Determinants of resource use efficiencies among lowland rice farmers of Enugu State, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
T.C. Okoh ◽  
P.I. Opata ◽  
I.I. Umaru
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
The State ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
State Education ◽  
Enugu State

The gap in supply and demand of rice could be due to observable differentials in the allocative efficiency of the rice farmers in Nigeria. Therefore, the study focused on the determinants of resource-use efficiencies and profitability of lowland rice farmers of Enugu State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect cross-sectional data from 300 smallholder rice farmers across the six agricultural zones of the State. The gross margin (GM) analysis was used to estimate the profitability while the marginal value productmarginal factor cost (MVP-MFC) was used to evaluate the efficiency of rice farming. The Stochastic Frontier Cost Function was also used to estimate the determinants of resource use efficiency among lowland rice farmers in Enugu state. The results from the GM showed that rice production is profitable with an average rate of returns on investment (ROI) of 2.80. The MVP-MFC analysis showed that all the input factors hypothesized were over-utilised indicating the existence of large-scale resource-use inefficiency among lowland rice farmers of the state. Education and age were the only socio-economic variables that affected the allocative efficiency of the rice farmers. The study recommends a farm-level policy directed towards the encouragement of younger adults since they are more likely to adopt innovation and boost efficiency and investment in extension education for advisory services to facilitate resource-use efficiencies.

scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION DEVICE OF CEARÁ: THE (IN)VISIBILITY OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (175) ◽  
pp. 136-160
Author(s):  
Eric Passone ◽  
Karlane Holanda Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Management ◽  
System A ◽  
State Education ◽  
Evaluation Policies

Abstract This article deals with the paradox of school inclusion in the basic education evaluation policy of the state of Ceará, a federative unit that stands out among the state education systems of the country in terms of proficiency indicators in basic education, although there is within its system a normative device that deduces from the evaluation calculation the performance of students with disabilities, generating a state of “internal exclusion” to the school system. Based on the debate about evaluation policies as a mechanism of educational management in the national context and on the observation of studies that point to the exclusionary trend of large-scale evaluation in relation to inclusive education, a law provision is addressed that promotes the exclusion of special education from the results of the evaluations of the Permanent Evaluation System of Ceará Basic Education [Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará] (Spaece).

scholarly journals Profitability and Resource Use Efficiency of Rice Production in Jhapa District of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Sanjiv Subedi ◽  
Yuga Nath Ghimire ◽  
Meena Kharel ◽  
Bimala Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Use Efficiency

This research was conducted from January to June, 2020 to determine the profitability and resource use efficiency of rice production in Jhapa district of Nepal. The primary information was collected from 100 rice growing farmers, randomly selected from the sampling frame, using the pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule; moreover, two Key Informant Surveys were also done. In addition, the secondary information was collected from the review of related literatures. Descriptive statistics, Cobb-Douglas production function were used for data analysis. The gross margin (NRs. 53,531/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.05) indicated that rice production was profitable with the productivity of 4.5 mt/ha. The return to scale of rice production was calculated 0.86 which indicated that the production function exhibited a decreasing return to scale. The allocative efficiency indices revealed that for optimum allocation of resources, cost on seed, chemical fertilizers and irrigation cum pesticides/herbicides need to be increased by 73.8, 78.4 and 93.9% respectively; while cost on human labor and tractor power should be decreased by 53.8 and 51.5% respectively. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-4: 242-247

scholarly journals Assessment of the Profitability of Rice Production in Afikpo North L.G.A.

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Uche Nkechi ◽  
Donatus, Jane ◽  
N. Uchenwachi, Margaret
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Margin Analysis

This study was carried out to determine the profitability of rice production in Afikpo North L.G.A Ebonyi State of Nigeria between April and September, 2019. Seventy (70) rice farmers (35 each) randomly selected from two prominent rice producing villages (Amasiri and Akpoha) in the study area were used as sample size. Questionnaires and personal interviews respectively were the basic primary and secondary means of data collection. Descriptive statistics, Gross margin analysis and Likert Scale were used to analyze the data obtained for socio-economic, profitability and constraints to rice production in the study area respectively. Results showed that socio-economic characteristics including gender, age, farm size, household, education etc are among the factors that affect rice production in the area. The result of likert scale showed that inadequate capital, high cost of labour, inadequate farm input etc were major constraints to rice production, while cost of transportation, cost of pesticide and marketing outlet were not considered as constraints rice production in the area. The result of gross margin analysis showed that Total Revenue and Gross margin were 270,000 and 214, 0000 respectively while Net Profit was N201, 500. The cost return ratio was 3.9k. This implies that the rice farming is highly profitable since the total revenue significantly outweighed the total cost. The cost return ratio of 3.9k implies that for every one naira invested in rice production about 4.0k is returned as profit. The study therefore recommends that Government should formulate agricultural enhancement policies that will address the major constraints observed in this study to ensure large scale and profitable rice production in Afikpo North LGA.

scholarly journals PROFITABILITY OF CATFISH PRODUCTION IN ENUGU METROPOLIS, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
I. L. Umaru ◽  
T. C. Okoh ◽  
R. C. Ishiwu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Margin Analysis

The study was carried out in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State, to investigate the profitability of catfish production. Specifically, the study described the socioeconomic characteristics of catfish farmers; estimated cost and returns of catfish production and identified constraints to catfish production in the study area. Data were collected from 120 respondents who were purposively chosen in the three Local Government Areas that made up Enugu Metropolis, using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Gross margin model and a 3-point Likert type rating scale. The study showed that 61.7% of the respondents were males with a majority (95.0%) below the age of 45 years. The study revealed that from every 1000 fingerlings that were stocked, 980 catfishes were harvested with an average weight of 1.5kg in a period of 6 months. The catfish farmers expended an average total cost of N575,168 and made an average total revenue of N1,176,000. This indicates a survival rate of 98% of catfishes that was reared in the area.  The gross margin analysis revealed a gross margin of N652,700.00 with a net farm income of N600,832.00 for every 1000 catfishes that were raised to maturity at1kg. For every 1N invested in the business, there was a return of N1.25 (RCI). The study concludes that catfish production in the study area was dominated by males in their active age who were well educated. Catfish production was very profitable in the study area. The constraints facing the farmers were the high cost of feeds, insufficient capital and poor extension services. These farmers could handle large scale production if capital is made available to them which will also allow them to make more profits and become employers of labour. The study recommends that educated unemployed youths in the area should be encouraged to go into catfish farming since the business is very profitable.  Soft loans should be made available by credit agencies for the catfish farmers in the area to enable them to increase their scale of operation and the farmers should form and manage functional cooperative societies to enable them to achieve economies of scale.

Is economic inequality a universal evil?

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The State ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
A Current

Using published estimates of inequality for two countries (Russia and USA) the paper demonstrates that inequality measuring still remains in the state of “statistical cacophony”. Under this condition, it seems at least untimely to pass categorical normative judgments and offer radical political advice for governments. Moreover, the mere practice to draw normative conclusions from quantitative data is ethically invalid since ordinary people (non-intellectuals) tend to evaluate wealth and incomes as admissible or inadmissible not on the basis of their size but basing on whether they were obtained under observance or violations of the rules of “fair play”. The paper concludes that a current large-scale ideological campaign of “struggle against inequality” has been unleashed by left-wing intellectuals in order to strengthen even more their discursive power over the public.

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

The main directions of educational policy of Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
K. E. Stupak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Education System ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
State Education Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Education

The article deals with analyzing the main streams of the education policy in Finland, which reflect the relationship between a person and society in modern socio–economic conditions. Such policy directs the system of education to change the person and his mind himself. Finland using its education system, has long before been concerned about preparing people for the future by reforming approaches to teaching in schools and higher education institutions. As a result, it has achieved world–wide recognition and top positions in various ratings have resulted. Therefore, today there is a great interest of scientists in certain issues of education functioning in Finland. Thus, G. Androshchuk, V. Butova. I. Zhernokleeva, T. Pushkareva and others study in their works the purpose and decisive role of Finland's education policy in the development of the education system. S. Grinyuk and V. Zagvozdkin pay attention to the practical the steps of reforming the Finnish system of education. T. Drobyshevsk investigates the system of providing educational services in Finland as a sector of knowledge production. L. Volynets, P. Kukharchuk consider the principles of the state education policy of Finland. L. Smolskaya examines the role of the state policy in implementing the "Finnish phenomenon"; P. Basyliuk and Yu. Kulykova, focus attention on the study of the evolution of the system of higher education in Finland; O. Scherbak reveals peculiarities of vocational education and training.

Etude de l'aménagement d'une forêt classée au Mali avec la participation des populations riveraines - Données du problème et éléments de méthodologie | A Study of the Management of a State-Owned Forest in Mali with the Participation of the Population Living nearby - Issue under Investigation and Elements of Methodology

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Pascal Schneider ◽  
Jean-Pierre Sorg
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The People

In and around the state-owned forest of Farako in the region of Sikasso, Mali, a large-scale study focused on finding a compromise allowing the existential and legitimate needs of the population to be met and at the same time conserving the forest resources in the long term. The first step in research was to sketch out the rural socio-economic context and determine the needs for natural resources for autoconsumption and commercial use as well as the demand for non-material forest services. Simultaneously, the environmental context of the forest and the resources available were evaluated by means of inventories with regard to quality and quantity. According to an in-depth comparison between demand and potential, there is a differentiated view of the suitability of the forest to meet the needs of the people living nearby. Propositions for a multipurpose management of the forest were drawn up. This contribution deals with some basic elements of research methodology as well as with results of the study.

SEARCH FOR A NEW MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF WORLD-CLASS HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
V. F. UKOLOV ◽  
◽  
E. N. OZHIGANOV ◽  
Yu. V. RAGULINA ◽  
V. V. ARKHIPOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Management Model ◽  
World Class ◽  
Hydrogen Technologies

After the research, the authors came to the conclusion: it is necessary to get a new, interstate platform-type structure for the development, production and large-scale implementation of civil hydrogen technologies for various fields of activity and the state.

State youth policy and its role in social development

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
YURI V. BEREZUTSKIY ◽  
◽  
NIKOLAY M. BAYKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Far East ◽  
The State ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Migratory Movements

The article presents the analysis of the state youth policy as an instrument of influence on the state and social development of youth, its social activity. The contradictions that exist between the performance indicators declared by the state policy and the real problems of youth, determined by the living conditions, are indicated. Based on the results of all-Russian and regional sociological studies and statistics, the motives of migratory movements of youth from their territories of residence to the centers of gravity of the country and foreign countries that have more attractive living and employment conditions for youth are justified. Using the example of the Russian Far East, the dysfunctional consequences of the clerical-bureaucratic approach laid down in the state youth policy to quantify the state of youth ignoring its large-scale migration outflow from the territories of residence are substantiated. Scientific and practical recommendations on improvement of indicators of the state youth policy promoting strengthening of its role in providing the basic needs of youth in various spheres of activity, especially in development of youth business are offered.

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