scholarly journals Government Competition, Land Supply Structure and Semi-Urbanization in China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Jiale Zhou ◽  
Xiaofen Yu ◽  
Xizan Jin ◽  
Nuannuan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Harmonious Society ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Social Instability ◽  
Influence Mechanism ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
Population Urbanization ◽  
The City

Population urbanization is crucial to establishing a harmonious society. However, the phenomenon of population semi-urbanization is becoming an issue of ever-increasing concern in China. More and more immigrants from rural areas work and live in the city, but their roots remain in the rural area. This paper aims to analyze the influence mechanism of government competition on population semi-urbanization through land supply structure. The study’s theoretical analysis and empirical analysis results are based on the panel data of 105 key prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2017. The results demonstrate that: (1) land finance and land-motivated investment engendered by government competition lead to an imbalance in the land price structure, further increasing the rate of population semi-urbanization; (2) land finance does not lead to population semi-urbanization through the land area structure; and (3) land-motivated investment aggravates the imbalance in the land area structure, further leading to population semi-urbanization. It is found that government competition in terms of achieving performance indicators affects population semi-urbanization by adjusting the land supply structure. Efforts should be made to achieve the coordinated development of urbanization, given that the increasing rate of population semi-urbanization will almost certainly aggravate social instability.

scholarly journals China’s Green Urbanization in the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150001
Author(s):  
ZHANG Yongsheng
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
County Level ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Natural Parks ◽  
The City ◽  
Organizational Logic

This paper proposes a conceptual framework and a strategic idea for China’s green urbanization from the perspective of ecological civilization. The existing urbanization model — whether the activities carried out in the city or the city’s organization form — is largely a product of the traditional industrial era. China must think outside the traditional industrial box and promote green urbanization based on ecological civilization which is the fundamental solution to address the unsustainable development of cities. Green urbanization is more like “building cities in (natural) parks”, rather than “building parks in existing cities”, that is, creating a prosperous economy without destroying but making full use of the natural ecological environment. This means there will be profound changes to the development concept, the activity carried out in the city, the city’s organizational logic, and the implications of the regional economy. China’s green urbanization based on ecological civilization should focus on three basic tasks and two strategies. The three tasks are to reshape the existing cities, urbanize the newly added population in a green way, and redefine the rural areas. The two key strategies are to realize green urbanization of urban clusters that account for more than 90% of the national GDP, 70% of the total population, and 30% of the land area; and to urbanize county-level areas where about 60% of the national population resides.

scholarly journals PILIHAN PETANI PADA KELEMBAGAAN LAHAN USAHATANI TANAMAN PANGAN DI PARANGGUPITO KABUPATEN WONOGIRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Suwarto Suwarto ◽  
Mohamad Harisudin ◽  
Ernoiz Antriyandarti
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

<p>The choice of institutional land in farming crops for farmers can be influenced by the situation and condition of the farmers who worked in the institutional field. Institutional land in farms is important, thus it is necessity to know the institutional land that currently exist in a region along with the factors that influence the choice of institutional land for farmers. The study was designed to answer the following research problem: (1) to explore and describe institutional dry land area of research in current conditions, and (2) to identify the factors that influence the choice of institutional dry land on farm crops. The location of research used poor rural areas which are far away from the town, Bandungan Hamlet and Parang Kulon Hamlet, Paranggupito District, southern region of Wonogiri Regency , ± 70 km from the Capital of Wonogiri. The choice of location is relatively far away from the city intended to get comprehensive information on institutional land. There were 32 farm households in both hamlets that have cooperation in institutional land as respondents. This research conducted in-depth survey and assessment. The result of study showed that the cooperation on an institutional land area there are pledge, lease, ‘sakap’, and lending. Various factors that influence farmers' choices in the institutional area are known, namely: the bargaining position of farmers who work together, the distance of land by farmers, and kinship.</p>

The inhabitants of Athens, 1900-1960. Demography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευγενία Μπουρνόβα (Eugenia Bournova)
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
The Social ◽  
Demographic Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This book is a study on the composition, demographic behaviour, and socio-professional structure of the population of Athens during the period 1900–1960. It is a work of primary research and aims to serve as a foundation for further research. It employs an analytical and methodical approach to address shortcomings in the historiography of Greek urban populations. To this end, it utilises the marriage records of the Municipality of Athens for the period 1910–1960, making this the first time that they become the subject of historical study. This study also draws on published sources, particularly the results of censuses in the period 1907–1961, and natural movement of population during the period 1921–1960, as well as N. Igglesis’ Guide to Greece, especially the volumes for 1910 and 1921. The study comprises three distinct chapters. Chapter One deals with the integration of the population of the Municipality of Athens into the broader national framework and into the physical space of the city and its suburbs. During the period studied, the Municipality of Athens underwent significant changes: Its population grew 4.5 times, whilst its land area decreased as a result of dozens of secessions, during the 1920s and 1930s, of localities that broke off to form the new municipalities. These secessions weakened the Municipality’s pole position in the urban network and signalled an overall shift to the Capital Region. During the 1950s, the two initial urban centres, Athens and Piraeus, grew at a significantly slower pace than the suburban municipalities. The Municipality’s land area was never limited in relation to its population, and there were no cases of overcrowding comparable to those in Europe’s developed capitalist nations. Until 1960, the urban network was not very dense and had not covered the Municipality’s entire expanse, and it was even possible to locate rural areas within the city limits. Like today, the city centre was its historical centre and was its commercial, administrative, cultural, and financial hub until the gradual and partial decentralisation that was to take place in the 21st century. Chapter Two presents the fundamental characteristics of the population structure and composition and the evolution of its demographics, and highlights the impact of migration on the constitution of the capital’s population. During 1900–1960, the capital’s residents began to diverge considerably from the national mean in several areas concerning demographics, as well as in their overall cultural level. The population of Athens grew continuously, becoming an increasingly larger part of both the urban- and overall population of Greece. The changing characteristics of migration to the capital saw the predominance of males in the city give way to a predominance of females and also resulted in a decrease in the number of children and youth under the age of 15 in its population. For the most part, migrants to the capital continued to be supplied by the same areas for over a century – namely the Peloponnese and the Cyclades islands – and there were few foreign citizens living in Athens during the first half of the 20th century. Yet the biggest difference compared to the rest of the country, and the one that confirmed the capital’s supremacy as a place of culture and liberty, were Athenian women, who could read and write. Chapter Three of this study examines the demographic behaviour of the capital’s residents. Focusing on marriage, it uses the Municipality’s marriage registry records to identify the rules and social practices that governed it, as well as the social and geographical mobility of the various socio-professional groups of both sexes. The methodical mapping of the data aims to clearly demonstrate the social and spatial mobility and make possible a comparative approach with other European countries. With the young population that it drew from other regions, Athens recorded high nuptiality, albeit with a higher average age at first marriage. Meanwhile, both internal migrants and refugees exhibited high rates of geographical endogamy, more so than rates of professional endogamy. It becomes clear, however, that up until 1960, Athens was not the unproductive city that certain researchers claim it was.  Both before and after the war, labourers made up 13%–16% of the population, whilst craftsmen and shopkeepers accounted for 23.6%–25%. The elite comprised at least 10% of Athenians, as much before as after the war. This relative stability of the professional structures is a clear indicator that, until 1960, the capital had not yet entered into a new economic development model reflected n the socio-professional composition of its population. Finally, the beginnings of the process of geographical distribution also become evident, by mapping individuals’ place of residence in relation to their birthplace, demonstrating a movement of population to areas north and east of the city centre.     

KEBANGGAAN TERHADAP BATIK MADURA BAGI WARGA SUMENEP

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyida Sayyida ◽  
Nurdody Zakki
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Parametric Regression ◽  
Logit Function ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Level Of Risk ◽  
Non Parametric

Diversity of Indonesian Batik hanging area. One of the very well-known Indonesian batik is Batik Madura. Batik Madura has become a pride for Indonesia, especially for Madura. The purpose of the study is to model the Sumenep pride to Batik Madura and to see the level of risk or tendency of batik madura pride for the community group Sumenep. This research method uses a non parametric regression used a non-parametric regression because the dependent variable in this study is the variable Y are variables not normally distributed. The results of this study states that the level of risk of the village in Sumenep proud of batik is almost 5 times higher than the islands while people in this city who live in the district town at risk Sumenep proud of Batik Madura 8-fold compared to the archipelago. So it can be concluded that the city is much more proud of batik than those who reside in rural areas especially those who reside in the islands. This study uses data from 100 questionnaires were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The conclusion of this study is the pride of the batik model as follows: Function logistic regression / logit function: g (x) = 0,074 + 1,568X4(1)+2,159X4(2 this is case the islands as a comparison, X4(1)  is the place to stay in the village and X4(2)  is the place to stay in town, so the Model Opportunities p(x) = EXP(g(x))/1+EXP(g(x)).  Hopes for further research is to conduct research on the development of batik in an integrated region, the need to be disseminated to potential areas of particular potential in Madura batik, especially for residents who reside in the Islands.Keywords: Pride, Batik, Sumenep.

TILTAI IR KELTAI KAIP XVIII AMŽIAUS VILNIAUS PAVIETO BAJORŲ TEISINIŲ GINČŲ OBJEKTAI IR NUSIKALTIMŲ ERDVĖS

2018 ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Domininkas Burba
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Type ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Small Object ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Green Bridge ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
The City

Bridges and ferries, as objects of dispute and crime locations among the eighteenth century nobles of Vilnius district, is the main topic of research in this article. Case materials and auxiliary documents from the records of Vilnius district castle and land courts reveal how often bridges are mentioned in the court processes in both violent and non-violent crimes. Research explores what types of violent crimes took place on bridges or ferries most often. It also works on questions of geographic localisation and statistics, discussing general situation of bridges in Vilnius and its neighbouring areas in the eighteenth century. Bridges are regularly mentioned in the books of the eighteenth century Vilnius castle and land courts, albeit most references are not related to conflicts and bridges are mentioned as orientation marks or in reference to location of a real estate object. Both non-violent legal disputes, involving bridges as objects, and violent crimes on the bridges were not in multitude, however non-violent crimes were in smaller numbers. There were seven dispute cases about lands, properties and plots of land where bridges and ferries are mentioned. Non-violent conflicts mostly took place in rural areas of the district, four of them, and three such disputes happened in Vilnius (one on the Green Bridge and two on the bridges over the River Vilnia). Most commonly recorded violent crime on a bridge was beating and, since this was the most common type of crime perpetrated by nobles in the eighteenth century Vilnius district, this trend is logical. A bridge is once mentioned in the record about a raid. In terms of location, more crimes on the bridges took place in the rural space, although this particular space wasn’t dominant, since six crimes were reported in the province and five in the city – two in Vilnius on the Green (Stone) Bridge, two on the bridges over the River Vilnia and one on a ferry near Šnipiškės. Trends in crime locations match general crime tendencies in Vilnius district, where more crimes took place in the rural space than in the urban one. One may guess, that the rare mention of bridges partially testifies to the fact that in the eighteenth century Vilnius district level of communication was not high and there were not too many bridges. On the other hand, when assessing trends in violent crimes in Vilnius district it was revealed that bridge based crimes comprised only one percent of all crimes. Having in mind that bridge is a relatively small object, compared to several different or other urban and rural spaces, this number isn’t that small. Keywords: Vilnius district, castle court, land court, crimes, nobles, peasants, bridges, ferries, passings.

Исследование психологических особенностей восприятия города Бишкек городскими и сельскими студентами

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Д. М. Кудайбердиева
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Language Barrier ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The City

Аннотация. В данной статье рассматривается проблема восприятия городской среды студентами из города и сельской местности. Обозначены определения терминов «среда», «пространственная среда», «городская среда». Проведено экспериментальное сравнительное исследование особенностей восприятия города Бишкек городскими и сельскими студентами в количестве 50 человек. Статья содержит результаты проведенного анализа исследования. Выявлены различия и сходства в восприятии города Бишкек у студентов двух групп. В контексте восприятия города изучена неудовлетворенность прошлым и настоящим временем, трудности языкового барьера у студентов из сельской местности. Также было выявлено, что актуальной для студентов обеих групп является потребность в социальных контактах, общении, включенности в социум. Полученные результаты будут иметь пользу в проведении воспитательной работы со студентами из сельской местности, в оказании поддержки им в период адаптации с учетом особенностей восприятия города студентами. Ключевые слова. среда, городская среда, восприятие пространства, городские студенты, сельские студенты, восприятие города Бишкек, неудовлетворенность прошлым и настоящим, языковой барьер, учеба в городе, сходства и различия в восприятии города. Аннотация. Бул макалада шаардык жана айылдан келген студенттердин шаардык чөйрөнү кабыл алуу көйгөйү каралган. «Чөйрө», «мейкиндик чөйрө», «шаардык чөйрө» терминдеринин түшүнүктөрү келтирилген. 50 адамдан турган шаардык жана айылдык студенттердин Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуу өзгөчөлүктөрүнө эксперименталдык салыштырма изилдөө жүргүзүлгөн. Макалада изилдөөнүн анализ жыйынтыктары камтылган. Эки студенттик топторунун Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуусунун айырмачылыктары жана окшоштуктары белгиленген. Шаарды кабыл алуу контекстинде өткөн жана учур чактарга канагаттанбоо, тил барьеринин кыйынчылыктары изилденди. Ошондой эле студенттердин эки тобуна актуалдуу болуп социалдык катнаштарга, баарлашууга, коомго кошулуу муктаждыгы белгиленүүдө. Алынган жыйынтыктар студенттердин шаарды кабыл алуу өзгөчөлүктөрүнө эске алып, айылдан келген студенттерге адаптация убагында колдоо көрсөтүү максатында тарбиялык иштерди жүргүзүүдө жардам берет. Түйүндүү сөздөр. Чөйрө, шаардык чөйрө, мейкиндикти кабыл алуу, шаардык студенттер, айылдык студенттер, Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуу, өткөн жана учур чакка канагаттанбоо, тил барьери, шаарда окуу, шаарды кабыл алуусунун айырмачылыктары жана окшоштуктары. Annotation. This article addresses the problem of perception of the urban environment by students from the city and countryside. The definitions of the terms “environment”, “spatial environment”, and “urban environment” are indicated. An experimental comparative study of the characteristics of the perception of the city of Bishkek by urban and rural students in the amount of 50 people was conducted. The article contains the results of the analysis of the study. The differences and similarities in the perception of the city of Bishkek among students of the two groups are revealed. In the context of the perception of the city, dissatisfaction with the past and the present has been studied, and the difficulties of the language barrier among students from rural areas. It was also revealed that the need for social contacts, communication, inclusion in society is relevant for students of both groups. The results will have the benefit of conducting educational work with students from rural areas, in providing support to them during the adaptation period, taking into account the peculiarities of the perception of the city by students. Кeywords. Environment, urban environment, space perception, urban students, rural students, perception of the city of Bishkek, dissatisfaction with the past and the present, language barrier, studying in the city, similarities and differences in the perception of the city.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to assess knowledge of women about cervical cancer: an urban and rural comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Lesińska-Sawicka
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The City

Abstract Introduction Cervical cancer and its etiopathogenesis, the age of women in whom it is diagnosed, average life expectancy, and prognosis are information widely covered in scientific reports. However, there is no coherent information regarding which regions—urban or rural—it may occur more often. This is important because the literature on the subject reports that people living in rural areas have a worse prognosis when it comes to detection, treatment, and life expectancy than city dwellers. Material and methods The subjects of the study were women and their knowledge about cervical cancer. The research was carried out using a survey directly distributed among respondents and via the Internet, portals, and discussion groups for women from Poland. Three hundred twenty-nine women took part in the study, including 164 from rural and 165 from urban areas. The collected data enabled the following: (1) an analysis of the studied groups, (2) assessment of the respondents’ knowledge about cervical cancer, and (3) comparison of women’s knowledge depending on where they live. Results The average assessment of all respondents’ knowledge was 3.59, with women living in rural areas scoring 3.18 and respondents from the city—4.01. Statistical significance (p < 0.001) between the level of knowledge and place of residence was determined. The results indicate that an increase in the level of education in the subjects significantly increases the chance of getting the correct answer. In the case of age analysis, the coefficients indicate a decrease in the chance of obtaining the correct answer in older subjects despite the fact that a statistically significant level was reached in individual questions. Conclusions Women living in rural areas have less knowledge of cervical cancer than female respondents from the city. There is a need for more awareness campaigns to provide comprehensive information about cervical cancer to women in rural areas. A holistic approach to the presented issue can solve existing difficulties and barriers to maintaining health regardless of the place of life and residence. Implication for cancer survivors They need intensive care for women’s groups most burdened with risk factors.

scholarly journals Quick and collaborative response to teenage pregnancies in a poor semi-rural area of Belgium

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Déom ◽  
L Ben Abdelhafidh ◽  
N Annez ◽  
C Glorie ◽  
M Roland
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
The City

Abstract Early pregnancies are often linked to precarious situations. Even if Belgium has seen a decrease in teenage pregnancies, in the former mining region of the Hainaut there are still twice as many births to young women under 20 compared to the national rate. Colfontaine is one of the poorest cities in Belgium. Last year, one of the local high schools counted 10 pregnant teenagers out of 450 students. Médecins du Monde was already present in the city at the time with a mobile health clinic called the Médibus. In response, we carried out a mapping of the local sexual and reproductive health actors. The lack of accessibility to social and health structures capable of welcoming teenagers anonymously and free of charge quickly emerged as a problem, the nearest family planning center being located 30 minutes away by bus. In September 2019, in partnership with 5 local health actors, we decided to reshape the Médibus into the Adobus in order to offer family planning consultations, health promotion and harm reduction activities at the high school once a week. In addition to offering health information services, we also aim to detect teenagers experiencing vulnerable situations such as addiction, violence, gender issues and refer them to appropriate services. Halfway through the project, we met 430 teenagers in 14 afternoons. The most common reasons for consultation (N = 310) were questions related to contraception for 29% and to sexually transmitted infections for 24,5%. 70,9% of teenagers received condoms and 13 girls were tested for pregnancy. One girl received a morning-after pill. 3 teenagers with addiction problems and 17 victims of violence were detected. The teams referred 18 teenagers to other services. The success of this outreach project confirms the need for information regarding sexual and reproductive health for teenagers living in precarious situations as well as the need to develop reachable and affordable sexual and reproductive health services in semi-rural areas. Key messages Outreach is an efficient approach to respond to teenagers’ needs in poor semi-rural areas. Outreach facilitated the detection of early pregnancies, addiction and violence issues among teenagers.

scholarly journals Enteroparasitosis in patients attended by the health public service: epidemiology and spatial distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 34764
Author(s):  
Andressa Barros Ibiapina ◽  
Janaína Soares Leal ◽  
Pedro Ricardo Alves de Santana ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro Mesquita ◽  
Tito Lívio da Cunha Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
The City

AIMS: This research aims to determine the epidemiology and the spatial distribution of intestinal parasitosis in the city of Teresina.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on the data of parasitological fecal exams performed in the Laboratory Raul Bacelar between January, 2014 and July, 2017. In addition to the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and polyparasitism, we verified the association of these diseases with gender, zone and period of the year by means of the chi-squared test, whereas the relation with age was analyzed by the Mann-Kendall tests and multiple comparisons of age classes. The spatial distribution was performed using the QGIS georeferencing software.RESULTS: The prevalence of enteroparasitosis in Teresina is 17,8% with Ascaris lumbricoides being the most common species, due to the precarious sanitary conditions of the city. The prevalence of individuals with polyparasitism is 3,13%, in which an association between the species Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was found. There was no relation between intestinal parasitosis with gender, but we verified that individuals in rural areas are more susceptible to these diseases. The species Ascaris lumbricoides and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar occur more frequently in the first and second semester, respectively. We observed that there is an apparent tendency to increase cases of E. histolytica/dispar and reduction of cases of Giardia sp. according to aging. Mapping intestinal parasitosis showed us that there is a prevalence between one and 20% in most of Teresina's neighborhoods, and Ascariasis embodies at least 40% of cases of enteroparasitosis in these neighborhoods.CONCLUSIONS: Investments in basic sanitation and new epidemiological investigations must be carried out to control intestinal parasitosis in Teresina, emphasizing that children and the elderly should be considered priority groups in these programs.

Interactive Evolution and Coordination of Urban Transport

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Yufang Jin ◽  
Xiangjian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban System ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The City ◽  
Economic Size

With the continuous expansion of urban scale, blindly increasing or controlling transportation infrastructure possibly creates a short board in an urban system. In this study, a macro traffic integrated system was constructed according to a city's economic size distribution and transportation infrastructure. The planning strategy of traffic, industry, space interaction and coordinated development was put forward. Through theoretical model, the evolution mechanism between transportation infrastructure and economic scale distribution was revealed. Starting from the center of the city and inter city level, China's new urbanization strategy was implemented, and a comprehensive transportation system model was built. The traffic planning in Singapore was taken as an example, and the solution to traffic problems such as congestion, traffic jam, and distance was obtained. Practice has proved that the rational and effective urban transportation infrastructure construction can effectively promote the coordinated development of economy and resources, and comprehensively enhance the level of integrated transport services.

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