Eremostachys Binalodensis, A Potential Therapeutic Choice for Gingival Inflammatory Wounds

Objectives: In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of E. binalodensis on gingival inflammatory wounds. Methods: In-vitro wound was induced by scratching the surface layer of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). Cells were pretreated with 1,10,100,1000 µg/ml of E. binalodensis methanol extract prior to 1µg/ml LPS stimulation. hGFs proliferation was assessed by MTT test. Also levels of critical inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1𝛽, IL-6 and TNF-𝛼 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Wound induction was associated with secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α from hGFs. E. binalodensis enhanced the hGFs proliferation besides reducing the level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-scratch-stimulated hGFs. Conclusions: Regarding anti-inflammatory and proliferative effects of E. binalodensis on hGFs, availability and safety of it, it is suggested for enhancing the wound healing process in gingival inflammatory wounds.

activin-2 is required for regeneration of polarity on the planarian anterior-posterior axis

Planarians are flatworms and can perform whole-body regeneration. This ability involves a mechanism to distinguish between anterior-facing wounds that require head regeneration and posterior-facing wounds that require tail regeneration. How this head-tail regeneration polarity decision is made is studied to identify principles underlying tissue-identity specification in regeneration. We report that inhibition of activin-2, which encodes an Activin-like signaling ligand, resulted in the regeneration of ectopic posterior-facing heads following amputation. During tissue turnover in uninjured planarians, positional information is constitutively expressed in muscle to maintain proper patterning. Positional information includes Wnts expressed in the posterior and Wnt antagonists expressed in the anterior. Upon amputation, several wound-induced genes promote re-establishment of positional information. The head-versus-tail regeneration decision involves preferential wound induction of the Wnt antagonist notum at anterior-facing over posterior-facing wounds. Asymmetric activation of notum represents the earliest known molecular distinction between head and tail regeneration, yet how it occurs is unknown. activin-2 RNAi animals displayed symmetric wound-induced activation of notum at anterior- and posterior-facing wounds, providing a molecular explanation for their ectopic posterior-head phenotype. activin-2 RNAi animals also displayed anterior-posterior (AP) axis splitting, with two heads appearing in anterior blastemas, and various combinations of heads and tails appearing in posterior blastemas. This was associated with ectopic nucleation of anterior poles, which are head-tip muscle cells that facilitate AP and medial-lateral (ML) pattern at posterior-facing wounds. These findings reveal a role for Activin signaling in determining the outcome of AP-axis-patterning events that are specific to regeneration.

Recombinant Protein rP21 from Trypanosoma cruzi has Effect on Inflammation, Angiogenesis and Fibrogenesis in Skin Wound Model C57BL/6 Mouse

Aims: Recombinant proteins rP2 has demonstrated biological activity in inflammation by acting on the recruitment of leukocytes and by inducing phagocytosis, also modulating the processes of angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in different experimental models. In this study we evaluated the effects of the recombinant protein rP21 from Trypanosama cruzi in cutaneous wounds. Study Design: The wounds were induced on the back of mice and treated with rP21 at 1 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL concentration, for 3 and 7 days. Study Location and Duration: Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Animal Breeding Network and Rodents of the Federal University of Uberlândia, between February 2015 and February 2016. Methodology: The contraction time of wound, inflammatory cell activities (neutrophils and macrophages), angiogenesis and local collagen density were evaluated. Sample: Wound induction was performed on 64 male BALB / c mice approximately 9 weeks old. Results: Wounds treated with rP21 showed less closure time, in addition to exhibiting greater neutrophil activity in the initial phasis, which was reduced simultaneously with the increased macrophage activity. The rP21 also performed pro-angiogenic and pro-fibrogenic activity in this study model. Conclusion: These results demonstrate for the first time the biological potential of rP21 in accelerating skin tissue repair.

Autologous platelet-rich plasma action on skin autografts in horses

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the action of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on cutaneous wounds, containing skin autografts, in the gluteal region of horses. Seven healthy horses were used. Two 6 x 6cm cutaneous wounds were produced on each side of the gluteal region. Eight days after wound induction, grafts were performed with skin fragments harvested from the neck, as well as the application of PRP, prepared by double-centrifugation protocol. Wounds with autografts on the left side received PRP (group T), and those with autografts on the right side did not receive treatment (group C). Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed, considering the integration of autografts and retraction of wound edges, as well as neovascularization, inflammatory infiltrate, young fibroblasts, collagenization, reepithelization and autografts integration. There was no difference between the groups (P > 0.05) in relation to most macroscopic and microscopic variables. However, neovascularization was significantly greater (p = 0.0191) in group T, on the 14th day after grafting. It is concluded that PRP favors the process of skin repair with autografts in horses, since it increases the neovascularization in the initial phase of wound healing. Furthermore, the PRP seems to positively influence the integration of the skin autografts and the retraction of the wound edges.

MANFAAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN REMEK DAGING (Hemigraphis colorata W. Bull) TERHADAP LUKA BAKAR PADA TIKUS

ABSTRACT Remek daging (Hemigraphis colorata W.Bull) have been studied and used traditionally for wound healing. This study aimed to determine the effect of topical application of remek daging leaves ethanolic extract 70% on the burn wound. The animals used for this study were 30 rats, divided into five groups, namely 20, 10, 5% remek daging extract ointment, negative control (vaseline flavum), and positive control (silver sulfadiazine 1%). Histology observations were held on days 3, 7, and 14 after burn wound induction. Histological observations showed an increase number of macrophages, fibroblasts, collagen density, and re-epithelialization in the extract ointment group significantly compare to the negative control (p <0.05). The application of ointment extract 20% to the rats showed comparable results to silver sulfadiazine 1% (p> 0.05). It can be concluded that remek daging ointment extract can accelerate the healing of burn wounds with the best results at a concentration of 20%. Keywords: Hemigraphis colorata, burns, macrophages, fibroblasts, collagen. ABSTRAK Remek daging (Hemigraphis colorata W.Bull) telah diteliti dan digunakan untuk penyembuhan luka secara tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol 70% daun remek daging secara topikal pada luka bakar tikus putih. Hewan yang digunakan adalah 30 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok salep ekstrak daun remek daging 20, 10, 5% (%b/b), kontrol negatif (vaselin flavum) dan kontrol positif (silver sulfadiazine 1% (%b/b)). Pengamatan secara histologi dilakukan pada hari ke 3, 7 dan 14 setelah induksi luka bakar. Pengamatan histologi menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah makrofag, jumlah fibroblas, kepadatan kolagen dan ketebalan re-epitelisasi pada kelompok salep ekstrak daun remek daging secara signifikan dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p<0,05). Tikus yang diberikan perlakuan salep ekstrak 20% menunjukkan hasil sebanding dengan silver sulfadiazin 1% (p>0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa salep ekstrak daun remek daging dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka bakar dengan hasil terbaik pada konsentrasi 20%. Kata kunci: Hemigraphis colorata, luka bakar, makrofag, fibroblas, kolagen.

Formulation, characterization and wound-healing potential of emulgel and in-situ gel containing root extract of Saussurea lappa Clarke (Asteraceae)

Purpose: To investigate the wound-healing potential of herbal formulations (emulgels and in situ gels) containing Saussurea lappa root extract (SLRE) via excision wound induction in albino rats. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of roots of Saussurea lappa (SLRE) was performed using standard procedures. In vitro anti-inflammatory assay of SLRE was conducted using heat-induced hemolysis method at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Acute toxicity of SLRE was also evaluated in mice at a single dose of 1000 mg/kg for 24 h. Emulgels and in situ gels were prepared using different concentrations of SLRE and assessed for their organoleptic and physical properties. In vitro drug release studies of the prepared formulations were carried out by Franz diffusion cell and the data fitted into various pharmacokinetic models. Wound healing was assessed using excision wound induction (380 mm2) on dorsal surface of male albino rats. Each formulation (F4, F5, F6, G1, G2 and G3) and pyodine gel (standard) were applied topically (0.5 g) for 20 days. Wound contraction was measured every fourth day. Results: SLRE showed 42.8 % inhibition in heat-induced hemolysis on erythrocyte membrane model, compared to aspirin (positive control). Moreover, SLRE did not cause mortality in mice at the given doses. All the formulations were stable after one month stability check at 40 °C for emulgels and at 25 °C for in situ gels. All the formulations followed first order drug release pattern. In situ gel (G3) exhibited better wound healing (100 ± 0.0028) than emulgel (F6, 99 ± 0.004) containing 5 g extract and standard pyodine gel (91 ± 0.014, p <0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that in situ gel of SLRE exhibits significant wound healing in rats. Thus, the findings present a strategy for the formulation of gel products with better wound healing potentials. Keywords: Saussurea lappa, Wound healing, Emulgel, In situ gel, Herbal formulation

Increasing the required slip range of wound induction generator in wind power systems

Eddy currents losses in the rotor in high power generators do not allow operators, under high values of slip, to regulate voltage and control of reactive power flow. The paper presents a method that can accurately estimate the eddy current losses in electric machines with a less complicated procedure. The suggested method allows researchers to analyze and reduce the losses, and consequently, to improve the wind turbine induction generators efficiencies. The given approach, based on the conventional electric machine theory and the parameters supplied by the manufacturers, predicts the eddy current losses theoretically without the need of the measured material loss data or BH curve. Increasing the range of slip variation of induction motor can be achieved by using a rotor of two layers in the radial direction with different parameters. The first layer is a laminated layer of height (h), and the second is a solid (the rotor yoke). The computation of eddy current losses is useful to change the design of the machine to minimize the losses. This paper presents a detailed modeling of the effect parameters on the eddy current losses in wind turbine induction generator.

Co-treatment of wounds in rabbit skin with equine platelet-rich plasma and a commercial ointment accelerates healing

Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is beneficial in the healing process of reconstructive surgeries, contributing to the stimulation of angiogenesis; however, heterologous plasma has been shown to be more effective. The objective of this study was to verify, by macro- and microscopic evaluation, whether PRP accelerates the healing process as compared to a commercial ointment containing gentamicin, sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, urea, and vitamin A (study ointment). This study used 24 white New Zealand rabbits, aged 12 months, and each weighing approximately 3 kg. The animals were separated into 4 equal groups and underwent wound induction through skin removal in the thoracic (study wound) and lumbar (control wound) dorsal midline. Study wounds were co-treated with equine PRP and the study ointment. Control wounds were treated with only the study ointment. Group I underwent histological evaluation 3 days after the skin removal procedure, group II after 7 days, group III after 14 days, and group IV after 21 days. A skin fragment was collected from each animal for histological evaluation. The co-treatment with heterologous equine PRP and the study ointment accelerated the healing process in the surgically induced skin wounds, confirming the acceleratory effect of PRP on wound healing.

A low dose of simvastatin enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in skin wound healing in diabetic mice associated with increases in pAkt, SDF-1, and angiogenesis

PurposeWe aimed to determine the possible mechanisms of underlying the effects of low dose simvastatin on enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation in diabetic wound healing.MethodsBalb/c nude mice were divided into five groups:- control mice (CON), diabetic mice (DM), diabetic mice pretreated with low-dose simvastatin (DM+SIM), diabetic mice implanted with MSCs (DM+MSCs) and diabetic mice pretreated with low-dose simvastatin and implanted with MSCs (DM+MSCs+SIM). Seven days before wound induction, low dose simvastatin was orally administered to the DM+SIM and DM+MSCs+SIM groups. Eleven weeks after the induction of diabetes, all mice were given bilateral full-thickness excisional back skin wounds.ResultsBy comparing the DM+MSCs+SIM and DM+MSCs groups, the results showed that on day 14; the wound closure (%WC) and capillary vascularity (%CV) in the DM+MSCs+SIM group were significantly increased compared to those in the DM+MSCs group. In addition, by using immunohistochemical techniques, it was also shown that the expression of SDF-1, a chemotactic factor regulating the migration of stem cells, in the DM+SIM+MSCs group was increased compared with that in the DM+MSCs group. Furthermore, using phospho-Akt (S473) Pan Specific DuoSet IC ELISA (R&D Systems, USA) kits, the increased tissue Akt levels were found in the DM+SIM+MSCs group but not in the other groups.ConclusionsOur study suggests that a low dose of simvastatin enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in diabetic wound healing, and this effect was associated with increases in pAkt levels, SDF-1 levels, and angiogenesis, and improved wound closure.