A református elemi iskolák helyzete a Komáromi Református Egyházmegyében, az 1920–30-as években

The situation of the Reformed elementary schools in the Reformed Diocese of Komárom in the 1920s–1930s. The present study provides an insight into the history of the Reformed church schools of the Reformed Diocese of Komárom in the territory of Czechoslovakia between the two world wars. Following geopolitical changes after 1920, the church school network had to be reorganized, which posed completely new challenges to the minority Reformed Church. Subsequent to presentation of the major school laws, the development of the diocesan school network is discussed. After the reorganization, teachers had to face a lot of grievances from state officials, which had a direct and indirect impact on both teachers and the educational policy of the Reformed Church. After outlining the problems of textbooks for use in schools, the diocesan schooling of the two decades under review is summarized. Keywords: Reformed Church, schools, school network, teacher, textbook

Evolution of Institution of Elementary Church School in Ossetia (1860—1917)

The process of development of an elementary church school in Ossetia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries is considered. It is shown that, being under the auspices of the spiritual department, the church school in Ossetia evolved in accordance with the guidelines set by the government policy in the field of education, but the transformation process had its own specifics. It is reported that the establishment and support of church schools was exclusively concerned with the Society for the Restoration of Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus. It was found that church schools were in demand among the mountain peasantry, who sought to get at least an elementary education that performed important adaptive functions in the context of the collapse of traditional life and the formation of a new social reality in the post-reform period. It is emphasized that the lack of state support over time deprived the parish school of incentives and prospects for development. It is argued that the church school in Ossetia, unable to withstand competition with secular educational institutions, by 1917 was already practically incapable of fulfilling its educational tasks and therefore ceased to satisfy the local population, which began to show interest in secular educational institutions of the elementary level, which more fully met the increased educational demands.

Social-Emotional Health and Psychological Well-Being among Church School Students

Introduction: This study aims to determine the level of social-emotional health of church school students and relationships among the variables of social-emotional health and psychological well-being. Methods: The research group consisted of 73 church school students in Presov Region. The data collection tools were the Social – Emotional Health Survey for secondary education (SEHS-S) and the Scale of Psychological Well-Being (PWB). The presented quantitative study has a correlation character with the comparative questions and exploratory - verification design. Results: The findings of the study showed that there is a strong positive correlation between overall social-emotional health referred to covitality and psychological well-being. Strong and moderate correlations were found among domains and psychological indicators of social-emotional health and dimensions of psychological well-being. A domain belief in others strongly correlates with positive relations with others. A strong correlation has been found between the indicator of peer support and the dimension of positive relations with others. The findings showed a moderately large, statistically significant difference in the level of belief in self in favor of males compared to females. Small and medium-sized differences between males and females were also found at the level of psychological indicators. The level of overall social-emotional health increases with the increase in the mastery of the environmental mastering and positive relations with others, which explains 35% of the data variance. Discussion: Research indicates relationships between the social-emotional health and psychological well-being as well as among dimensions, domains and indicators. The results support previous findings of other authors. Furthermore, the results showed a significant difference in the level of belief in self domain in favour of males compared to females. This finding indicates that males have higher self-confidence while compared to females. Limitations: There are certain limitations in the research, which include usage of non-standardized methods on Slovak population and a low level of reliability for Psychological Well-being Scale. Among other limitations, we include the time of data collection, which took place during the last class at the end of the week. Conclusion: Mental Health is about more than mental illness. Being mentally healthy and feeling well is important. To measure and identify elements of mental health may be useful to comprehend and promote psychological strengths of a person. A value of the paper lies in findings concerning social-emotional health of church school students, which contributed to the standardization of SEHS-S in Slovakia. Nevertheless, social-emotional health of Slovak students should not be neglected and further research on a larger sample is needed.

Assessing the Ethos of Anglican Primary Schools in Wales: The Student Voice Project

Since the Anglican Church in England and Wales began to build schools long before the state developed machinery to do so, around a quarter of all primary schools remain connected with the Anglican Church. The church school inspection system maintains that Anglican schools have a distinctive ethos. The Student Voice Project argues that school ethos is generated by the implicit collective values, beliefs and behaviours of the students, and was designed to give explicit voice to the students in response to six specific areas of school life identified by the Anglican school inspection criteria as relevant to school ethos. Drawing on data provide by 8,111 year-five and year-six students attending Church in Wales primary schools, the present study reports on the six ethos measures and on significant differences reported by female and male students, and by year-five and year-six students.

Anglican Nuns Come to Liverpool

Incorporated into Liverpool as part of the town’s southward expansion during the second half of the nineteenth century, the corner of Upper Parliament Street and Princes Road in Toxteth boasts three places of worship built to cater to the religious needs of those expected to populate the area.1 The sesquicentenary of one of these, St Margaret’s Church, provided an opportunity to examine documents relating to an associated church school and to the rediscovery of an almost-forgotten Church of England sisterhood which managed a local orphanage. Further enquiries uncovered the activities of other sisters working elsewhere in the town.2 This article will trace the arrival and activity of these communities between 1864 and 1900, ask why local historians have shown little interest in them and consider ways in which their foundation was a function of the development of Anglo-Catholicism in the city and intersected with the growth of opportunities for women.

Bishop Andrey (worldly Aleksandr Ukhtomskiy) — founder of the journal “Employee of Transcaucasian Mission”

The article provides a brief overview of the history of the Sukhum diocese, as well as provides more detailed information about Bishop Andrey (worldly Aleksandr Ukhtomskiy), who occupied the Sukhumi Eparchy in 1911–1913. An outstanding undertaking by Bp. Andrey was the establishment of the Church-missionary journal “Employee of the Transcaucasian Mission”, which published sermons, articles of religious-moral, church-historical, ethnographic content, discussed issues of missionary affairs, church-social and church-school. One of the main problems of Sukhumi eparchy was the paganism of the population; in each issue of the “Employee” this issue was considered from different angles. Covering the life of parishes, the publication posted on its pages information about parish churches, their history and condition; these testimonies are gaining undoubted value today. It is a reliable picture of the life of Abkhazia in the first decades of the 20th century created by statistical data published in the “Employee” — on the number of births, married and buried parishioners, on the composition of the population and religion. The journal also published the so-called “Travel Notes” that told about the travels of clergymen to remote corners of Abkhazia to communicate with local residents. Some of the publications of the materials of the journal “Employee of the Transcaucasian Mission” are offered to the readers’ attention.

Заметка Николая Гринкевича «О школе» и дополняющие ее тексты

The text corpus of the Grinkevich Research and Translation Project About the School, which had an active phase in 2014-2019, is considered. The sources of 9 texts are: 2 – the Alaskan Russian Church archive in the Library of Congress, 3 – N. Russel’s brochure, 4 – San Francisco newspapers; the note On the School by N. Grinkevich is supplemented, confirming the facts reported in it, by 2 testimonies of Dr. Russel himself (including the history of the creation of the note), 3 parts dedicated to the school student of Belarusian-Tlingit origin N. Savchenko (letters from his father Demian), 2 newspaper publications revealing Grinkevich’s ambiguous role. The obvious reason for the change in public position of this psalm reader, later a member of the Ecclesiastical Consistory of Alaska in relation to the problems of the church school was the inertial adherence to routine rules and procedures, official subordination and the desire to maintain position, but it was the promulgation of his note by the revolutionaries that probably led to his dismissal, already as an archpriest, from the Diocese of the Aleutians and Alaska.

THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND SERBIAN EDUCATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN THE LAST CENTURY OF OTTOMAN RULE

The origins of initial education of the Serbian people in Bosnia and Herzegovina are found in the Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries. Monks and priests, although having a modest education, also worked as teachers besides their regular religious functions. The first students were young men, who were trained in the profession of priests. They usually inherited this position from their fathers. The initial courses were of a limited religious character and were not able to provide a broader education to students. Literacy obtained within the sphere of the church could not respond to the needs and spirit of the new age in the middle of the 19th century. Therefore, it was prominent and wealthy Serbian merchants that made a strong impact in establishing modern private schools. Most Serbian schools were financially supported by Serbia and Russia during that century, up until the Austro-Hungarian occupation. Serbian Orthodox church – school municipalities very often addressed Belgrade for help for reconstruction or building schools and churches. The foundation of Pelagic’s Seminary in Banja Luka in 1866 made a significant impact on the cultural progress of Serbs, especially those living in the area of Bosanska Krajina.

Signifikansi Pendidikan Moral dan Spiritual Kristen Bagi Anak Remaja Usia 12-17

Proses perkembangan masa remaja dalam menemukan jati dirinya sangat bergantung pada beberapa unsur yakni orang tua, gereja, sekolah dan lingkungan sosial. Dalam hal ini orang tua secara khusus memegang peranan penting, dimana Allah sendiri yang telah memberi tanggung jawab kepada orang tua untuk mengasihi, melindungi, mendidik, dan mendisiplin anak-anak mereka. Orang tua merupakan faktor terpenting dalam pembentukan kepribadian anak remaja. Pendidikan spiritual kristen merupakan kebutuhan yang mendasar, yang harus diterapkan dalam kehidupan anak remaja. Pendidikan ’spiritual’ bersifat kejiwaan (rohani, batin), yang juga dipahami sebagai spirit yakni sumber kekuatan, semangat hidup untuk bertumbuh, dan berkembang dalam semua bidang kehidupan di dunia ini, baik secara pribadi maupun bersama orang lain, yang kita peroleh di dalam perjumpaan dengan Allah, sesama dan diri sendiri. Pendidikan spiritual kristen anak remaja merupakan tugas utama orang tua, sebagaimana Allah sendiri menghendaki kedua orang tua membimbing anak mereka untuk mengenal dan takut akan Allah. Pendidikan spiritual kristen akan membantu anak remaja berpartisipasi dalam imannya, agar mereka menjadi orang Kristen yang dewasa. Kegiatan belajar biasanya sangat individual, dan memberi perhatian besar terhadap pengarahan rohani, membimbing individu memasuki bentuk kedewasaan yang lebih kompleks. The process of development in adolescence in finding one's true identity is very dependent on several elements namely parents, church, school and social environment. In this case parents specifically play an important role, where God himself has given responsibility to parents to love, protect, educate, and discipline their children. Parents are the most important factor in shaping the personality of teenagers. Christian spiritual education is a basic need, which must be applied in the lives of teenagers. 'Spiritual' education is spiritual (spiritual, mental), which is also understood as spirit which is a source of strength, a spirit of life to grow, and develop in all areas of life in this world, both personally and with others, which we get in encounter with God, others and yourself. Christian spiritual education of teenagers is the main task of parents, as God himself wants both parents to guide their children to know and fear God. Christian spiritual education will help teenagers participate in their faith, so that they become mature Christians. Learning activities are usually very individual, and pay great attention to spiritual direction, guiding individuals into more complex forms of maturity.