scholarly journals COVID-19 in children in NSW, Australia, during the 2021 Delta outbreak: Severity and Disease spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Williams ◽  
Archana Koirala ◽  
Gemma Saravanos ◽  
Laura Lopez ◽  
Catherine Glover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Virtual Care ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Acid Test

Objective(s): To describe the severity and clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Australian children during the 2021 Delta outbreak. Design, Setting & Participants: A prospective cohort study of children <16 years with a positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test cared for by the Sydney Children's Hospital Network (SCHN) virtual and inpatient medical teams between 1 June-31 October 2021. Main outcome measures: Demographic and clinical data from all admitted patients and a random sample of outpatients managed under the SCHN virtual care team were analysed to identify risk factors for admission to hospital. Results: There were 17,474 SARS-CoV-2 infections in children <16 years in NSW during the study period, of whom 11,985 (68.6%) received care coordinated by SCHN. Twenty one percent of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 were asymptomatic. For every 100 SARS-CoV-2 infections in children <16 years, 1.26 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.46) required hospital admission for medical care; while 2.46 (95% CI 2.18 to 2.73) required admission for social reasons only. Risk factors for hospitalisation for medical care included age <6 months, a history of prematurity, age 12 to <16 years, and a history of medical comorbidities (aOR 7.23 [95% CI 2.92 to 19.4]). Of 17,474 infections, 15 children (median age 12.8years) required ICU admission; and 294 children required hospital admission due to social or welfare reasons. Conclusion: The majority of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Delta variant) had asymptomatic or mild disease. Hospitalisation was uncommon and occurred most frequently in young infants and adolescents with comorbidities. More children were hospitalised for social reasons than for medical care.

scholarly journals Analysis of intracranial aneurysms treated at a University Hospital in Curitiba

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Johnni Oswaldo Zamponi Junior ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Carneiro da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Zandavalli Ramos ◽  
Guilherme Mailio Buchaim ◽  
Lucas Cunha de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Anterior Circulation ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective: The aim of this paper is analyze the population and the types of intracranial aneurysms treated in the neurosurgery service of the Hospital Universitário Evangélico of Curitiba (HUEC), checking possible relations of this pathology with some risk factors and analyzing also the result of the treatment of this patients. Method: We reviewed the hospital files, surgical and out-patient notes of all patients operated on for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms from January 2006 to December 2010, composing a sample of 93 patients. The variables analyzed were gender, age, history of hypertension, smoking habit, diabetes mellitus, site of aneurysm, score scales Hunt-Hess and Fisher at hospital admission and treatment outcome of aneurysms using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Results: The patients studied were predominantly women (73%), ranging in age from 51 to 60 years (38%), with a history of hypertension (61%). At admission, the grade 1 in a Hunt-Hess scale was most frequent (31%), while grade 4 on a scale of Fisher was more prevalent (26%). Aneurysms were more frequent in the anterior circulation, mainly affecting the middle cerebral artery. The most frequent score in GOS was 5 (40%). Conclusion: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is an event that may worsen the outcome of treatment of patients with intracranial aneurysms, so there is a correlation between the amount of bleeding identified on CT and prognostic evolution.

scholarly journals PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF CHILDREN OBESITY BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1099-1103
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Ohniev ◽  
Kateryna H. Pomohaibo ◽  
Mihail I. Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Primary Medical Care ◽  
Children Obesity ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The aim: Of the work was to study and evaluate the risk factors and the level of primary medical care for children with overweight and obesity. Materials and methods: A sociological survey was conducted in main (413 persons) and control group (396 persons) and the copying from the history of the child’s development (f.112/a) of 280 obese children was conducted. Results: It was defined that on the development of excess weight in children and adolescents, biological and social and hygienic factors had a significant impact (η ≥ 3%; p<0,001) and that the level of primary medical care for obese children (proved diagnosis of obesity in the history of the child (f. №.112/а) had only 61,7±2,7% of patients) was insufficient. Conclusions: Identification of comprehensive priority activities for solving problem of children overweight and obesity based on the results of conducted research were done.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF WHEEZING IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
Sunita Das ◽  
Deshish Kumar Panda ◽  
Kedarnath Das ◽  
Saiprasanna Behera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

This hospital based observational cross sectional study having a sample size of 100 was undertaken at S.C.B. Medical College and S.V.P.P.G.I.P.,Cuttack,with an objective to study the clinical profile and risk factors for wheezing in infancy from November 2018 to November 2020. Wheezing is accountable for a high demand of medical consultations and emergency care services with relatively high rates of hospitalization.In this study, several risk factors were identified for wheezing in less than one year of age which had little resemblance to similar studies made in various other age groups.However,maternal smoking as a risk factor could not be found in our study due to social cultural lifestyle in the study population. Factors like caesarean section, history of birth asphyxia, NICU admissions and living in kuccha house were not found to impose risk for wheezing in infancy in the study in contrary to similar such studies in other age groups.The present study revealed, that among all other etiology, the viral respiratory tract infections including bronchiolitis was the most common cause of wheezing in infancy (64%) followed by WALRI (wheeze associated lower respiratory tract infection). In conclusion, if an infant with wheezing has risk factors like male sex, preterm, more than six months age, family history of atopy or repeated upper respiratory tract illness or overcrowding in family, anticipating the severity recurrence should be suspected. These infants should be monitored closely for signs of clinical deterioration. Proper health education,ante natal and neonatal care,promoting of breast feeding and creating awareness to the public regarding modifiable risk factors like separation of family members having upper respiratory illness from young infants will reduce the severity of wheezing and will help prevent their recurrence to much extent.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression and Associated Factors among Diabetes Patients in East Shewa, Ethiopia: Bayesian Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Biruk Shalmeno Tusa ◽  
Mekuriaw Alemayehu ◽  
Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet ◽  
Sewnet Adem Kebede ◽  
Getachew Asfaw Dagne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Diabetic Complication ◽  
Antidiabetic Medication ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Background. Depression is one of the most pressing public health problems and also highly prevalent comorbid condition among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Depression may impact lifestyle decisions and ability to poorly perform tasks which are risk factors for DM. For reducing the impact of depression among DM patients in developing countries, it is crucial to identify and assess associated risk factors of depression among DM patients, thereby designing effective management techniques. In line with this, the current study applies the Bayesian framework, which pools prior information and current data, to find factors associated with depression among DM patients. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Adama Hospital and Medical College (AHMC) from March to April 2019. Data was entered into the Epi-data 3.1 then exported to the R software 3.4.4. Bayesian logistic regression models were fitted to the data using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. Estimates of model parameters including adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% credible intervals (CI) were calculated. Results. A total of 359 adults with DM were included in the analysis. The prevalence of depression among diabetic patients was 9.22% (95% CI: 6.4% to 12.7%). Higher fasting blood sugar level ( AOR = − 1.012 ; HPD CI: (1.0020, 1.025)), having diabetic complication ( AOR = 0.1876 ; HPD CI: (0.0214, 0.671)), history of hospital admission ( AOR = 0.2865 ; HPD CI: (0.0711, 0.7318)), low medication adherence ( AOR = 29.29 ; HPD CI: (3.383, 92.26)), and taking both insulin and oral antidiabetic medication ( AOR = 24.46 ; HPD CI: (15.20, 49.37) were significantly and strongly associated with depression among DM patients. Conclusions. Prevalence of depression among diabetes patients in the catchment area of Adama Hospital, Ethiopia, was found to be very low. Higher fasting blood sugar level, diabetic complication, history of hospital admission, low medication adherence, and taking both insulin and oral antidiabetic medication were found to be strong predictors of prevalence of depression among DM patients. Based on the findings, we recommend that integrating screening and treating of depression, early detection and management of diabetic complication, and giving counseling to improve medication adherence is an effective approach for lowering the impact of depression on DM patients.

scholarly journals A population-based study examining injury among older adults with and without dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Meuleners ◽  
Michelle Hobday
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Population Based ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate the incidence and risk factors for injuries among older adults with and without dementia.MethodsA retrospective, population-based cohort study was undertaken using the Western Australian Data Linkage System (WADLS). Cases included 29,671 (47.9%) older adults with an index hospital admission for dementia, aged 50+ years between 2001 and 2011. Comparison participants without dementia included a random sample of 32,277 (52.1%) older adults aged 50+ years from the State Electoral Roll. The outcome of interest was a hospital admission to a metropolitan tertiary hospital in Perth Western Australia for at least 24 hours with an injury as the principal diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were used to compare participants with and without dementia in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, co-morbid conditions, injury severity, cause of injury and length of stay in hospital. Population rates were calculated based on the relevant WA population data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to examine risk factors for injuries in those with and without dementia, after adjusting for relevant confounders. ResultsThe age-standardised injury rates for older adults (60+ years) were 117 per 1,000 population with dementia and 24 per 1,000 population without dementia. The majority of injuries were caused by falls for both the dementia (94%) and non-dementia (87%) groups followed by transport-related injuries and burns. The results of the multivariable modelling found that older adults with a diagnosis of dementia had over double the risk of hospital admission for an injury compared to those without dementia (IRR=2.05; 95% CI=1.96-2.15). Other significant predictors of an admission for all-cause injury were older adults aged 85+ years (IRR=1.43; 95% CI=1.13-1.81), being unmarried (IRR=1.07; 95% CI=1.03-1.12) and a history of falls (IRR=1.03; 95% CI=1.01-1.06). Females were at reduced risk of injury (IRR=0.92; 95% CI=0.87-0.97).ConclusionsOlder adults with dementia were at increased risk of an admission for an injury compared to those without dementia. Multifactorial injury prevention programs should target older people with dementia, those over 85 years, living alone and with a history of previous falls.

Protective Factors and Suicidality in Members of Arab Kindred

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Hamdan ◽  
Nadine Melhem ◽  
Israel Orbach ◽  
Ilana Farbstein ◽  
Mohammad El-Haib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
History Of

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.

Screening for haemorrhagic disorders in paediatric patients by means of a questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S87-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Music ◽  
M. Novak ◽  
B. Acham-Roschitz ◽  
W. Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Infants And Young Children

SummaryAim: In children, screening for haemorrhagic disorders is further complicated by the fact that infants and young children with mild disease in many cases most likely will not have a significant history of easy bruising or bleeding making the efficacy of a questionnaire even more questionable. Patients, methods: We compared the questionnaires of a group of 88 children in whom a haemorrhagic disorder was ruled out by rigorous laboratory investigation to a group of 38 children with mild von Willebrand disease (VWD). Questionnaires about child, mother and father were obtained prior to the laboratory diagnosis on the occasion of routine preoperative screening. Results: 23/38 children with mild VWD showed at least one positive question in the questionnaire, while 21/88 without laboratory signs showed at least one positive question. There was a trend to more specific symptoms in older children. Three or more positive questions were found only in VWD patients, but only in a few of the control group. The question about menstrual bleeding in mothers did not differ significantly. Sensitivity of the questionnaire for a hemostatic disorder was 0.60, while specifity was 0.76. The negative predictive value was 0.82, but the positive predictive value was only 0.52. Conclusions: Our small study shows, that a questionnaire yields good results to exclude a haemostatic disorder, but is not a sensitive tool to identify such a disorder.

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among Vietnamese adults: prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility profile

MedPharmRes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phan ◽  
Hien Pham ◽  
Thuc Nguyen ◽  
Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vietnamese Community

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has long been recognized as an important human pathogen causing many severe diseases. It is also a part of human normal flora with its ecological niche in the human anterior nares. This study focused on screening S. aureus nasal carriage in community and its relationship to human physiological and pathological factors which have not been studied in Vietnam previously. Two hundred and five volunteers in Ho Chi Minh City from 18 to 35 and over 59 years old both male and female participated in the study. Result showed that the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in southern Vietnamese community was relatively low, only 11.2% (23/205), much lower than that in other international reports on human S. aureus. In addition, nasal carriage of the older age group (> 59 years old, 13.7%) was higher than that of younger age (18-35 years old, 10.4%). Other potential risk factors such as gender, career, height, weight, history of antibiotic usage, daily nasal wash, use of nasal medication sprays, acne problems, smoking and nasal problems showed no significant impact on S. aureus carriage. The obtained S. aureus nasal isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin. Lincomycin and tetracycline had low resistance rate with 4.3 % and 17.4 %, respectively. However, the isolates showed particularly high rate of multidrug resistance (54.2%) In summary, our data provided researchers an overview on S. aureus nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the community- isolated S. aureus in Vietnam. This would serve as valuable information on assessing risk of community-acquired S. aureus infections.

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS PECULIARITIES IN MEN UNDER 60 YEARS OLD WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Tupitsyn V.V. ◽  
Bataev Kh.M. ◽  
Men’shikova A.N. ◽  
Godina Z.N.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
History Of

Relevance. Information about the cardiovascular diseases risk factors (CVD RF) for in men with chronic lung inflam-matory pathology (CLID) is contradictory and requires clarification. Aim. To evaluate the peculiarities of CVD RF in men under 60 years of age with CLID in myocardial infarction (MI) to improve prevention. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with CLID - 142 patients; II - control, without it - 424 patients. A comparative analysis of the frequency of observation of the main and additional cardiovascular risk fac-tors in groups was performed. Results. In patients of the study group, more often than in the control group we observed: hereditary burden of is-chemic heart disease (40.8 and 31.6%, respectively; p = 0.0461) and arterial hypertension (54.2 and 44.6%; p = 0.0461), frequent colds (24.6 and 12.0%; p = 0.0003), a history of extrasystoles (19.7 and 12.7%; p = 0.04); chronic foci of infections of internal organs (75.4 and 29.5%; p˂0.0001), non-ulcer lesions of the digestive system (26.1 and 14.6%; p = 0.007), smoking (95.1 and 66.3%; p˂0.0001), MI in winter (40.8 and 25.9%; p = 0.006). Less commonly were observed: oral cavity infections (9.2 and 23.6%; p˂0.0001); hypodynamia (74.5 and 82.5%; p = 0.0358), over-weight (44.4 and 55.2%; p = 0.0136), a subjective relationship between the worsening of the course of coronary heart disease and the season of the year (43.7 and 55.2%; p = 0.0173) and MI - in the autumn (14.1 and 21.9%; p = 0.006) period. Conclusions. The structure of CVD RF in men under 60 years of age with CLID with MI is characterized by the pre-dominance of smoking, non-ulcer pathology of the digestive system, frequent pro-student diseases, meteorological dependence, a history of cardiac arrhythmias and foci of internal organ infections. It is advisable to use the listed factors when planning preventive measures in such patients.

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