Alcohol and the Risk of Injury

Globally, almost four and a half million people died from injury in 2019. Alcohol’s contribution to injury-related premature loss of life, disability and ill-health is pervasive, touching individuals, families and societies throughout the world. We conducted a review of research evidence for alcohol’s causal role in injury by focusing on previously published systematic reviews, meta-analyses and where indicated, key studies. The review summarises evidence for pharmacological and physiological effects that support postulated causal pathways, highlights findings and knowledge gaps relevant to specific forms of injury (i.e., violence, suicide and self-harm, road injury, falls, burns, workplace injuries) and lays out options for evidence-based prevention.

Falls in older and senile patients. Clinical giudelines

Falls in old and senile age is one of the main geriatric syndromes that determine the prognosis of a patient's life and autonomy, regardless of the consequences. According to experts, 33% of people 65 years of age and older have a history of falls, with 50% of them falling more than once a year. The prevalence of falls depends on the environment of older person: falls rate is more than 10 times higher for older people in nursing homes and hospitals than in those living at home. For people 65 years of age and older, falls is the most common cause of injury and the leading cause of death due to traumatic injury. Falls are closely related to other geriatric syndromes. It is important to understand that falls are preventable. Falls prevention is an integral part management of older and senile patients management.

DETEKSI DINI RESIKO JATUH PADA LANSIA DI POSYANDU LANSIA KENTINGAN, KECAMATAN JEBRES, SURAKARTA

Background :The falling risk is an event reported by a patient or family who sees an incident, which results in a person suddenly lying, sitting on the floor or lower place with or without loss of consciousness or injury. Falls can occurwhen the body’s postural, control system fails to detectshifting and not repositioning the center of gravity toward the body support at the right time. In Indonesia, the elderly who live in communities experience an annual fall or around 30%. The incidence of falls in the elderly living in the community increased from 25% at the age 70 to 35% after being over 75 years old. One cause of the fall is a disturbance in the pattern of roads. Therefore it is necessary to practice early detection of the risk of falling in the elderly. Target and output 100% of extension participants consisting of the elderly can increase their knowledge and understanding of early detection training on the risk of falling on the elderly. Methods of conducting lectures and demonstrations or exercises. The result of the elderly can mention how to detect risk in the elderly and can do exercises to prevent falls. Conclusion elderly know how to detect the risk of early fall in the elderly.

01 Major trauma triage tools study (MATTS) triage tools summary

IntroductionThe aim of this project is to identify major trauma triage tools currently in use by ambulance services in England, Wales and internationally and subsequently complete a detailed document analysis of these tools. The review will aim to detect the most commonly used predictors of major trauma whilst identifying the evidence behind them.MethodsA variety of triage tools used internationally were acquired through analysis of systematic reviews freely available on PubMed. The 46 identified tools included: 40 adult/general, 4 paediatric-specific and 2 geriatric-specific tools. Following the acquisition of all triage tools, they were analysed by diagnostic criteria and a detailed spreadsheet produced. Each row of the spreadsheet represented a different triage criterion and each cell was colour coded to suggest the correct course of action for patient management.ResultsIn total, 63 separate clinical features and triaging criteria were identified. These were categorised into five major groups (most common variables):Physiology (GCS, Low BP).Anatomy (Chest trauma, traumatic amputation).Mechanism of injury (Falls, high speed RTC).Modifiers for high risk groups (Age >55/65, pregnant)Time limit to the nearest MTC (>45 minutes).Additionally, crew concern is a potential predictor in 14 tools. Despite many tools using similar predictors, their respective predictor cut-points varied widely (e.g. from GCS ≤14 to <9).From the tools assessed, two basic tool structures were discerned:A flowchart style format (34 tools)A points-based scoring system (7 tools)ConclusionsThe various major trauma triaging tools currently in use in the NHS and worldwide are highly varied. Although there are commonly used domains variable cut-points often varied. Given this significant difference between services’ tools, and variability of clinician interpretation of those criteria, large variations in standards of major trauma triaging are likely.

Automatic Body Fall Detection System for Elderly People using Accelerometer and Vision Based Technique

Body Falls in older adults are the significant cause of injury. Falls incorporate dropping from a standing position or from uncovered positions, for example, those on stepping stools or stepladders. The seriousness of damage is commonly identified with the height of fall often leading to disability or death. In this research generally we uses wearable sensor and vision based technique that is automatically detect body fall as early as possible. Accelerometer is used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity. In vision based procedure first we procure casings or video arrangements from the camera. The division module separates the body outline from the foundation. For Feature Extraction we used GLCM method. SVM method is used for classification. By using those methods we can surely detect the human body fall and can take the preventive measures.