Application of geophysical and hydrogeological analyses to predict water and hydrocarbon entry to the T5 Tunnel, west Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. qjegh2021-132
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moradi ◽  
Morteza Mozafari ◽  
Mohammad Javad Bolourchi ◽  
Alireza Aliyari ◽  
Nikolay A. Palshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Gradient Algorithm ◽  
Asmari Formation ◽  
Fold Axis ◽  
Field Works ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Gurpi Formation

The Garmsiri Project, including the 4.5 km long T5 Tunnel, is under construction in western Iran. The T5 tunnel passes through the NW-SE trending Emam Hasan Anticline (EHA), perpendicular to the fold axis. The fold is mainly composed of the marlstone and argillaceous limestone layers of Cretaceous to Miocene age, incorporating the Pabdeh-Gurpi Formation, karst limestone of the Asmari Formation, and marlstone and gypsum of the Gachsaran Formation. There was a risk of water entry into the tunnel since it was constructed below the regional groundwater table elevation. In addition the entry of hydrocarbons, in either liquid or vapour phase, to the tunnel was possible due to the presence of numerous active bitumen mines in the vicinity of the anticline. To predict the risk of water or hydrocarbon entry geological and hydrogeological analyses together with the Audio Magnetotelluric (AMT) method were applied. Based on the field works, resistivity and geological cross sections were provided along the tunnel path. Several boreholes were drilled along the tunnel route and watertable elevation, Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and permeability values were measured. To determine a broad range of features related to the anticline, 55 AMT stations were positioned along the tunnel route. Dimensionality analysis confirmed 2D dimensionality of the AMT transfer functions, which allowed to apply the 2D bimodal inversion using a non-linear conjugate gradient algorithm. Integration of the geological and hydrogeological data with the resistivity model resulted in a more detailed geological section along the tunnel, including watertable elevation and identification of highly conductive zones in which bitumen migrated. It was predicted that water entry would be observed through the Asmari Formation and also that elevated H2S concentrations would be encountered during drilling in the anomalous conductive zones. Monitoring results and field observations gained during the tunnel construction were compared by the predictions.

Water Entry of a Wedge by Hydroelastic Orthotropic Plate Theory

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (03) ◽  
pp. 180-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odd M. Faltinsen
Keyword(s):  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Orthotropic Plate ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Natural Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Effects ◽  
The Impact

Water entry of a hull with wedge-shaped cross sections is analyzed. The stiffened platings between two transverse girders on each side of the keel are separately modeled. Orthotropic plate theory is used. The effect of structural vibrations on the fluid flow is incorporated by solving the two-dimensional Laplace equation in the cross-sectional fluid domain by a generalized Wagner's theory. The coupling with the plate theory provides three-dimensional flow effects. The theory is validated by comparison with full-scale experiments and drop tests. The importance of global ship accelerations is pointed out. Hydrodynamic and structural error sources are discussed. Systematic studies on the importance of hydroelasticity as a function of deadrise angle and impact velocity are presented. This can be related to the ratio between the wetting time of the structure and the greatest wet natural period of the stiffened plating. This ratio is proportional to the deadrise angle and inversely proportional to the impact velocity. A small ratio-means that hydroelasticity is important and a large ratio means that hydroelasticity is not important.

scholarly journals A FULL REFERENCE APOLLO3® DETERMINISTIC SCHEME FOR THE JHR MATERIAL TESTING REACTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Matthieu Lebreton ◽  
Julien Politello ◽  
Jean-François Vidal ◽  
Gérald Rimpault
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Fuel Assemblies ◽  
Radial Reflector ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Core Characteristics

JHR is a new material testing reactor under construction at CEA Cadarache. Its high flux core contains 37 fuel assemblies loaded along concentric rings into alveolus of an aluminum matrix. For the operation of the reactor, twenty-seven of these fuel assemblies hovnst hafnium rods in their center while the other ones but also the beryllium radial reflector can accommodate experimental devices. In order to accurately predict its operating core characteristics but also its irradiation performance, a recently developed scheme based on the APOLLO3® platform is being developed which uses the sub-group method for spatial self-shielding, the 2D method of characteristics and the 3D unstructured conform MINARET Sn transport solver. A 2D model of JHR has been built and optimized for calculating, at the lattice step, the self-shielded and condensed cross sections thanks to the sub-group method and the method of characteristics. Results are benchmarked against a TRIPOLI-4® stochastic reference calculation. A more refined spatial mesh gives better results on fission rates and reactivity compared to the ones of the former APOLLO2 scheme. The classical 2-step calculations use the hypothesis of infinite lattice configuration, which is reasonable for the assemblies close to the center but not for peripheral ones. Hence, a new approach is being set up taking into account the surrounding of each assembly. The newly 3-step scheme uses the Sn solver MINARET and gives better results than the traditional 2-step scheme. This approach will be applied to a 3D modelling of the heterogeneous JHR core configurations incorporating experimental devices and enabling burn up calculations.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Regional Climatic Conditions over the Past 2000 Years on the Basis of Lithogeochemical Analysis of the Bottom Sediments of Lake Karakyol (Western Caucasus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Alexandrin ◽  
A. V. Darin ◽  
A. M. Grachev ◽  
O. N. Solomina
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stable Relationship ◽  
Past 2000 Years ◽  
Regional Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Field Works ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

Reference section of the bottom sediments of Lake Karakyol (Caucasus) is built based on the cores obtained during the 2010 and 2014 field works, taking into account radiocarbon dating and the data of analytical microstratigraphy. Using the methods of scanning micro-XRF, solid preparations of bottom sediments were scanned in 1 mm increments with simultaneous determination of the content of more than 25 rock-forming and microelements. When building the master-core, the profiles of changes in the content of terrigenous elements were taken into account. This made it possible to precisely combine the two cores and remove from the section the sediment intervals corresponding to the “one-time” events – terrigenous material injections. Comparison of instrumental data of regional meteorological observations in the period 1927–2010 with the time series of geochemical indicators showed the presence of a stable relationship of the composition of bottom sediments with the average 11-year temperatures. Approximation of transfer functions to the depth of core testing allowed constructing a paleoclimatic reconstruction of regional temperature for the last 2 millennia with a time resolution of 5–10 years.

Simplification of Hydraulic Line Dynamics by Use of Infinite Products

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufus Oldenburger ◽  
R. E. Goodson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Infinite Products ◽  
Power Series Expansions ◽  
Hydraulic Network

In many hydraulic control and other systems the effect of fluid carrying lines is an important factor in system dynamics. Following electrical transmission line technique a hydraulic line between two cross sections is characterized by a four-terminal network with pressure and flow the interacting variables. Use of this four-terminal network in a variety of system problems leads to transfer functions relating pairs of variables in the system, where these transfer functions are transcendental. These transfer functions cause serious mathematical difficulties when employed for the computation of system transients. The standard mathematical technique of using power series expansions fails in that this yields instability in most applications where this instability does not actually occur. In this paper these difficulties are overcome by writing these functions as quotients of infinite products of linear factors. It is shown that it is necessary to keep only a few of these factors to compute transients accurately. The transfer functions are thus replaced by rational approximations. However, in contrast to the classical lumped constant approach to distributed systems the accuracy of the approximation can be seen from the factors directly, facilitating system analysis and synthesis. The technique applies to electrical transmission lines as well as hydraulic pipes. This method yields a technique for automatically smoothing stepwise transient responses obtained in water hammer studies. Good agreement has been obtained between theory and experiment on the four terminal hydraulic network approach. The paper covers the results of the experiments made in the United States to verify the theory.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT TAGUCHI ROBUST DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ANN FUEL CONSUMPTION PREDICTION MODELS

Transport ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-764
Author(s):  
Bratislav Predić ◽  
Miloš Madić ◽  
Miloš Roganović ◽  
Darjan Karabašević ◽  
Dragiša Stanujkić
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Gradient Algorithm ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Training Algorithm ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Ann Models ◽  
Hidden Layer

Reduction of passenger cars fuel consumption and associated emissions are two major goals of sustainable transport over the last years. Passenger car fuel consumption is directly related to a number of technological aspects of a given car, driver behaviour, road and weather conditions and, especially at urban level, road structure and traffic flow and conditions. In this paper, passenger car fuel consumption was assumed to be a function of three input variables, i.e. day of week, hour of day and city zone. Over the period of 6 months (during 2015) a car was driven in the randomly chosen routes in the city of Niš (Serbia) in the period from 8 to 23 h. The fuel consumption data recorded through on-board diagnostics equipment were used for the development of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. In order to efficiently deal with a number of ANN design issues, to avoid usual trial and error procedure and develop robust, high performance ANN models, the Taguchi method was applied. For experimentation with ANN design parameters (transfer function, the number of neurons in the first hidden layer, the number of neurons in the second hidden layer, training algorithm), the standard L18 orthogonal array with two replications was selected. Statistical results indicate the dominant influence of the training algorithm, followed by the ANN topology, i.e. interaction of the number of neurons in hidden layers, on the ANN models performance. It has been observed that 3-8-8-1 ANN model represents an optimal model for prediction of passenger car fuel consumption. This model has logistic sigmoid transfer functions in hidden layers trained with scaled conjugate gradient algorithm. By using the Taguchi optimized ANN models, analysis of passenger car fuel consumption has been discussed based on traffic conditions, i.e. different days of the week and hours of the day, for each city zone and separately for summer and winter periods.

DESIREE as a new tool for interstellar ion chemistry

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning T. Schmidt ◽  
Henrik A.B. Johansson ◽  
Richard D. Thomas ◽  
Wolf D. Geppert ◽  
Nicole Haag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Storage Rings ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Straight Section ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Charged Ions ◽  
Oppositely Charged

AbstractA novel cryogenic electrostatic storage device consisting of two ion-beam storage rings with a common straight section for studies of interactions between oppositely charged ions at low and well-defined relative velocities is under construction at Stockholm University. Here we consider the prospect of using this new tool to measure cross-sections and rate coefficients for mutual neutralization reactions of importance in interstellar ion chemistry in general and specifically in cosmic pre-biotic ion chemistry.

ELECTROMAGNETIC PRODUCTION OF HYPERNUCLEI

1989 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Dirac Spinor ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Relativistic Model ◽  
Accelerator Facility ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Newport News ◽  
Vector Potentials ◽  
Under Construction

We review the results of recent studies and calculations of Λ-hypernuclear excitations via electromagnetic probes [the (e, e′K+) and (γ, K+) reactions]. After discussing the importance of the probe, we present and analyze the theoretical features of a model (based on Feynman diagrams) for studying the process. The special kinematics of the nuclear (e, e′K+) reaction, involving high momentum transfers, is discussed. We then present cross section calculations. Using first a nonrelativistic nuclear structure model, we present results for the exclusive and inclusive electromagnetic hypernuclear excitations and for a large range of nuclear masses. Next, we calculate cross sections using the fully-relativistic form of the transition operator and relativistic Dirac-nuclear-and hypernuclear- structure model. In this context, we analyze the effects of the large scalar and vector potentials of the relativistic model and of the Dirac-spinor wave functions of the proton and the Λ-hyperon, on the calculated quantity. The relativistic-model calculations are presented for both pseudoscalar (PS) and pseudovector (PV) KNΛ vertex couplings and we discuss in detail the different theoretical predictions obtained in the two cases. Throughout the paper, we emphasize several uncertainties regarding the determination of coupling constants, PS vs PV coupling schemes, and relativistic uncertainties. Finally, we present technical and experimental considerations for the study of the (e, e′K+) and (γ, K+) reactions at the continuous electron beam accelerator facility (CEBAF), which is currently under construction in Newport News, Virginia.

Cross section and linear polarization of tagged photons

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1079-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Asai ◽  
H. S. Caplan ◽  
D. M. Skopik ◽  
W. Del Bianco ◽  
L. C. Maximon
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Tagged Photons ◽  
Under Construction

Formulae for bremsstrahlung cross sections and polarizations are usually presented in coordinate systems not very suitable for application by experimental physicists to devices such as photon-tagging monochromators. In this paper the transformations between the different coordinate systems are presented, along with examples of the calculated cross sections and polarizations in a form convenient from the experimental standpoint. These examples also give the predicted characteristics of the photon tagger currently under construction at the Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory.

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