common mistake
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2021 ◽  
pp. 868-873

A common mistake among radiographers is reconstructing a CT scan and taking table top as a reference for the reconstruction. This paper, will mention in details what are some examples for oblique reconstruction with illustrated images. Keywords: Oblique Reconstruction; Computed Tomography; Multi-Planer Reformat


Author(s):  
Jill Poole ◽  
James Devenney ◽  
Adam Shaw-Mellors

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. Contract Law Concentrate contains a wealth of information on the field of contract law to aid with revision and understanding the elements of the contract law syllabus. It looks specifically at the components of agreement, enforceability criteria comprising intention to create legal relations, consideration, and the doctrine of promissory estoppel. It also focuses on some problems associated with reaching agreement, such as whether the terms are sufficiently certain, and mistakes which prevent agreement. The doctrine of privity determines who has the ability to enforce the contract and whether a third party can take the intended benefit of a contract. Contract Law Concentrate focuses on the terms (or promises) of the contract and breach of contract when those promises are broken. It also examines exemption clauses and unfair contract terms. Next it looks at remedies for the breach of contract. It then turns to contractual impossibility and risk where the default rules of common mistake (initial impossibility) and frustration (subsequent impossibility) will determine the parties’ positions in the absence of party allocation. Finally, it outlines contractual remedies for actionable misrepresentations and looks briefly at the common law doctrine of duress and the equitable doctrine of undue influence.


2021 ◽  
pp. 167-191
Author(s):  
Jill Poole ◽  
James Devenney ◽  
Adam Shaw-Mellors

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter examines the law’s response to events that render performance of the contract impossible for reasons beyond the control of the contracting parties, and so provide an excuse for non-performance. The default legal doctrines—common mistake (initial impossibility) and frustration (subsequent impossibility)—may come into play in instances of impossibility of performance only where there is no express or implied allocation of the risk of the event in the contract. These default doctrines determine what is to happen to the existing and future obligations of the parties.


Author(s):  
Jihye Chun ◽  
Mi Hyun Kim

AbstractThis study aims to demonstrate the need for learner-corpus-informed applications and proposes methods of application that promote the proper use of Korean topic and nominative markers. This study extracted 3004 pieces of error from the error-annotated corpus of the Korean Learners’ Corpus, the largest Korean learner corpus to date. A detailed examination of the above data was conducted to subdivide the types of substitution errors related to the topic and nominative markers, and to analyze the error rate according to the type of error and level of proficiency. The statistical data revealed no consistent correlation between the error rate and proficiency level. Furthermore, based on the proportion of error types by proficiency level, this study proposes the use of common mistake boxes with real errors; these errors are generally committed by learners of all proficiency levels and are not presumed problematic by grammarians or intuition-based teachers. These boxes can, therefore, be utilized as a practical tool for inclusion in pedagogical materials, such as learner’s dictionaries and textbooks.


2021 ◽  
pp. 361-438
Author(s):  
Robert Merkin ◽  
Séverine Saintier

Poole’s Casebook on Contract Law provides a comprehensive selection of case law that addresses all aspects of the subject encountered on undergraduate courses. This chapter considers the area of ‘mistake’. The law distinguishes between several types of mistake. Some mistakes (‘agreement mistakes’) prevent formation of an agreement. These mistakes are mutual mistakes (where the parties are at cross purposes) and unilateral mistakes (where one party is mistaken and the other knows or ought to know this, e.g. unilateral mistake as to identity). The chapter also looks at document mistakes and specifically rectification of a written document to reflect accurately what the parties in fact agreed, and the plea of non est factum (‘this is not my deed’). Finally, a contract having no contractual allocation of risk and made under the same mistaken assumption may be void for ‘common mistake’ if the mistake is so fundamental that it ‘nullifies’ consent. This is known as ‘initial impossibility’ because the impossibility already exists when the parties agree to the contract. This chapter deals with common mistake and initial impossibility, contractual risk allocation, and the theoretical basis for the doctrine of common mistake. It discusses categories of fundamental common mistake, including res extincta, and assesses the legal effects of mistakes as to quality made by both parties. The chapter concludes by considering the relationship between common mistake and frustration.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Taheri ◽  
Thomas M. Missimer ◽  
Amjad Maleki ◽  
Reza Omidipour ◽  
Jamil Bahrami

Abstract DRASTIC is a model that is commonly used to assess vulnerability to groundwater contamination at the landscape scale. When sparse data are available to populate the layers of the model, it can be difficult to ascertain the true usefulness of the model produced map. In this research an alluvial aquifer, the Sahneh aquifer in Kermanshah province of western Iran, was mapped using the generic DRASTIC model. The data available for populating the model layers were generally sparse. The model was validated using a nitrate concentration map constructed from well water measurements within the DRASTIC map area. A Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis was conducted by placing 500 random points in the DRASTIC generated map compared to the nitrate concentration map. The area under the curve was compared and yielded a value of 0.72 or 72% concordance, which means it has good validity. This investigation demonstrates that a generic DRASTIC model can yield acceptable results without modification or increasing its complexity. If the ROC analysis had yielded a value <50%, then the DRASTIC would have been considered to not be useful. A common mistake in the use of DRASTIC is to modify the method to greatly increase its complexity, which may actually decrease, not increase the resultant model usefulness.


Author(s):  
Fatiha KHIHEL ◽  
Amina HARNAL

In this paper, we intend to address the most non-addressed issue among social and behavioural management, which is the psychological behaviour of firms toward their employees and therefore toward process performance. Apart from being socially and environmentally responsible, sustainability concept has underlined the importance of the psychological management of teems and individuals to bring together all ingredients that sustain the so awaited sustainability. Until today, the most successful firms strive to create the best productive work environment that can be offered, but still cannot reach the expected results. Yet, the most common mistake that firms tend to ignore is what stands behind minds because motivation is far from being material; it is a complex concept that appeals to leaders’ strategic awareness and intelligence.


2021 ◽  
pp. 315-358
Author(s):  
Robert Merkin ◽  
Séverine Saintier ◽  
Jill Poole

Course-focused and comprehensive, Poole’s Textbook on Contract Law provides an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. This chapter focuses on the legal treatment of ‘mistake’. It considers mistakes that prevent agreement (mutual or cross-purposes mistakes and unilateral mistake as to terms, particularly identity mistakes). It also examines the remedy of rectification when the contract does not accurately reflect what the parties agreed. It also considers the defence of non est factum. It then considers mistakes that are presumed to nullify consent if both parties entered into the contract under the same fundamental mistake. The doctrine of common mistake in English law is designed to protect the interests of third parties and to ensure certainty in transactions. A fundamental common mistake arises in cases where there is true impossibility or failure of consideration; the contract is automatically void and any money or property involved has to be returned. Distinctions can arise depending upon whether the impossibility is initial (common mistake) or subsequent (frustration doctrine). Categories of common mistake at common law include mistake as to subject matter (res extincta) and mistake as to ownership (res sua). A mistake as to quality will rarely be sufficiently fundamental to render the contract void. This chapter also discusses Lord Denning’s attempts to introduce an equitable jurisdiction to set aside on terms in cases of mistakes as to quality. These were rejected in Great Peace Shipping Ltd v Tsavliris (International) Ltd meaning that there is no remedial flexibility in such instances.


Author(s):  
Andrews Neil

The Equitable remedy of rectification generally operates when the final text of the contract does not match exactly the final agreed draft version. The final document can be rectified to bring its contents into accordance with the final pre-formation agreed draft or version (‘common mistake rectification’).


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (05) ◽  
pp. 5359-5363
Author(s):  
İsmail ÖZKAYA ◽  
İrem Beyza Şişman

It has long been known that insufficient intake of quality dietary protein or amino acids impairs immune function and increases susceptibility to infectious diseases Nutritional status in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial factor for optimal prognosis and can determine the clinical severity of COVID-19. Insufficient energy and protein intake to reduce weight gain due to inactivity during the pandemic is a common mistake people make. Insufficient intakes of energy, protein and specific micronutrients; It is associated with suppressed immune function and increased susceptibility to infection. The morbidity and mortality of the disease is higher, especially in low immune function people.  It is known that increasing protein intake is a priority in order to reduce catabolism due to inflammatory mediators Eating healthy before, during and after the illness is the main key to the immune system and health. Patients who can eat during illness should be advised to consume sufficient and high quality protein despite the loss of their sense of taste. In order to prevent muscle loss and strengthen respiratory muscles, 1.5 g / kg / day protein and branched chain amino acid would be a good decision for this pandemic periods.


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