ANALYSIS OF KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BAROMEMBRANE AND ELECTROBARMEMBRANE SEPARATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE SOLUTION

The paper presents a generalized analysis of literature data on the current-voltage, omics characteristics and electrical conductivity of membrane systems. Based on an analysis of the literature, it is noted that electrodialysis is a promising method for the separation of solutions for the production of ammonium nitrate. An analysis of literature revealed that the application of an external constant electric field to the membrane separation of solutions containing charge-transporting components (nitrate ions and ammonium ions) causes the directed transfer of cations and anions through the membranes. The studies revealed that with the baromembrane separation of the studied solutions with increasing transmembrane pressure, the specific output stream increases. This is due to an increase in the driving force of the process. For the OFAM-K anode membrane, with an increase in the current density, with the electrobaromembrane separation of the ammonium nitrate solution, the specific output stream decreases, which is associated with a change in the pH value of the acidified anode permeate. nd for the OPMN-P cathode membrane, the specific output stream increases with a change in the pH of the alkalized cathode permeate. A modified mathematical equation is proposed for theoretical calculation of the specific output stream and the retention coefficient of the OFAM-K and OPMN-P nanofiltration membranes. Experimental studies of membrane systems equipped with the anode OFAM-K and the near-cathode OPMN-P membranes from voltage and transmembrane pressure revealed that for the aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate there are two characteristic periods on the current-voltage, omics characteristics and electrical conductivity of the membrane system (the first period is beyond regime, dissociation of water (H+ and OH-) at the phase boundary with the advent of additional electric current carriers, the second is the degradation of the active layer of a semipermeable membrane). When studying the current-voltage characteristics of a membrane system equipped with an anode OFAM-K and a near-cathode OPMN-P membranes, when separating model and technological solutions, a decrease in the total omics resistance of the system is observed, which is associated with the solution throttling process.

SIMULATION OF ASYMMETRICALLY DISTRIBUTED PROCESSES

The article deals with the problems of modeling asymmetrically distributed stochastic processes and assessing the quality of the modeling process based on the use of the Pearson chi-square criterion. The problems that arise in each individual case of modeling are identified. As a method of generating an output stream of random numbers distributed according to a given law of probability distribution, the method of inverse functions is proposed, and as a generator of the input stream, it is proposed to use a stream generated by the Mersenne generator. The analysis of research methods and evaluation of computer models of stochastic processes is given and the choice of a nonparametric research method based on histograms is substantiated. Suggestions on the choice of their main parameters are provided: the size of the interval for separating the statistical set of values of the output stream of the model and the number of such intervals, calculated on the basis of the size of the statistical sample. It is shown that the quality of statistical material significantly affects the success of modeling. In the case of an asymmetric nature of the distribution of the model's output stream, the accuracy of calculating the chi-square exponent is significantly affected by those values that fall into the extreme intervals of the histogram. It is shown that the reason for this is the incommensurability of their values with the values in the central part of the histogram and this is a separate modeling problem, as a solution to which there can be filtering of the statistical set, preceding the determination of the quality indicator. The sequence of procedures for forming a model of a stochastic process and processing the results of calculating the parameters of the histogram is determined.

THE FORMALIZED ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF THE REGIONAL HIGHER SCHOOL THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE RATIO OF ENTRANCE AND OUTPUT STREAM SIZES

In the context of globalization, the growth of the competitive environment at the interregional, national levels in the field of innovation development, the role of higher education as the main source of human resources and the formation of the innovation environment increases. The low level of development of higher education deprives the region of a certain independence, placing it in additional dependence on other systems - regional, national, economic, etc. In this regard, the study of trends in the development of higher education at the interregional level is an extremely urgent task, the solution of which will provide a process of monitoring and forecasting the prospects for the development of socio-economic systems in the medium and long term. At the same time, despite a wide range of scientific works devoted to the problem, there is still no unity in the scientific space in the sphere of formal evaluation of the effectiveness of the development of regional higher education systems. In this regard, this study proposes approaches aimed at methodological support of solving the problem. The main feature of the work is the use of methods of comparison of input and output stream values, characterizing the parameters of the regional higher school. Using the approaches of rationing of the analyzed indicators and the subsequent development on this basis of the efficiency indices, multicomponent calculations are carried out, evaluating the indicators, characterizing the return on invested capital of regional higher education systems in the form of an integrated assessment of their effectiveness per 1 ruble of financial costs. As a result of the implemented assessments, the regions of the Volga Federal district are identified, characterized by moderate and strong positions in the field of generating effects, characterizing their effectiveness in comparison with the invested financial resources.

Ultrafiltration concentration of whey in a pilot plant

Experimental data on the retention coefficient and the output specific flow are obtained. The test solutions were goat and cow's milk whey after obtaining cheese. The description, general view and technological scheme of a pilot installation of a tubular type are given. The studies were carried out on semipermeable tubular type ultrafiltration membranes manufactured by AO "ZAVKOM". Based on the studies, graphical dependences of the retention coefficient on the specific output stream were constructed and analyzed. During the analysis, it was noted that with an increase in the output specific flow of the solvent, the retention coefficient decreases. The reason for this is the boundary layers of fat and protein formed in the near-membrane layers, which prevents the passage of protein molecules through the pores of the membrane. Also during the experiment, it was noted that goat milk serum has a more oily structure and requires prior separation. For the theoretical calculation of the retention coefficient and specific output stream, mathematical expressions are developed and numerical values of the values of empirical coefficients are obtained. The developed mathematical expressions describe the experimental data with good confidence. The obtained experimental and calculated data can be used with great reliability in the calculations of mass-transported flows of substances through semipermeable membranes, as well as in engineering methods for calculating and predicting the effectiveness of the use of membrane processes for the concentration of whey.

Features of ultrafiltration purification of industrial solutions of starch and treacle production

The paper examines the specific output stream and the rate of detention of a semi-permeable ultrafiltration membranes, UPM, UAM150, UAM200 in the separation process, waste starch and syrup production JSC., the company "Krakhmaloprodukt" low-pressure baromembrane method. As a result of the analysis of experimental data, the dependence of the retention factor of ultrafiltration membranes UPM-K, UAM150, UAM20 at different concentrations of the dissolved substance was obtained and analyzed. For the theoretical calculation of the process of ultrafiltration separation technology solutions of starch and syrup production modified mathematical expression for the factor of detention and the specific output stream and the numerical values of the empirical coefficients. Ultrafiltration for the separation of waste starch and syrup production the technological scheme of purification, separating the main elements of which was the pre-filter, biofilter, cascade ultrafiltration apparatus, centrifugal and plunger pumps, as well as the adsorption column.The application expediency of the selected apparatus with flat chambers lies in the simplicity of their production technology and in the self-selection possibility of optimum type membranes. It is possible in the presented apparatuses to usemembranes of different types and in the course of the evaluation experiment to establish to what extent they correspond to the most important technological parameters of the process, such as specific output flow, retention factor and resistance to pollution. It is noted that the specific output flow of ultrafiltration membranes decreases with the increase of the initial concentration of the dissolved substance, as the viscosity of the solution increases and its osmotic pressure increases, and the decrease in the retention factor of ultrafiltration membranes is caused by the formation of diffusion boundary layers on the active layer of membranes.

Monadic Tree Print

Directed acyclic graphs and trees in particular belong to the most extensively used data structures. Visualizing them properly is a key to a success when developing complex algorithms that make use of them. Textual visualizations a la UNIX tree command is essential when the urge is to deal with large trees. Our aim was to design a library that would exploit this approach and to make an implementation of it for a purely functional programming language. The library uses monads to print directly into an output stream or to generate immutable Strings. This paper gives a detailed overview of the solution.

CONTINUOUS MULTIPLE OLAP QUERIES FOR DATA STREAMS

Querying data stream data continuously has been addressed mostly as transactional queries with some attempts at analytical processing. But, in most of the proposals a single query is executed for a given window of data. In this paper, we propose to continuously execute multiple related OLAP queries (CMOLAP) for the data chosen from a data stream. The chosen data defines the context. The context data is temporarily stored in the form of a multidimensional cube to perform OLAP operations. Three sets of operations are defined. The first converts the data in a stream to a context, the second allows altering the context and the third set is analytical which operates on the context and produces an output stream. More than one related analytic operation can be performed for the data in a context. The sequence of operations, referred to as context queries, is continuously executed for a time-based window. As a result it is possible to do enhanced related analysis of data. We have also developed a GUI interface where the queries can be expressed in a user friendly manner.