Characterization of bacterial communities of rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Early Zhukovsky potato

Identification of patterns of formation of bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), the most important agricultural crop, is necessary for the introduction and maintenance of sustainable organic farming. The purpose of this work was the study of the biodiversity of the bacterial microbiota of the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Early Zhukovsky potato, cultivated on gray forest soils. Comparative analysis based on sequencing of the 16S R RNA gene showed a significant difference in the representation of different groups of bacteria in these potato root compartments. Thus, the proportions of the dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of the Proteobacteria phylum reach 47.66% ± 7.22 % and 86.35 % ± 0.53%, respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, the representation of phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the rhizosphere is significantly higher and reaches 41.45 % ± 10.42% and 6.49 % ± 3.23%, respectively, compared to the rhizoplane (7.84 % ± 1.24 % and 0.43 % ± 0.48 %, (P < 0.05). At the same time, Actinobacteria phylum bacteria are present in both compartments in approximately equal amounts (4.40 % ± 1.81% in the rhizosphere and 5.37 % ± 1.42% in the rhizoplane). Thus, it was found that potato forms different bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane in quantitative proportions, which is probably determined by the functional role of these microorganisms in the plant physiology.

Isolation and identification of azo dye degrading microbes using 16s r RNA sequencing

The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify azo dye degrading microbes using 16s r RNA sequencing. For this, ten effluent and fifty soil samples were collected from textile industry from a discharge panel of textile industries near Peenya and Magadi road Industrial area, Bengaluru, and dying industries near Kerur, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India. The pH, temperature, BOD, COD, Odor, Total dissolved solid (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biological oxygen demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Total Hardness values were very high when compared with the values given by the Bureau of Indian Standards. Pure cultures were screened on the basis of colony morphology. Three different types of unique cultures were selected and named as isolates S1, S2 and S3. Outof 6 dyes viz. Corafast blue, Corafast red, Red 3BN, Solophenyl Brown, RemazoleRG , Rubin M2B used, isolate S1 showed degradation on the maximum number of dyes Red 3BN, Corafast blue, Corafast red, in comparison to other isolates (isolates S2 and S3). Thus, isolate S1 was used for the further studies. For this study Red 3BN dye was chosen. The isolated bacterium was gram positive Bacilli. In the biochemical characterization, the isolate was partially confirmed as Bacillus sp. Further, the selected isolate was identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA sequencing. The bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus species exhibiting 99% similarity, the phylogenic relationship of 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence of the isolated strain and species related to Bacillus species in the gene bank database. Thus, this organism may be used significantly in effluent treatment such as textile, paper, ink and other industries.

DNA Barcoding of Swamp Sediment Bacterial Isolates for Swamp Aquaculture Probiotic

Bacteria derived from swamp sediments and aquaculture ponds potential to be probiotics. The study aims to determine the sequence of 16S r RNA gene of isolate of probiotics candidate bacteria from sediment of swamp, to determine the phylogenetic tree between the bacterial species from isolates and Gene Bank data central for their potential as probiotic. The samples of bacteria resulted from pure isolation selected from the sediment of pond cultivation and swamp waters at Lebung Karangan Reservation, Ogan Ilir Regency, Indralaya, South Sumatra. This study was started from cultivating bacteria, extracting DNA of bacteria, amplification 16S r RNA genes by PCR, running electrophoresis, and sequencing the amplicon for determining DNA barcodes of bacteria from sediment of swamp and rearing pond. The result of BLAST analysis showed that KA isolate had the highest similarity 97% with Streptomyces sp. Hjorring101 from Denmark and RA isolate had the highest similarity 98% with Streptomyces sp. BD99 from Pakistan. KE isolate had the highest similarity 99% with Bacillus subtilis CESi5 from Japan and RE isolate had the highest similarity 93% with Bacillus sp.2bFR from Manado. All of isolates were bacteria potentially as swamp aquaculture probiotics.

PRODUCTION OF KERATINASES FROM NOCARDIOPSIS SP. 28ROR AS A NOVEL IRAQI STRAIN

Objectives: isolate a novel feather- degrading actinobacterial species had the ability to produce wide pH activity keratinases.Methods: Of 23 actinobacterial isolates were recovered from farm soil, poultry farm soil and feather wastes, these isolates were screened for protease and keratinase production on skim milk agar, feather media, and antimicrobial production. One potential isolate was identified depending on phenotypical, physiological and molecular according to partial sequences of 16S r RNA gene analysis and optimized keratinase production. Results: 11 isolates out of 22 protease producer had the ability to degrade raw chicken feather and some of these isolates produced antifungal and antibacterial metabolites.The potential isolate, Nocardiopsis sp. 28ROR (GenBank: KC702802.1), produced two types of extracellular keratinases in feather meal medium at pH6 (acid type), 30-35°C for 7d and the alkaline keratinase at pH10, 40°C for 7d.Conclusion: The Nocardiopsis sp. 28ROR was a novel strain produced keratinases using feather meal degradation as a cheap waste medium. The wide tolerance of temperature and pH by keratinase makes it an ideal contender to be investigated further for potential application as a detergent additive.Keywords: Nocardiopsis, Keratinase, Optimization, Feather medium, Antibiotic.

Mineralisation of natural rubber (poly cis 1-4 isoprene) by co-cultured bacterial strains isolated from rubber plantation area

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To isolate Natural Rubber degrading Bacterial co-cultures from rubber plantation soil and to characterize and identify the organisms by 16s r RNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Cocultures of the bacteria were isolated from the contaminated site by enrichment culture technique. Plate assay method and liquid assay method by using Mineral Salt Medium was followed for screening of bacteria for its capacity to mineralize Natural rubber. Degradation was confirmed by Spectrophotmetric and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) studies.Natural rubber degraded by the cocultures were studied at different concentrations and the physico-chemical analysis were optimized (pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources)</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Isolated organism was identified as <em>Bacillus cohnii</em> and <em>Brevundimonas naejangsanensis</em>. The co-cultures were able to utilize the Natural rubber which was confirmed by Spectrophotometric and FTIR studies. From the current study it was evaluated that Natural rubber was mineralized up to 50 % where optimum concentration was 10 %.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> From current investigation, it can be concluded that our isolated bacterial cocultures <em>Bacillus cohnii</em> and <em>Brevundimonas naejangsanensis</em> have the capacity to mineralize Natural rubber and hence such isolated cocultures can be used in removal of from waste Natural rubber products in the environment.</p>

Characterization of Aeromonashydrophila Type Strains Isolates from Industrial Wastewater Hilla - Iraq

Twenty one strains of motile Aeromonas species were isolated fromIndustrial wastewaterAl- Furat Company Hilla- Iraq. The Study aimed to evaluate the possible ecological effect of the industrial waste water released from Company . Samples were monthly taken started from may 2013 to October 2013 . The results showed that the natural properties of waste water were variable due to the nature of the materials dumping in the derange stream . It was found the pH ranged from (1.5 - 5.2 ) , conductivity reached to 3100 Ms / cm while the higher concentration of COD, TDS , Cl , SO4 , Ca and Mg were 140, 1953, 335, 738, 200 and 104 mg/l respectively. A. hydrophila suspected isolale was screening by traditionally tests and then confirmed by Vitek 2 system and PCR technique (16S r RNA gene). Inthis study A. hydrophilstrains are highly resistance to several antibiotics that was considered as pathogen for human being causing several disease.

Mitochondrial markers for identification and phylogenetic studies in insects – A Review

Similar morphology and high genetic diversity poses problems in phylogenetic studies of insects. To solve these problems, mitochondrial based markers have been adopted and are increasingly used as molecular markers for phylogenetic studies. Varied markers have been used for different species of insects, viz., markers for 16S r RNA, 12S r RNA, ND (1-6 genes), ATPase and control regions. Among which protein coding gene, CO-1 is found to be best because of its advantage over others whereas, AT rich region of mitochondrial DNA is the least used marker. A recent advanced technology in phylogenetic analysis; namely mitogenomics have greatly improved this research field. This short review attempted to summarize recent studies on the application of various mitochondrial molecular markers for phylogenetic study of insects.