Exclusive Breastfeeding Related to Diarrhea Occurrence in Babies Aged 0-6 Months Old at Sudiang Community Health Center, Makassar

Exclusive breastfeeding is a condition in which infants are only given breast milk without the addition of other fluids and foods. until the baby reaches 6 months old. Breast milk strengthen the immune system in infants so they can avoid various diseases including diarrhea. This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in infants aged 0-6 months in the Sudiang Community Health Center. This research is an analytical survey research with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted at the Sudiang Health Center, Makassar City in the period November 1st to December 31st, 2019. The total respondents were 89 mothers with babies aged 0-6 months. The results showed that most of the respondents were mothers with male babies (61%), most of the mothers' education was high school graduates (46%), housewives (75%) with low economic background (56%). Exclusive breastfeeding related to the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 0-6 months in the Sudiang Community Health Center with a value of p <0.05 (p = 0.001). In addition, no significant relationship on maternal nipple hygiene to diarrhea in children aged 0-6 months p <0.05 (p = 0.075). In conclusion, this study showed there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 0-6 months in Sudiang Health Center. There is a relationship between hand hygiene and the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 0-6 months in Sudiang Health Center, Makassar.

Concept of Pedagogy and Andragogy Education

Education can be a measure of the progress and quality of life of a nation, so it is said that the progress of a nation and state can be achieved by one of the reforms in terms of education. In education, there are two terms, namely pedagogy and andragogy. Pedagogy is known as the education of children, while andragogy can be interpreted as the science and art of teaching adults. Children's education will take place in the form of assimilation, identification, and imitation; while adult education focuses on improving their lives, providing skills and abilities to solve problems, so what is identical here is brain training for adults. The difference between pedagogy and andragogy lies in the different assumptions about the personality of students, such as the concept of students, student experience, readiness to learn, orientation towards learning from their learning motivation. And from these assumptions, it can be distinguished in terms of the process which includes elements of atmosphere, planning, needs diagnosis, formulation, objectives, lesson plans, learning activities, and assessments.

Exploring the Guiding Philosophy of the School Administrators in BARMM, Southern Philippines: Responses from the Field

This study aimed at investigating the educational philosophies as applied in the elementary school districts in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), Philippines. Specifically, this papers explored the mission and vision of the school administrators; the application of which western philosophies in the school districts; and the integration of some Islamic practices in the context of the Muslim region. This also included the current administrative programs to achieve the school vision and the needed policy reforms to address some recurring challenges facing the elementary school now-a-days. Meanwhile, in spite of the guiding philosophies embedded in elementary schools, majority of the school administrators have integrated some Islamic philosophies into the context of administering the school. It was also found to have some major programs and policy reforms to improve the school organizational operation.

The Teaching of General College Physics in Jolo

The purpose of this study is to record, examine and describe the common teaching strategies employed by college faculty members teaching general college physics in the five colleges in Jolo and to know as well what combination of teaching strategy employed by physics teacher in Jolo enhances achievement scores of students. Likewise, the evaluation on the learning facilities used in teaching physics was also taken into consideration. The study utilized the descriptive method of research and the normative survey technique was used for data gathering Purposive sampling was utilized and the respondents taken were composed of all faculty members handling college physics subjects and their respective students enrolled during the second semester of school year 2010 to 2011. The findings showed that the top three most common teaching strategies employed by teachers in teaching general college physics in Jolo are: problem solving, lecture, and board work. These strategies enhanced achievement scores of students. On the other hand, as far as learning facilities are concerned they were inadequate as most important equipment and tools necessary in the teaching of physics subjects were not available and if existing they were not functioning. However, despite the inadequacy of learning facilities, majority of the students have higher probability of passing the course based on their midterm exam. It is highly recommended that physics teachers must be exposed to various teaching strategies in order for them to be abreast with the latest methods in teaching physics. Furthermore, administrators are urged to upgrade school laboratories by procuring equipment, materials and other learning facilities indispensably needed in the teaching of general college physics.

Nutritional Intervention through Education and Supplementary Food Provision to Fostered Families with a Family Doctor Approach in Uteunkot Village, Muara Dua District, Lhokseumawe

Indonesia as a developing country still has some gaps and shortcomings in health problems, one of which is nutritional problems. Based on the 2018 Global Nutrition Report, Indonesia is included in 17 countries that have complex nutritional problems, like stunting, wasting and overweight. Aceh Province in 2018 reported that there were 16.8% undernourished children under five and 6.7% malnourished children, while 2.9% were overweight. One of the things that can be done in overcoming these problems is through nutritional intervention to the community. Therefore, this research was conducted as a form of nutrition intervention through education and supplementary feeding (PMT) to the assisted families with a family medicine approach in Uteunkot Village, Muara Dua District, Lhokseumawe. The measuring instrument used is a balanced nutrition questionnaire which has been tested for validity and reliability to assess the level of knowledge of respondents about balanced nutrition. In addition, education on balanced nutrition and supplementary feeding is also carried out. The sampling technique used is total sampling with a total of 79 respondents. The results of the distribution of the level of knowledge of respondents on balanced nutrition before being given education were the most in the poor category with a total of 41 people (51.9%), after an intervention in the form of education obtained the distribution of the level of knowledge of respondents about balanced nutrition in the good category with a total of 69 people (87.3%). In addition, it was also found that almost all respondents consumed the given Supplementary Food

Differences in the Effectiveness of Health Promotion through Video and Interactive Dialogue on Smoking Cessation Interest Among Teenagers in Palembang

Cigarettes have long been recognized as a risk factor for various health problems, and are the world's largest preventable cause of death1. Teenagers are more easily influenced especially by social groups to do negative things, such as smoking2. Currently the trend to start smoking is increasing among teenagers. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of health promotion presented in the form of audio-visual and interactive dialogue on interest in quitting smoking in teens in Palembang. This research is an analytic study through a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest two group research design without control group. The research sample consisted of 206 teenage smokers, divided into 2 groups, namely 103 teenage in the video group and 103 teenage in the interactive dialogue group. This study uses paired t-test, Wilcoxon, and Mann Whitney test. This study reveals that health promotion through video media and interactive dialogue is effective to elevate the knowledge and interest in smoking cessation among teenagers (p = 0.000 α = 0.05). The mean value of knowledge and interest in the interactive dialogue group is higher than in the video group. However, there was no difference concerning effectiveness of health promotion through interactive dialogue and videos on the knowledge and interest in quitting smoking among teenagers. (p = 0.21 α = 0.05).

Factors that Influence Doctors' Preference for Working in the Village with Government Policy

One of the problems faced by the Indonesian people is the unequal distribution of doctors, especially in villages and other disadvantaged areas. One of the causes is the low interest of medical students and doctors to work in the area. The government as the highest authority holder should have made efforts to solve a state problem as outlined in the form of government policy. Recent research conducted by Kharinnisa et al in 2016 identified several factors that influenced the interest of medical students to work in rural areas. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of these factors with government policy. This study is a descriptive qualitative study in the form of a literature study. Of the eight factors, only half are supported by government regulations, namely having visited rural areas, career opportunities, income potential, facilities in rural areas and factors not yet supported by government regulations include university location, family economic status, closeness to family and spouse. Therefore it is necessary to study the formation of government policies that can support all these factors along with the proper implementation of these policies.

Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Exposure as Lung Tuberculosis Risk Factors

Indonesia, is the country with the second highest lung TB case in the world. Some studies suggest there is a relationship between TB and diabetes. The smoking habit is also linked because it can damage the lung defense mechanism thereby facilitating the entry of TB germs. This research was conducted to analyze diabetes mellitus and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. This research is a quantitative analytic study with Case Control conducted in the TB Endemic Region in Palembang, namely the work area of ​​the Kertapati Health Center, Sei Selincah Health Center and 23 ilir Health Center in February to December 2018. Data were obtained from primary data obtained from questionnaires and examinations physical. The data obtained are presented in the form of a master tabulation and processed using the Chi-square test and T-test analysis. In this study showed no significant relationship between blood sugar levels when with tuberculosis status (p = 0.075).

Cardiometabolic and Blood Glucose Factors in Merdeka, Gandus, Sei Selincah and Basuki Rahmat Palembang Health Centers

Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world. One third of all deaths in Indonesia are caused by cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. We estimate this is related to gender, specific age and vascular risk factors and other modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, increased total cholesterol and overweight. This research is a cross sectional study. The study was conducted in four Palembang City Health Centers namely Sei Selincah Health Center, Merdeka Health Center, Basuki Rahmat Health Center and Gandus Health Center. The study data was taken consecutively for each adult patient who came for treatment at the puskesmas, met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using SPSS 18.0 for Windows. In this study obtained cases of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia in the four health centers period 30 October - 25 November 2017 as many as 200 respondents. Obtained cases of hypertension as many as 152 respondents (76%), cases of diabetes melitus as many as 73 respondents (36.5%) and hypercholesterolemia as many as 39 respondents (19.5%). In this study no association was found between Diabetes mellitus and hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. risk factors for sex, age, BMI and smokers are risk factors that influence hypertension, while risk factors for diabetes mellitus are, gender, age, and BMI. As for hypercholesterolemia, the only risk factor that influences education level.

E-Learning as a Learning Media in Primary Schools during Pandemic

Currently, the world is faced with an outbreak of a disease caused by a virus known as covid 19. Along with the high number of positive cases of covid 19 in Indonesia, the government is urging to deal with this covid 19 pandemic immediately. Various policies have been carried out, such as implementing physical distancing, lockdown, and the 5M movement. The existence of these policies certainly impacts most aspects of life, especially in the education aspect. Learning that is usually done face-to-face becomes impossible. So that the government issues a policy so that the learning process can be implemented. One of the solutions offered by the government is to change face-to-face learning into online learning (in the network) using e-learning sites. E-Learning media is supported by various learning features that are made like face-to-face learning.