The Challenge of Indigenous Healing for Global Mental Health

Psychiatry and anthropology have a long relationship, and it is worth examining aspects of how that relation is carried over into the developing field of Global Mental Health (GMH). One place at which the two disciplines overlap significantly is in addressing religious phenomena and ritual performance in relation to mental health, and one of the greatest challenges for GMH is how productively to take into account forms of indigenous healing based on religion and ritual. In this paper I compare recent texts in GMH written from the standpoint of psychiatry and anthropology, observing that the psychiatric texts emphasize evidence-based determination of treatment efficacy, while the anthropological texts emphasize ethnographic understanding of treatment experience. Reconciling these two emphases constitutes a challenge to the field, attending to contextual variations in treatment events, illness episodes, phenomenological factors both endogenous and intersubjective, and sociopolitical factors both interpersonal and structural. In addressing this challenge, I propose an approach to therapeutic process that on the empirical level can facilitate comparison across the diversity of healing forms, and on the conceptual level can constitute a bridge between efficacy and experience. This approach is predicated on a rhetorical model of therapeutic process including components of disposition, experience of the sacred, elaboration of alternatives, and actualization of change that highlights experiential specificity and incremental change. Deploying this model can help meet the challenge of understanding efficacy and experience in indigenous healing, and prepare the ground for the further challenge of how practitioners of GMH relate to and interact with such forms of healing.

Enthymemes Online

The final chapter addresses current issues in news and social media, as well as the tandem problems of public trust in journalism, democratic institutions, and everyday personal communications inaugurated by digital media’s proliferating resources for fabrication and obfuscation. After introducing a cognitive-rhetorical model for identifying promotional enthymemes online, this chapter carefully considers the ways in which media criticism is taught in higher education; it questions traditional methods of interrogation and deconstruction that individualize the ethics of media engagement and have the potential to breed further mistrust within already trust-poor cultures. Alternative modes of analysis are considered for their pedagogical merits, including the uses of postcritique and surface readings of media texts. Ultimately, I make the case that there is an imperative to guide a hopeful, forward-looking, normative search for solutions in our classrooms, in addition to describing the political problems we currently confront. The alternative is to prescribe a disempowering culture of suspicion for the next generation, who will be the inheritors of a fraught media ecology that scholars continue to document as it unfolds.

A Phono-Rhetorical Study of Oronyms in English

Oronym is a kind of wordplay where phrases that sound the same are comically used. This study investigates oronyms in English by analyzing their phonological aspects employed to make rhetorical effect, exploring their production mechanism, and constructing a phono-rhetorical model for analyzing them. Twelve examples of oronyms have been randomly taken from TV shows, songs, nursery rhymes, and books of jokes and fun with words. The main findings of the study have been: (1) Oronym is a rhetorical device that combines two ideas in a single sequence of words; (2) Oronyms are constructed on the basis of juncture by which the same sequence of sounds can form more than one morphemic structure; (3) juncture acts as a linguistic strategy consciously used to yield phonological ambiguity necessary for such type of wordplay; and (4) there are two main types of oronyms - Word-to-Phrase and Phrase-to-Phrase - that can be utilized vertically and horizontally. The significance of this study stems from its novelty and being an earnest endeavour to explore the linguistic features of oronyms comprehensively. It laid a theoretical foundation for promising future studies on oronyms even in other languages, especially in Arabic. Received: 29 September 2020 / Accepted: 18 November 2020/ Published: 5 March 2021

Markobar: Local Wisdom Based-Rhetorical Model

The objective of the research was to find out the reference to alternative rhetoric by digging up markobar as the value of local wisdom implemented in Mandailing ethnicity that uses markobar culture as a local wisdom in communicating in a formal forum. This research used communicative ethnography method. It was conducted at Kelurahan Pasar Maga, Lembah Sorik Merapi Sub-district, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The event or the Markobar activity as the object of the research was the Mandailing traditional wedding ceremonies. The research subjects were the informants who got involved in the interaction in the traditional communicative activity, Markobar. The data were gathered by conducting literature study, participants’ observation, and in-depth interviews. The gathered data were analyzed by using Milles and Hubberman model, consisted of Collecting Data; Data Display; Data reduction; Conclusion Drawing; and Evaluation. This model is referred to 8 (eight) components of Hymes; namely, SPEAKING rhetorical analysis. Empirical data found in the fieldwork would be connected in order to develop Markobar as a traditional local wisdom based-rhetorical model. The result of the research showed that in order to master Markobar, one had to understand Dalihan na Tolu and Tutur. In Markobar, rhetorical narration is deductive. This speech (Markobar) has to be presented with full of carefulness, especially in selecting the appropriate words and utterances. The speaking method in it is highly emphasized on the aspect of tenderness, either in intonation or in diction. As a genre, it is an art of speaking which is aimed to attract sympathy; its narration is intended to attract the attention of the listeners and to be successful in achieving its goal. The model developed is AHLI HORAS, an acronym of Akhlak (morals), Ilmu (science), Hormat (homage), and Rasional (rationality). Received: 16 October 2020 / Accepted: 25 January 2021/ Published: 5 March 2021

A Rhetorical Model of Debating

A rhetorical model of the debate centered on the image of a labyrinth is more suitable than the metaphor of debate-as-game in describing the benefits of arguing in front of an audience. The labyrinth best expresses that proceeding by successive choices, coming and going, and sometimes retracing one's steps, typical of the debate activity. The basic thesis is that arguing is a continuous adaptation of one's speeches according to the audience that listens. In fact, in the labyrinth, what matters is not only arriving at the outcome - the exit or reaching the center of the structure - but the path you choose to get there is equally important. More than the definitive and winning argument, which rarely occurs in discussions, the labyrinth teaches us to recognise the plurality of approaches adopted when faced with an issue.

Rhetorical model of communication in the composition of ancient Russian book “A Word of a Some Monk about Reading Books”

The article is devoted to the foundation of the rhetorical model of communication in the text of an unknown author A Word of a Some Monk about Reading Books, included in one of the most ancient collections of manuscripts Izbornik of the year 1076, in the plan of its specification concerning communication. In the communicative direction, the subject of this rhetorical model is the communicative-rhetorical activity of man as a subject acting by a word, and the reader to whom the influence of the Word is directed. The main components of the rhetorical model of communication are analyzed: communicative context, authors image, audience image, situationally oriented, rhetorically processed text. This is the first essay in the history of Russian culture about the benefits, methods and purposes of reading. A feature of the writing of the text in the Word is the reinvention of the Holy Scripture by the author in the presence of non-canonical motifs, the predominance of practical over theoretical.

Service is Not Perishable: Nurturing Ongoing Participation with Conceptual Models

This article explores the nature of conceptual models for designing service participation. Conceptual models are both a representation and a hypothesis, dialectically creating conditions of participation. I first study the nature of a conceptual model and then explore the four arts with focus on the notion of form. Each art reveals a mode of thought regarding the form of the participatory whole: grammatical model of coproduction, rhetorical model of argumentation, poetic model of experience, and dialectic model of commitment. Along with the arts, I present case studies of four distinctive conceptual models that have been used to design for participation.

Rhetorical and Persuasive Strategies Employed by Imran Khan in his Victory Speech: A Socio-Political Discourse Analysis

This study aims to explore the rhetorical and persuasive strategies employed by a political leader to propagate his ideology using language. It intends to critically analyze the victory speech of Pakistani Premier Imran Khan (IK)—the Chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI)—which he delivered at the Prime Minister House, Islamabad, after being elected as the 22nd Premier of Pakistan in 2018. The researchers attempt to unveil and analyze critically the strategies that worked behind this speech to persuade the audience. Different linguistic tools used for projecting and achieving political power have been identified and scrutinized. The qualitative analysis of the speech is based on theory of Aristotle’s Rhetoric; Ethos, Pathos, Logos and other persuasive strategies like use of personal pronoun, predication strategy, and positive self-presentation and negative others-presentation employed by IK, and further to study how language carries the power of transforming the perception and political views of people. The findings suggest that political discourse is intentionally crafted to communicate and persuade people about specific ideologies located in the discourse in an implicit way and IK uses the Aristotelian rhetorical model comprising of rhetoric, predication strategy, and self-presentation and negative Others-presentation strategy to persuade his audience to follow his hidden agendas.