Factors associated with the perception of fear of COVID-19 in university students

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors associated with the perception of fear of COVID-19 in Brazilian university students. Methods: this is an online, cross-sectional analytical study conducted at a Brazilian public university with 1,437 undergraduate students between September and November 2020. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale was used to measure the main construct. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test, Cohen’s r test and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: factors associated with fear of COVID-19 in university students were the variables biological sex, perception of good sleep quality, many days of access to information, not complying with social distancing, reporting sufficient hours of sleep, not having a partner, guidance sexual non-heterosexual, being in the risk group for COVID-19 and tobacco consumption. Conclusions: the study findings can contribute to the discussion about the weaknesses that the university population is experiencing in this pandemic period.

Correlation of Population Factors, Compliance With Masking and Social Distance, Vaccination and Covid-19 Infection in Central Appalachia: A Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundCompliance with guidelines, including the use of masks and social distancing and vaccinations has been poor. Our study examined what factors may identify those who will be more or less compliant especially with regards to those with identified higher risk. MethodsA telephone survey of 200 adult patients from two practices, one General Internal Medicine and the other Rheumatology, was performed in May and June of 2021. Questions included age, sex, perception of immunocompetence, smoking history, mask and social distancing compliance, Covid-19 symptoms and/or test proven infection, and immunization status for Covid-19. Those agreeing to participate also had a chart review for body mass index (BMI), physician assessed immunocompetence, and diabetes.ResultsNo clinical factors approached statistical significance for prediction of compliance or non-compliance. However, compliance with mask and social distancing highly correlated with vaccination and avoidance of infection.ConclusionAttempts to improve compliance cannot be focused on any of the particular groups examined in this study.

Risk Perception, Unhealthy Behavior, and Anxiety Due to Viral Epidemic Among Healthcare Workers: The Relationships With Depressive and Insomnia Symptoms During COVID-19

We aimed to investigate the relationship between mental health problems and unhealthy behaviors among healthcare workers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online survey, we collected data on healthcare workers' perception regarding COVID-19 exposure in a work unit. Workers' depression, insomnia, and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Insomnia Severity Index, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, respectively. Work-related stress and anxiety in response to the viral epidemic were measured using the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-9 (SAVE-9) scale. We found that work-related stress and anxiety in response to the viral epidemic was associated with female sex, perception of the workplace as being dangerous, and depressive symptoms. Unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking and drinking as coping behaviors during the pandemic, were associated with male sex, young age, depression, and insomnia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to closely observe the patterns of work-related stress and anxiety reactions among healthcare workers to reduce their burnout.

Determinants of Participation in Contract Farming Among Smallholder Dairy Farmers: The Case of North Shewa Zone of Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

The study analyzed the determinants of participation in dairy contract farming using data collected from 424 (192 participants and 232 non-participants) randomly selected milk-producing farmers from three districts of the North Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The study combines both quantitative and qualitative data obtained from household interview using semi structured questionnaire, key informant interview, focus group discussion, and direct personal observation. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used to analyze data. The binary logistic regression model was employed to identify factors affecting participation in dairy contract farming. Results show that age, sex, perception of price uncertainty, frequency of extension contact and access to training significantly and positively affect participation in dairy contract farming while time taken to milk collection centers affected it significantly and negatively. Results suggest that the need to encourage young farmers, female-headed households, increasing frequency of extension contact, creating access for training, decentralization of milk collection centers and contract farming reduces perceived price uncertainty faced by smallholder farmers from the spot market through creating guaranteed milk price in the study area. 

The Role of Defensive Pessimism and Love and Sex Perception on Rape Victim Blame Attribution among Public Servants in a Nigerian City

Existing literature have decried the propensity to blame victims of rape which ultimately translates worryingly into a tolerance of crimes against persons. Being a lopsided and an understudied phenomenon, the present study sets out to explore the role of defensive pessimism and love, and sex perception on rape victim blaming among civil servants in Akwa Ibom State Civil Service Commission, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey research design, 167 civil servants were recruited, comprising 84 males and 83 females, with mean age of 36.29 and standard deviation of 8.53. To measure variables of interest, three instruments: Perception of Love and Sex Scale, Attitudes Towards Rape Victims Scale, and the revised Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire were adopted. To analyze the information obtained from the measuring instruments, descriptive and regression statistics were employed, and results indicated that the less defensive pessimism civil servants reported, the more victim blame they exhibited. Findings also revealed that civil servants who perceived love and sex negatively reported more victim blame. From this study, a new link was formed between variables of interest and the need for adequate mass sensitization on the urgent need of condemning strongly acts of rape and sexual assaults, coupled with advocacy for desensitization on victim blame among “survivors” (rape victims).

Neural Systems for Own-body Processing Align with Gender Identity Rather Than Birth-assigned Sex

Gender identity is a core aspect of self-identity and is usually congruent with birth-assigned sex and own body sex-perception. The neuronal circuits underlying gender identity are unknown, but greater awareness of transgenderism has sparked interest in studying these circuits. We did this by comparing brain activation and connectivity in transgender individuals (for whom gender identity and birth-assigned sex are incongruent) with that in cisgender controls (for whom they are congruent) when performing a body self-identification task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Thirty transgender and 30 cisgender participants viewed images of their own bodies and bodies morphed in sex toward or opposite to birth-assigned sex, rating each image to the degree they identified with it. While controls identified with images of themselves, transgender individuals identified with images morphed “opposite” to their birth-assigned sex. After covarying out the effect of self-similarity ratings, both groups activated similar self- and body-processing systems when viewing bodies that aligned with their gender identity rather than birth-assigned sex. Additionally, transgender participants had greater limbic involvement when viewing ambiguous, androgynous images of themselves morphed toward their gender identity. These results shed light on underlying self-processing networks specific to gender identity and uncover additional involvement of emotional processing in transgender individuals.

SEKS BEBAS MENURUT REMAJA PUTRI DI SMA N 1 SRAGI

ABSTRAK Remaja merupakan generasi penerus pembentuk keluarga. Data demografi menunjukkan bahwa remaja merupakan populasi yang besar dari penduduk dunia. Seperlima dari penduduk dunia adalah remaja berumur 10-19 tahun. Di Indonesia jumlah remaja berumur 10-19 tahun adalah sebesar 22,2% dari total penduduk Indonesia, terdiri 49,1% perempuan dan 51,9% laki-laki. Walaupun remaja telah mencapai kematangan kognitif, namun dalam kenyataannya mereka belum mampu mengolah informasi yang diterima tersebut secara benar. Tingkah laku seksual remaja cenderung meningkat atau progresif. Diawali dengan necking (berciuman sampai ke daerah dada), kemudian di ikuti oleh petting (saling menempelkan alat kelamin). Hubungan intim, atau pada beberapa kasus, seks oral, yang secara besar meningkat pada usia remaja selama beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan di SMA N 1 Sragi belum mendapatkan pendidikan seks di sekolah dan angka kehamilan tidak diinginkan cukup tinggi yaitu 2 kali dalam satu tahun. Jenis penelitian yaitu deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswi kelas X dan kelas XI di SMA N 1 Sragi menggunakan teknik sampling proportionate stratified random sampling yaitu 100 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri tentang seks bebas di SMA N 1 Sragi mayoritas responden berpengetahuan kurang berjumlah 40 orang (40%), pengetahuan baik berjumlah 33 orang (33%) responden, dan yang mempunyai pengetahuan cukup berjumlah 27 orang (27%) responden. Saran untuk pihak sekolah perlu adanya kurikulum tentang Kesehatan reproduksi di sekolah menengah atas Kata Kunci : Remaja putri; Seks bebas FREE SEX PERCEPTION ACCORDING TO FEMALE STUDENTS IN SMA N 1 SRAGIABSTRACT Teenagers are the next generation of family builders. Demographic data shows that adolescents are a large population of the world's population. One fifth of the world's population is a teenager aged 10-19 years. In Indonesia the number of adolescents aged 10-19 years is 22.2% of the total population of Indonesia, consisting of 49.1% female and 51.9% male. The characteristics of adolescents have reached cognitive maturity. But in this case, they have not been able to process the received information correctly. Teens' sexual behavior is increasing or progressive. Beginning with necking (kissing up to the chest area), then followed by petting (mutual gluing to the genitals). Intimate relationships, or in some cases, oral sex, are greatly increased in adolescence over the past few years. Based on the results of preliminary studies in SMA N 1 Sragi got pregnancy rate and no information about sex education was 2 times higher in a year. The research type was descriptive with cross sectional approach. The sample in this research were students of class X and class XI in SMA N 1 Sragi and used stratified random sampling technique that were 100 respondents. The result of the research shows that the level of knowledge of girls about free sex in SMA N 1 Sragi is less as many as 40 people (40%), good knowledge 33 people (33%), and who are knowledgeable are 27 people (27%). School needs a curriculum on health especially sex educationKeywords: Teenagers; Free sex

Persepsi tentang Seks Pranikah pada Remaja Putri yang Bertempat Tinggal di Kos dan di Rumah di Kasihan, Bantul

<p>Premarital sex now already spread among adolescent, it makes adolescent not taboo anymore with sex. The results of recording by office of religious in Kasihan showed an increase in marriage among an early age, from 15 adolescent couples in January to October, 16 adolescent couples in November and 33 adolescent couples in December. The perception of premarital sex in adolescent should be known to raise awareness and to increase the high number of premarital sex in Yogyakarta. This study was aimed to know the perception of premarital sex in adolescent girls who live in rent room and home at Kasihan, Bantul. This study was used qualitative methode. Speakers were adolescent girls who lived in rent room and home at Kasihan, Bantul who had done premarital sex and who did not. Samples was obtained by purposive sampling with the triangulation. An instrument was used an interview guide of premarital sex perception, recorder sound and stationery. The results showed that adolescent only know about some of the definition premarital sex, it was also only know a part of impact because premarital sex and factors that encourage premarital sex. Factors that the most encourages adolescent premarital sex was because they had boyfriend. Attitudes of adolescent girls who did not hold premarital sex refuse and avoid premarital sex, while adolescent who had been doing premarital sex refuse premarital sex but still did it. The results of this study showed that there was no different perceptions about sex premarital in adolescent girls who live in rent room and home, but there was a differences perception of premarital sex and attitude of adolescent who had been doing premarital sex and who not doing premarital sex.</p>