Exploring the Guiding Philosophy of the School Administrators in BARMM, Southern Philippines: Responses from the Field

This study aimed at investigating the educational philosophies as applied in the elementary school districts in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), Philippines. Specifically, this papers explored the mission and vision of the school administrators; the application of which western philosophies in the school districts; and the integration of some Islamic practices in the context of the Muslim region. This also included the current administrative programs to achieve the school vision and the needed policy reforms to address some recurring challenges facing the elementary school now-a-days. Meanwhile, in spite of the guiding philosophies embedded in elementary schools, majority of the school administrators have integrated some Islamic philosophies into the context of administering the school. It was also found to have some major programs and policy reforms to improve the school organizational operation.

Disruptions in cancer screening and diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

315 Background: The pandemic resulted in reductions in cancer screenings, potentially compromising the ability to detect cancers early. We add new data to this growing research, and report screening and cancer diagnosis (Dxs) rates for four cancer types: breast (BC), cervical (CC), colorectal (CRC), and lung (LC). To learn whether home-based cancer screening options for colorectal cancer exhibited similar patterns, we examined screening rates for fecal occult blood (FOBT), fecal immunochemical (FIT), and Cologuard (CG) tests. Methods: We conducted retrospective analyses using de-identified medical claims data (2018-2020) from a national US health insurer. To assess screening rates, no indication of cancer Dxs prior to screening event were included. BC screenings (BCS), LC screenings (LCS), and CRC screenings (CRCS) were identified from CPT and HCPCS codes for digital mammography, low dose CT-scans (LDCT), colonoscopies, and home-based CRC tests. CPT, HCPCS, and ICD-10 codes defined CC screenings (CCS). Cancer Dxs were defined if individuals had ≥1 claim with an ICD-10 cancer code and no prior cancer dx within 24 months of continuous eligibility. Advanced cancer Dxs (ADxs) were defined if a malignancy code on a claim with a date of service (DOS) within 60 days of diagnosis DOS was present. Screening and Dxs changes were compared circa mid-March (5 weeks prior and 5 weeks after). Adjustments were made for changes in enrollment. Results: The table summarizes screening changes. Dxs decreased circa shutdown in LC, BC, CS, and CRC by -40%, -61%, -55%, -55%, respectively. Compared to 2019, DXs decreased in LC, BC, CS, and CRC -19%, -16%, -6%, -18%, respectively. Compared to 2019, ADxs in LC, BC, and CRC were -14%, -9%, -8%, respectively. CS exhibited an increase in ADxs by 2%. Conclusions: The pandemic impacted cancer care for multiple cancer types. Dxs and ADxs decreased during the pandemic except advanced CS. While cancer screenings increased after the shutdown, only LCS and Cologuard returned to pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2020, though these had low utilization even in the periods prior to the pandemic. Limitations include that administrative programs supporting home-based tests (e.g. FIT and FOBT) may not generate claims, and procedures received may have been incorrectly coded. Future studies will assess the clinical impact of missed care and whether certain groups were disproportionately impacted.[Table: see text]

APLICACIONES DE LA TEORÍA DE PATH DEPENDENCE: LA POLÍTICA PESQUERA COMUNITARIA (UE) Y LA POLÍTICA PESQUERA EN MÉXICO

El concepto de la path dependence es utilizado en las ciencias sociales para entender los sistemas económicos. A partir de este concepto se aborda su aplicación analítica a la política sobre recursos pesqueros en dos contextos distintos como son la Unión Europea y México. La Comisión Europea empieza a atender la opinión de los productores, sobre las consecuencias e impactos que se derivan de ajustes; desguaces de flotas; derechos de pesca y condiciones de acceso, o repercusiones sociales y económicas en regiones pesqueras. Por su parte, en el caso de México el proceso del establecimiento y énfasis de la política pesquera en normatividad y programas, se identifican con reivindicaciones sociales y a partir de los años 80s y 90s el elemento de eficiencia económica tomó cada vez más protagonismo y más recientemente se trata de incorporar el aspecto de sustentabilidad a la política pesquera y acuícola.Applications of the Path dependence theory: common fisheries policy (EU) and the fisheries policies in MexicoThe concept of path dependence is used in social sciences to understand economic systems. From this concept its analytical application is addressed to fisheries policy in two different contexts such as the European Union and Mexico. The European Commission is beginning to address the producer´s views on consequences and impacts resulting from adjustments; buyback fleet programs; fishing rights and access conditions, or social and economic impact on fishing regions. Meanwhile in the case of Mexico, the settlement process and emphasis of fisheries policy in its regulations and administrative programs are identified with social demands, and since the 80´s and 90´s the economic efficiency elements take more of an increasingly role, and a recent aspect of sustainability tries to be incorporated into the fisheries and aquaculture policies.

Management of Change for the Marine and Offshore Industries

Change is inevitable in any type of business. Successful organizations are dynamic and are constantly undergoing change, striving for innovative and cost-effective solutions to achieve sustainability in a robust and competitive business environment. Modifications may be required to equipment, operational policies, and organizational structure or personnel. History has illustrated the potential negative consequences associated with changes that are not managed appropriately. Common problems with respect to the implementation of a change include: • changes that are not technically sound, • lack of careful consideration of the ramifications, • poor execution, and • failure to effectively communicate change information to key personnel. A Management of Change (MoC) system is a combination of policies and procedures used to evaluate the potential impacts of a proposed change so that it does not result in unacceptable risks. A thorough MoC system manages both temporary and permanent modifications in a ship or offshore unit including equipment, materials, operating procedures and conditions, and personnel. An effective MoC system will not only minimize significant impacts on safety and the environment, but will incorporate strategies in managing the associated business risks on quality, continued commerce and security. A system requiring MoC for every modification is likely to become onerous and unproductive. This paper provides guidance for selection of the activities and systems to be subject to management of change, the life-cycle applicability, types of changes to be evaluated, and boundaries and overlaps with other administrative programs or elements. It describes key functions and interrelationships for personnel at various levels of a representative organization. In summary, this paper describes the core principles to be considered when developing and implementing an MoC program that will optimize existing safety and risk management efforts.

State Nonpoint Source Programs Affecting Forestry: The 12 Northeastern States

Programs addressing nonpoint source (NPS) water pollution impacts in forestry cover a wide range of activities in the Northeast. While state water program managers rate forestry-related sedimentation as a low priority problem, monitoring data to verify this are scanty. Most states have cooperative arrangements between environmental agencies which handle enforcement and forestry agencies which deliver NPS programs. Field assessments show that properly installed BMPs are effective in minimizing sedimentation from forestry activities. Only a few field reviews of compliance have been done. These show that while noncompliance is significant, and erosion does occur, the water quality impacts appear to be minimal. While significant progress has been made, it will be difficult to maintain program momentum in the extremely difficult fiscal climate faced by the northeastern states. Also, the research base for defining more cost-effective practices and administrative programs has important gaps. North. J. Appl. For. 11(1):5-11.

The Civil War Sheriff: His Person and Office

The rise and fall of the office of sheriff is a frequent theme in English administrative history. In medieval times sheriffs were the principal representatives of the king in the local community and bore the king's authority and acted in his name. Their courts entertained a wide variety of criminal and civil proceedings. By Tudor times such powers and authority were things of the past. Edward IV had effectively ended the sheriff's power by removing all indictments before the sheriff in his tourn to the Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace for trial. The sheriff's judicial powers passed to the justices of the peace and his military powers to the deputy lieutenants. What powers did remain were exercised under the supervision of the magistrates both in and out of formal sessions. When James I came to the throne in 1603, the once powerful sheriff presided at elections, distrained and sold goods for the payment of fines, summoned juries, hanged criminals, and carried out other miscellaneous tasks. For most gentlemen of England a year's tenure as sheriff was an expensive inconvenience.By 1640, however, the sheriff was once again a public figure of some consequence. The first two Stuarts, especially Charles I, had turned to the sheriff to execute many of their financial and administrative programs. Three times James I ordered sheriffs to collect extra benevolences. It seemed to many that Charles I had used the office for inappropriate political purposes. A sheriff had to be resident in his county throughout his term of office so he could not serve in parliament. In 1625 Thomas Wentworth was appointed sheriff of Yorkshire, and the even more troublesome Edward Coke was appointed sheriff of Buckinghamshire. Two years later Walter Long, M.P. was appointed sheriff of Wiltshire, an affront to the electors of Bath who had recently returned him to the House of Commons. When the Long Parliament met in 1640, these events were remembered with considerable bitterness; and the Grand Remonstrance noted “the usual course of pricking sheriffs [was] not observed, but many times sheriffs made in an extraordinary way, sometimes as a punishment and a charge unto them, sometimes such were pricked out as would be instruments to execute whatever they would have done.”

Administrative Programs and Changes in Blood Society During the Reserve Period

Post-war reconstruction poses innumerable problems - and past experience gives no complete answer to any of them. Yet an examination of even a limited field of administration may high-light some of the many difficulties that must be faced when a comprehensive economic and educational program is being considered for a small group, a tribe, or a nation.