Use of activated charcoal feed supplement in diets of pigs

Pig farming is one of the most important and strategically valuable sub-branches of animal husbandry for ensuring food security of Russia and its regions as the special role of meat and meat products is determined with their significance as the main source of proteins of animal origin in human sensible nutrition. The novelty of the work is the use of an active coal feed additive as part of the diets of experimental piglets for growth and development and meat productivity during cultivation and fattening. Effective pig farming suggests use of high-quality feeds meeting requirements of presence of nutritional components and absence or minimum content of harmful and toxic substances. The conducted studies prove that the dose of activated charcoal feed supplement in the amount of 0.050 g/kg of live weight gives the highest results.

The first results of the seismic monitoring system of the Solntsevsky open pit coal mine area (on Sakhalin Island)

In 2021, work began as a part of the implementation of the decision of the protocol of the Sakhalin branch of the Russian Expert Council on earthquake prediction, seismic hazard and risk assessment dated October 6, 2020 on detailed monitoring in the area of active coal mining at the Solntsevsky open pit coal mine (Sakhalin Island). New points of seismic monitoring were installed directly in the area of the open pit coal mine. Integration of real-time data received from the points in real time into a unified seismic monitoring system in the Sakhalin Region was ensured. The results of registration of seismic events of various origins since the commissioning of the stations are presented. A significant increase in the accuracy of the determined epicenters and the possibilities of determining earthquakes and industrial explosions has been noted. The results of the monitoring system for studying the landslide process in the area of the open pit coal mine, as well as the probable factors that caused the landslide, are shown. The developed monitoring system allows for representative registration of seismic events with ML ≥ 0.8 in the immediate vicinity of open pit coal mine, which makes it possible to control blasting operations with increased accuracy, as well as weak and possible induced seismicity formed as a result of a constant technogenic impact on the subsoil.

Self-Heating Coal Waste Fire Monitoring and Related Environmental Problems: Case Studies from Poland and Ukraine

The self-heating of coal waste dumps is considered as a serious environmental issue, wherever active or inactive coal mining has been present. This issue is introduced from two active coal mining regions from Poland (Upper Silesian Coal Basin) and Ukraine (Donetsk Coal Basin) based on mineralogy, organic petrography and geochemistry, and remote sensing techniques. Thermally affected coal wastes reveal changes recorded by organic and mineral matter. Irregular cracks and fissures appear within and at the edges of organic matter particles, which are oxidised, devolatilised and plasticised. Mineral phases underwent oxidation, dehydration, structure rebuilding and recrystallisation. Highest temperatures generated during the fire cause melting and paralava formation. During self-heating, some chalcophile elements like Hg (mostly present as HgS), Pb, Zn can be enriched and released, or different organic pollutants like phenols (originated from vitrinite particles), different PAHs with alkyl substitutes, chlorinated PAHs, or sulphur heterocycles are formed. The introduced remote sensing techniques helped to localise and monitor hot spots with different temperature ranges. Applying SWIR bands of Landsat hot spots from extremely burning dumps in Ukraine were successfully localised, however, only night-time scenes with SWIR can be used. The sun’s disturbing effects should be considered as an influential factor for both thermal imaging camera or satellite images. Thermal cameras can reveal the most detailed signs of low to high temperature anomalies with different cracks and line shapes.

A Risk-Based Approach to Mine-Site Rehabilitation: Use of Bayesian Belief Network Modelling to Manage Dispersive Soil and Spoil

Dispersive spoil/soil management is a major environmental and economic challenge for active coal mines as well as sustainable mine closure across the globe. To explore and design a framework for managing dispersive spoil, considering the complexities as well as data availability, this paper has developed a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN)-a probabilistic predictive framework to support practical and cost-effective decisions for the management of dispersive spoil. This approach enabled incorporation of expert knowledge where data were insufficient for modelling purposes. The performance of the model was validated using field data from actively managed mine sites and found to be consistent in the prediction of soil erosion and ground cover. Agreement between predicted soil erosion probability and field observations was greater than 74%, and greater than 70% for ground cover protection. The model performance was further noticeably improved by calibration of Conditional Probability Tables (CPTs). This demonstrates the value of the BBN modelling approach, whereby the use of currently best-available data can provide a practical result, with the capacity for significant model improvement over time as more (targeted) data come to hand.

Isolate locale ale baculovirului entomopatogenic ca o tehnologie de formulare inovatoare, care protejează biopesticidul din degradare a radiației ultraviolete

This paper presents the conceptual conceptual vision a formulation technology for biopesticides in which the active ingredient (baculovirus) is an active coal. Importantly, this indgredient protects the sen-sitive viral DNA from degrading in sunlight, but dissolves in the alkaline insect gut to release the virus, which then infects and kills the pest. We show, using this ingredient, in both laboratory bioassays and field tests, that this can extend the efficacy of the biopesticide well beyond the few hours of existing virus formulations, potentially increasing the spray interval and reducing the need for high application rates. Are presented both theoretical foundations and practical applications and described the results oriented for implementation and functionality of organic agriculture in Republic of Moldova.

THE EXPERIENCE OF JOINT USAGE OF SORBENTS AND PROBIOTICS IN POULTY BREEDING

The studies were carried out in the conditions of ZAO PPF “Kavkaz” of the Krasnodar Territory. The article presents results of studies on separate and combined usage of active coal feed additive (ACFA) as a sorbent and “Sporothermin” probiotic for development of muscles and internal organs of broiler chickens of “Cobb-500” cross. The studies were carried out in accordance with the “Methodology for conducting scientific and industrial research on agricultural poultry.” At the end of the experimental period, the development of the muscles and internal organs of the bird was studied. In the course of the experiment, the survivability of the bird, the increase of live weight, and the cost of feed were also determined. As a result of the studies, it was revealed that the use of a probiotic and a sorbent increases the live weight of an un-gutted carcass by 5.0-8.7%. With the combined application of a sorbent and a probiotic, the mass of the glandular stomach was significantly increased by 0.15 abs. % (P <0.001). Intestinal mass significantly grew up with application of ACFA sorbent by 0.42 abs. % (p <0.05). Intestinal length evidently decreased by 8.5% (p <0.001) when using “Sporothermine” probiotic. It should be noted that the mass of the thigh muscles significantly increased by 29.0% (p <0.05) in the second experimental group with usage of ACFA, in relation to the control. At the end of the experiment, the live weight of poultry increased by 4.2% (p <0.01) in the second group with ACFA application. In the third group, where “Sporothermin” was used, the live weight grew up by 9.0% (p <0.001). In the fourth experimental group, which was fed with both the sorbent and the probiotic, the best results were obtained and the live weight significantly increased by 9.7% (p <0.001). Over the entire experiment period, feed costs per unit of production have been reduced by 4.3- 8.6%. The survivability of the poultry population was 94.4% in the control. In the second and third groups, the survival rate was also high and exceeded the control by 3.0%, in the fourth - by 5.6%.

Stem cutting rhizogenesis in soſtwood graſting of Philadelphus coronarius L. f. aureus nanus

Sweet mock orange f. golden dwarf (Philadelphus coronarius L. f. aureus nanus) is a promising ornamental shrub in green building within Central Russia. In the Orel Region, this species has a limited occurrence due to the lack of quality planting material, which warrants research into rhizogenesis of P. coronarius f. aureus nanus stem cuttings during soſtwood graſting. Trials were conducted during 2017-2019 in triplicate, 20 cuttings each, adhering to the common woody plant soſtwood graſting propagation technique. Two yearling types were used, side shoots and innovations. Experimental setups: 1 — control (water); 2 — aqueous indolebutyric acid (IBA) 50 mg/L at 18-h exposure; 3 — bottom cutting powdering with 0.5 g/kg active coal-IBA mixture; 4 — bottom cutting treatment with 50 mg/L IBA at 18-h exposure followed by powdering with 0.5 g/kg active coal-IBA mixture. Setup 2 (IBA 50 mg/L) rendered the highest positive effect on the rooting and reproduction of side shoot and innovation-derived stem cuttings. Te best cutting root system biometry (number and length of 1st order roots) was obtained in setup 2 with the innovation cuttings (10.50 roots of 4.53 cm) compared to the side-shoot ones (9.81 roots of 3.68 cm).

Comparison of L- and C-Band SAR data in the Saar Mining District, Germany

&lt;p&gt;The interferometric utilization of Synthetic Aperture Radar data from L-band and C-band has an important role for the monitoring of land surface deformations like former evaluations have proven [1]. Meanwhile several multi-sensor ground-stations are available, equipped with bi-directional artificial corner-reflectors (CR) and permanent GNSS stations, attached to fine leveling baselines. The long wavelength of L-band SAR missions like ALOS-2 (&amp;#955; = 22.9 cm) provides highly coherent interferograms, but here large-sized CR are required e.g. for absolute motion calibration. SAR missions with shorter wavelengths, like the C-band onboard the Sentinel-1 mission (&amp;#955; = 5.6 cm) provide, in general, less coherent interferograms, but a smaller CR size is sufficient. In order to assess the capabilities of L- and C-band SAR data the impulse response function will be calculated at corner-reflector sites and the coherence will be estimated in rural areas of the Saar test site.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The test site is located in the Saar-Lorraine coal basin at the French-German border, a nowadays post-mining district with highly urbanized settlements as well as large stretches of forested and rural areas. The area is characterized by century long active deep mining &amp;#8211; mainly for hard coal &amp;#8211; including extensive groundwater management measures. Here, the active coal mining started in the 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century and ended in 2006 (Lorraine) and 2012 (Saar) [2]. Meanwhile some of the underground mines got progressively flooded. As a consequence surface uplift occurred and is expected to be ongoing in the near future [3]. For a 12 by 14 km area in the Saar district dense and highly accurate leveling campaigns have been performed bi-annually since 2013. Thus, besides good knowledge of subsurface geology and mining activities also precise in-situ measurements of the ground motion are available. The recent and ongoing surface deformations will be monitored using multiple methods including a network of CR at multi-sensor ground stations [4] and publicly accessible Persistent Scatterer Interferometry datasets from the Sentinel-1 based Ground Motion Service Germany [5].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In late 2020 first ALOS-2 acquisitions of the Saar area from the ESA-JAXA cooperation were made available to the authors. The ALOS-2 data are evaluated and placed in relation to Sentinel-1 acquisitions. Finally, an outlook on the possible complementary use of geodetic and C- and L-band data in the Saar district as well as for other mining areas in Germany is given.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1] Wegmueller et al. 2005: Monitoring of mining induced surface deformation using L-band SAR interferometry. IGARSS 2005; DOI&lt;strong&gt;: &lt;/strong&gt;10.1109/IGARSS.2005.1526447&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2] Corbel et al. 2017: Coal mine flooding in the Lorraine-Saar basin: experience from the French mines. IMWA 2017. https://www.imwa.info/docs/imwa_2017/IMWA2017_Corbel_161.pdf&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[3] Heitfeld-Schetelig 2016: Gutachten zu den Bodenbewegungen im Rahmen des stufenweisen Grubenwasseranstiegs in den Wasserprovinzen Reden und Duhamel. http://www.bid.rag.de/bid/PDFs/SA//GWA_Reden_Duhamel/3_IHS_Bodenbewegungen/IHS_Saar_Gelaendehebungen_WH_Reden_Duhamel_2016_04_20.pdf&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[4] Spreckels et al. 2020: GNSS, Nivellement und Radar &amp;#8211; einheitliche Multisensor-Standorte als Referenzpunkte zur &amp;#220;berwachung von Bodenbewegungen. Geomonitoring 2020. DOI: 10.15488/9351&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[5] BGR, 2021: https://bodenbewegungsdienst.bgr.de&lt;/p&gt;

Processing of Heavy Crude oil in the Presence of Coal and a Supercritical Aqueous Fluid

The article presents the results of the primary processing of heavy crude oil in the presence of coal and a supercritical aqueous fluid, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the content of sulfur and resinous-asphaltene substances in its composition, and to increase the amount of light fuel fractions. The work revealed the distinсtive features of the change in the composition and properties of liquid products of the conversion of crude oil in a hydrothermal fluid at a temperature of 420 ° C, as well as in the presence of activated coal at a process temperature of 375 ° C and a similar pressure. The possibility of reducing the conversion temperature of crude oil due to the presence of active coal in the reaction medium is shown. It has been established that the formation of light fractions in the transformed heavy crude oil in a hydrothermal fluid in the presence of active coal occurs due to the destruction of resinous-asphaltene components. The developed technology is aimed at environmentally safe and residue-free processing of heavy hydrocarbon resources to obtain high-quality raw materials enriched with fuel fractions.