scholarly journals VIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEPATOCELLULAR LIVER CANCER

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
O. E. Kuznetsov ◽  
◽  
V. M. Tsyrkunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Morphological Picture ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Low Prevalence

The review presents epidemiological data on the prevalence of hepatocellular liver cancer (HCC) in different countries of the world including the Republic of Belarus, that belongs to the countries with a low prevalence of HCC. The review also contains information about variants of liver cancer associated with various hepatotropic viruses (HBV, HCV, HDV), the pathological process in which manifests itself as a mono or mixed viral infection. The mechanisms of transformation of an infectious process into an oncological one are considered. The importance of liver cirrhosis fibrosis in the development of cancer as a competing disease, the peculiarities of the morphological picture in the liver and the effect of therapy on the course of cirrhosis and hepatocellular liver cancer are emphasized.

scholarly journals Epidemiological evolution of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer in the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Angela PARASCHIV
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Close Relatives

Introduction. The burden of liver diseases is a major health issue, being underestimated both at the national and international level. In the Republic of Moldova, there are over 70 thousand patients with chronic hepatitis and over 10 thousand people suffering from liver cirrhosis. 70% of patients with cirrhosis develop liver cancer. Over 2,000 patients die annually from complications caused by liver cirrhosis, and over 400 patients die due to primary liver cancer. Material and methods. The statistical analysis of 2000-2019 reports, presented by the Agency for Public Health, as well as of 3666 patient medical records retrieved from „Timofei Mosneaga” Republican Hospital, „Toma Ciorba” Clinical Hospital and “Sfinta Treime” Clinical Hospital was carried out. Results. 89290 cases of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer have been officially registered. Most of them exhibited a viral etiology. The death rate was mostly recorded in patients aged 70-79. The mean age of patients with chronic hepatitis was 57.74±11.22, liver cirrhosis - 56.21±10.17, and liver cancer- 59.05±10.94. The risk factors included unprotected sex, use of sharp objects, scissors and syringes, noncompliance with dietary regimens, alcohol and tobacco use, etc. Close relatives were also investigated for the presence of viral markers in only 38.81% of cases of chronic hepatitis and in 24.37% patients with liver cirrhosis Conclusions. The study of common epidemiological evolution of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer in the population, while considering the patient’s close relationship, might reduce both morbidity and medical and socio-economic impact.

Chronic cerebral ischemia: review of published works, pathogenetic approaches to therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (213-214) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Nazira Zharkinbekov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithms ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Substance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Vascular Comorbidity ◽  
Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine Succinate

Chronic сеrebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality and disability in the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the data from Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the overall morbidity of the country’s population due to diseases of the circulatory system registered in health care organizations has increased almost three times from 1998 to 2017 over the past 20 years. According to world publications, on average, the incidence of Chronic сеrebral ischemia in the world is relatively high among the elderly, occurring in two-thirds of people over 65 years of age. It is also observed in 50% of people aged 50 to 65 years and in 25% of people aged 45 to 50 years. Purpose. To review of epidemiological data, risk factors, causes, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic algorithms and principles of treatment of Chronic сеrebral ischemia. Material and methods. The literature review on Chronic сеrebral ischemia data was conducted using the Pubmed search engine in Medline electronic databases from 2009 to 2019. Results and discussion. A total of 45 research papers were included. This review examines epidemiological data, risk factors, causes, pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic algorithms and principles of therapy for Chronic сеrebral ischemia disease. In the etiopathogenesis of Chronic сеrebral ischemia, a significant part is played by the combination of risk factors known as vascular comorbidity and being the main cause of deaths. Vascular comorbidity is characterized by the involvement into a single pathological process of all risk factors that form Chronic сеrebral ischemia, which lead to a change in cerebral circulation with hypoxia of the brain substance and a cascade of biochemical changes, and subsequently results in diffuse, multi-focal changes in the brain substance. In a case of comorbidity of the atherosclerotic process with dyslipidemia, narrowing of the lumen of the arteries with an increase in the permeability of their wall membranes can be observed, with further damage to the endothelium, activation of synthesis by leukocytes, platelets, endotheliocytes of chemotaxis factors, kinins, growth factors, with the accumulation of active oxygen, peroxidation with the formation of oxidative stress. Chronic сеrebral ischemia therapy with vascular comorbidity, in which all risk factors are В тексте переправлены стилистические и ортографические ошибки. involved in a single pathological process, provides the prevention of polypragmasia, and the assignment of certain pathogenetic drugs aimed at the same pathogenesis that leads to the formation of Chronic сеrebral ischemia. Conclusion. It is most rational to use an antioxidant/antihypoxant in therapy. Such pathogenetic drugs include antioxidant therapy. Among other antioxidants/antihypoxants used in routine practice, Mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) is characterized with the strongest evidence base. Keyword: chronic brain ischemia, chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency, vascular comorbidity, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, Mexidol.

Prevalence of Factor V Leiden Mutation in Non-European Populations

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (02) ◽  
pp. 329-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmina Pepe ◽  
Olga Rickards ◽  
Olga Camacho Vanegas ◽  
Tamara Brunelli ◽  
Anna Maria Gori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor V Leiden Mutation ◽  
The World ◽  
Fv Leiden ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
European Populations ◽  
Apparently Healthy

SummaryA difference in the prevalence of venous thromboembolism (TE) in major human groups has been described and an uneven distribution of FV Leiden mutation over the world has recently been reported.We investigated FV Leiden mutation in 584 apparently healthy sub#jects mostly from populations different from those previously investi#gated: 170 Europeans (Spanish, Italians), 101 sub-saharan Africans (Fon, Bariba, Berba, Dendi), 115 Asians (Indonesians, Chinese, Tharus), 57 Amerindians (Cayapa), 84 Afroamericans (Rio Cayapa, Viche), and 57 Ethiopians (Amhara, Oromo).The mutation was detected in only 1/115 Asian (Tharu) and in 5/170 Europeans (4 Italians, 1 Spanish).These data confirm that in non-Europeans the prevalence of FV mutation is at least 7 times lower than in Europeans and provide indirect evidence of a low prevalence not only of the FV Leiden gene but also of other genes leading to more severe thrombophilia. Finally, findings from the literature together with those pertaining to this study clearly show a marked heterogeneity among Europeans.

“Utopia First!” A Machiavellian Conception of Solidarity in More's Utopia

Moreana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (Number 209) (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Phélippeau
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Communal Organization

This paper shows how solidarity is one of the founding principles in Thomas More's Utopia (1516). In the fictional republic of Utopia described in Book II, solidarity has a political and a moral function. The principle is at the center of the communal organization of Utopian society, exemplified in a number of practices such as the sharing of farm work, the management of surplus crops, or the democratic elections of the governor and the priests. Not only does solidarity benefit the individual Utopian, but it is a prerequisite to ensure the prosperity of the island of Utopia and its moral preeminence over its neighboring countries. However, a limit to this principle is drawn when the republic of Utopia faces specific social difficulties, and also deals with the rest of the world. In order for the principle of solidarity to function perfectly, it is necessary to apply it exclusively within the island or the republic would be at risk. War is not out of the question then, and compassion does not apply to all human beings. This conception of solidarity, summed up as “Utopia first!,” could be dubbed a Machiavellian strategy, devised to ensure the durability of the republic. We will show how some of the recommendations of Realpolitik made by Machiavelli in The Prince (1532) correspond to the Utopian policy enforced to protect their commonwealth.

Evaluation of epidemiological data on effect of therapy with Ipigrix® on motor and sensory functions in ambulatory patients with various diseases ofperipheral nervous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
O. S. Levin ◽  
O. V. Matvievskaya
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
Sensory Functions

The article contains a comprehensive analysis of the summary epidemiological data obtained during the observational study to assess the effect of therapy with Ipigrix® on the dynamics of motor and sensory functions, as well as the severity of pain in outpatient patients with various diseases of the peripheral nervous system: mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy and polyradiculopathy of various origins.

The Process of Globalization and Its Impact on Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Veton Zejnullahi
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
The Impact

The process of globalization, which many times is considered as new world order is affecting all spheres of modern society but also the media. In this paper specifically we will see the impact of globalization because we see changing the media access to global problems in general being listed on these processes. We will see that the greatest difficulties will have small media as such because the process is moving in the direction of creating mega media which thanks to new technology are reaching to deliver news and information at the time of their occurrence through choked the small media. So it is fair to conclude that the rapid economic development and especially the technology have made the world seem "too small" to the human eyes, because for real-time we will communicate with the world with the only one Internet connection, and also all the information are take for the development of events in the four corners of the world and direct from the places when the events happen. Even Albanian space has not left out of this process because the media in the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kosovo are adapted to the new conditions under the influence of the globalization process. This fact is proven powerful through creating new television packages, written the websites and newspapers in their possession.

The Meanings of Life and Value Priorities of the Post-Soviet Society in the Republic of Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Priorities ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses the meanings of life and value priorities of the post- Soviet society. The author argues that, at present, there are symptoms of a global ideological crisis in the world, that the West does not have its own vision of where and how to move on and has no understanding of the future. Unfortunately, most of the post-Soviet countries do not have such vision as well. In these conditions, there are mistrust, confusion, paradoxical manifestation of human consciousness. The main meanings that determine our life-world are: the desire of citizens for social justice and social security, the desire to figure out and understand the basic values of modern society, how honestly and equally the authorities act toward their fellow citizens, and to what extent they reflect their interests. The meanings of life, which are the answers to the challenges of the time, are embodied in the cultural code of each nation, state. The growth points of new values, which will become the basis for the future sustainable development of a new civilization, have yet to be discovered in the systemic transformative changes of the culture. In this process, the emergence of a new system of values that governs human life is inevitable. However, modern technology brings new troubles to humans. It has provided wide opportunities for informational violence and public consciousness manipulation. Nowadays, the scenario that is implemented in Western consumer societies claims to be the dominant scenario. Meanwhile, today there is no country in the world that is a role model, there is no ideal that others would like to borrow. Most post-Soviet states failed to advance their societies to more decent levels of economic development, to meet the challenges of the modern information age, and to provide the population with new high living standards. Therefore, in conditions of growing confrontation, we should realistically understand the world and be ready to implement changes that will ensure sustainable development of the state and society without losing our national identity.

ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GASTRIC CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA AND ITS CONFORMITY WITH ALL-RUSSIAN TRENDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-601
Author(s):  
Viktor Oleksenko ◽  
Kazim Aliev ◽  
I. Akinshevich ◽  
Ye. Chirva
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Mortality Index ◽  
World Standard ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
National Trends

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumor, both world-wide and in the Russian Federation (RF), possessing one of the highest mortality rates. The aim of current research was to analyze the main epidemiological data, the rates reflecting the diagnostics and results of treatment of GC patients in the Republic of Crimea (RC) and to compare with national trends. Using the extensive, intensive, standardized rates, estimated by world standard method, structural analysis of the epidemiology of GC in RC for the period from 2007 to 2016 was carried out. The obtained results made it possible to compare these data with the main GC rates in RF. Results of the study. The incidence of GC in RC decreased during 10 years, for men - 16,42 (4th place), for women - 6,68 (9th place) per 100 000 of the population. By 2021 a further decline in morbidity in men is expected to be 30,27% and a possible increase in the female incidence rate - by 17,54%. The average age of GC patients in RC was 66,5 years. Index accuracy was 0,75, which testified to satisfactory conditions of specialized treatment for this tumor. Mortality from GC at the 1st year of life in RC was higher than in RF - 56,0%, which was due to low active diagnostics - 3,6% and accordingly a high proportion of GC patients of IV stage - 43,3%. Ratio index in RC for 10 years was higher than in RF and increased from 3,5 to 4,4; prevalence rate of GC in RC was lower - 84,1 per 100 000 of the population in comparison with RF, GC mortality index - 15,3 per 100 000 of the population that was lower than in RF. The proportion of patients who have been observed for 5 years or more in RC was 57,3% that was more than in RF. Conclusions. The rates reflecting early diagnostics of GC in RC are worse than all-Russian ones, which makes it necessary to develop medical examination program for the population of RC for this malignancy. The growth of ratio index, the lower mortality rates and the greater proportion of people who have been observed for 5 years or more indicates the best results of treatment of patients with GC in RC compared with similar data in RF.

CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID EXCHANGE CHANGES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN COMBINATION WITH OBESITY USING ADEMETHIONINE, ARGININE GLUTAMATE AND ROSUVASTATIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
N. R. Matkovska ◽  
N. H. Virstiuk ◽  
I. O. Kostitska
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Hepatocyte Damage ◽  
Basic Treatment

Abstract. In Ukraine, among the causes of death because of digestive tract diseases, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has the second place. Due to the significant prevalence of obesity and the growing incidence of ALD, methods are being sought to prevent the progression of the pathological process in the liver, the occurrence of complications and to improve the quality of life of such patients. The aim of the study: to examine the effect of complex treatment with ademethionine, arginine glutamate and rosuvastatin on changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) in combination with obesity. Methods. The study included 156 patients diagnosed with ALC in combination with obesity, including 18 women and 138 men aged (45.3±8.9) years and a median duration of disease (5.1±2.8) years. Patients were divided into subgroups depending on the stage of Child-Pugh decompensation and depending on the applied treatment. Results. At the stage of decompensation, lipid metabolism and leptin levels were low, which indicates the depletion of body fat depots as the disease progresses. It may be due to the progression of the liver dysfunction, as it is actively involved in regulating the formation, destruction and accumulation of fats. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in patients with ALC in combination with obesity were characterized by a significant increase in IRI, HOMA-IR index and a decrease in the QUICKI index, indicating the presence of insulin resistance (p<0.05). In determining the adipocytokine values, it was found that in decompensated liver function, the leptin rates decreased and the levels of adiponectin increased. Higher leptin content in the stage of compensation and subcompensation is also associated with increased secretion of adipose tissue. At the stage of decompensation, fat depots are depleted, so leptin levels are reduced. This decrease is directly related to the Child-Pugh and MELD scores. Adiponectin levels were decreased in the stage of compensation and increased with the progression of the disease and correlated with disease severity and the MELD score. It is thought that an increased adiponectin level indicates the level of anti-inflammatory reaction in response to hepatocyte damage. Significant deterioration in carbohydrate metabolism, adiponectin and leptin in patients receiving basic treatment was accompanied by deterioration of their condition and increased the risk of 3-month mortality. After the course of treatment in patients of group receiving ademethionine, arginine, glutamate and rosuvastatin at the stage of compensation and subcompensation, the rates of lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, adiponectin and leptin significantly improved and differed from those in patients receiving basic treatment and combination of basic treatment, ademethionine and arginine glutamate (p<0.05). At the stage of decompensation in the scheme with the inclusion of rosuvastatin it was possible to normalize the levels of HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, atherogenic coefficient and leptin, reduce the levels of adiponectin, IRI, HOMA-IR, HbA1c and increase the QUICKI index, which was accompanied by a decrease in Child-Pugh severity score and 3 month mortality MELD score. Conclusions. In patients with ALC in combination with obesity, the inclusion in the treatment of ademethionine, arginine glutamate and rosuvastatin helps to improve the course of the disease according to the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, Child-Pugh and MELD scores.

scholarly journals Cerebral venous thrombosis in a patient with Down syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Robayo-Amortegui ◽  
Natalia Valenzuela-Faccini ◽  
Cesar Quecano-Rosas ◽  
Darlyng Zabala-Muñoz ◽  
Michel Perez-Garzon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Thromboembolic Disease ◽  
Hispanic Woman ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
The World

Abstract Background The new coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has spread throughout most of the world. Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare thromboembolic disease that can present as an extrapulmonary complication in coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Case presentation We report the case of a Hispanic woman with Down syndrome who has coronavirus disease 2019 and presents as a complication extensive cerebral venous thrombosis. Conclusions Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare thromboembolic disease that can present as an extrapulmonary complication in coronavirus disease 2019 infection. In the absence of clinical and epidemiological data, it is important to carry out further investigation of the risk factors and pathophysiological causes related to the development of cerebrovascular thrombotic events in patients with Down syndrome with coronavirus disease 2019 infection.

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