent voicers use distinct cognitive pathways to voice high quality information: frequent voicers improvise, while infrequent voicers elaborate.

Institutional Structures and the Prevalence of Foreign Ownership of Firms

This chapter examines how country-level institutional structures influence the prevalence of foreign ownership of firms in Africa. It reinforces the new institutional economics perspective by empirically highlighting that institutional structures influence the prevalence of foreign ownership of companies in an economy. Using archival data from 39 African economies, the authors found that there is a significant positive association between regulatory quality and foreign ownership prevalence. Also, foreign ownership is prevalent in African countries that are politically stable and embrace rule of law. However, the authors found that countries with high voice and accountability structures are associated with low foreign ownership prevalence.