Evaluation of cellular and molecular and anti-apoptotic effects of lipid nanoparticle-containing Artemisia extract in ovarian cancer cells

Ovarian cancer is the fifth reason for the woman's death. When cells get malignant changes in one or both ovaries, ovarian cancer gets formed. This kind of cancer when it is under control, it influenced the fertility of the patient. Artemisia Aucheri Boiss is used for most of the diseases to be healed. Due to the importance of ovarian cancer and the potential of anti-Apoptotic of Artemisia Aucheri Boiss, in this research the extraction of this plant in lipid nanoparticles with the target of cellular and molecular effects and anti Apoptotic loaded on the ovarian cancer cells. In this examination, first nanoparticles containing Artemisia extraction were synthesized by homogenizer plus sonication and subsequently their physical and chemical properties were determined like (size and shape of particles, description of particles, zeta potential, rate of efficiency of essential oil. Then the anti Apoptotic effect of lipid nanoparticle-containing Artemisia extraction in ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3 line) was determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis.Results of the cellular effects of lipid nanoparticle-containing extraction of the plant on the ovarian cancer cells show that the increase of viscosity of lipid nanoparticle containing the essence of this plant led to disease in the viability of ovarian cancer cells compared to pure essence. It seem that lipid nanoparticles appear to activate the apoptotic pathway in ovarian cancer cells.

Antiviral effect of Artemisia aucheri aqueous extract on UL46 and US6 genes of HSV-1

HSV-1 is associated with oral lesions. Recently, anti-herpetic activity of different plant species has been investigated. In this study, the effects of Artemisia aucheri aqueous extract on the HSV-1 virus-infected Vero cells were assessed. The highest cell viability occurred in plant aqueous extracts was with a concentration of 75 μg/mL, 1–2 h before viral infection. The IC50 of the aqueous extract of 24.7 μg/ml was calculated. Most percentage of infected cell inhibition (89.6%) was with the chloroform fraction in concentration of 75 μg/ml, and the least percentage of infected cell inhibition (21.7%) was in concentration of 12.5 μg/ml with the ethyl acetate fraction in comparison with untreated control. Moreover, Q-PCR results revealed that the expression of genes UL46 and US6 were significantly reduced in the presence of different treatments utilized in the experiment. In conclusion, the present study proposes that aqueous extracts of medicinal plant Artemisia aucheri have anti-viral property and may be considered as a remedy for HSV-1 treatment.

A Comparison of Vegetative Climate of Artemisia Sieberi Besser and Artemisia Aucheri Boiss in Iran

The relationship between plant species and climatic factors has always been a fundamental issue in plant ecology, and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be effective in revealing the relationship between climatic factors and plant species distribution. Therefore, in this study, climatic factors affecting the distribution of Artemisia sieberi and Artemisia aucheri, widely distributed in Iran, were investigated. For this purpose, 117 climatic factors were used, and to reduce the number of factors and determine the most important effective ones, a factor analysis was used by principal component analysis. The results showed that six factors including heating temperature, spring and summer precipitation, wind, autumn-winter precipitation, and dusty and cloudiness days explained 37.32%, 22.54%, 7.18%, 6.6%, 4.22%, and 4.15% of data variation, respectively. Together these seven factors account for 82% of data variation. The autumn-winter precipitation and heating temperature had the greatest impact on the presence of Artemisia sieberi and Artemisia aucheri, respectively, so that the autumn-winter precipitation was negative in areas where Ar.sieberi is observed. The heating temperature factor is negative in areas where Ar.aucheri is present, while it is positive in areas lacking Ar.aucheri. The study of the effect of environmental factors on Artemisia species distribution is very important in planning and management of natural resources, and Artemisia is one of the most important plants in the country's rangelands; therefore, the results of this research can be used for practical planning, management and reclamation of these rangelands.

Evaluation of Anti-amoebic Activity of Spring Leaf Extract of Artemisia aucheri on Acanthamoeba (T4 strain) In vitro.

Background: Acanthamoeba belongs to the free-living amoebae genus that caused a widespread infection with different severity in humans and animals. Treatment of these opportunistic protozoan infections is not still safe or effective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of spring extract of Artemisia aucheri on Acanthamoeba in vitro. Method: Trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba cultured on non-nutrient agar plates containing bacteria Escherichia coli. Macrophage cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium. Different concentrations of spring extract of A. aucheri were added to cultivated parasites and macrophages and additionally calculated to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for parasites and its 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) for macrophages. Then, the viability of parasites was evaluated using counting assay. MTT assay was carried out on macrophage cells based on growth inhibition. Furthermore, in order to determine the possible induction of apoptosis in cysts of Acanthamoeba, flow cytometry method was employed using annexin staining. Results: The effect of A. aucheri on trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba was effective and has a reverse relationship with its concentration. The IC50 value of spring extract on trophozoites and cysts of parasite was estimated 200 and 333 μg/ml at 24 h, respectively. According to the results of flow cytometry, the spring A. aucheri extract caused about 20% apoptosis. Conclusion: Regarding the above results, it can be concluded that spring A. aucheri extract was effective against trophozoite and cyst forms of Acanthamoeba in vitro. Therefore, this plant could be a herbal drug candidate appropriate for treatment of Acanthamoeba infections.

Efficacy of a mixed herbal essential oils as a treatment option for clinical endometritis in dairy cattle

Backgruond: The endometritis form of uterine infection is considered as a common reproductive disorder deleterious to the reproductive performance of dairy herds. A wide variety of treatments with controversial results have been reported for endometritis, including local or systemic administration of antibiotics or disinfectants as well as hormone application. These treatments have side effects on endometrium, and antibiotic residues are found in milk following intrauterine and systemic antibiotic therapies. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible effects of the mixed essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge, Artemisia Aucheri Boiss and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry on treatment of clinical endometritis in dairy cattle. Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty cows with clinical endometritis were selected and randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: the HM group intrauterinely received mixed herbal essential oils, the OX group received 2.5 g oxytetracycline HCl, and the EX group received 1 g of ceftiofur sodium. Results: The cleaning and first service conception rate was significantly higher in HM group than the EX, whereas the mean open days were lower in HM than the EX group. The number of service per conception was also significantly lower in HM group than OX and EX groups. In general, reproductive performance after herbal treatment was quite comparable to chemical antibiotic therapy and even better in some other reproductive indices. Conclusion: The mixed essential oils treatment represents an effective potential alternative to postpartum therapy for cows with clinical endometritis. Key words: cattle; endometritis; Satureja; Artemisia; Syzygium

The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Artemisia aucheri Seed on Acanthamoeba In vitro

Aim: Acanthamoeba cause dangerous diseases in humans such as encephalitis and keratitis as an opportunistic pathogen. Due to the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-Acanthamoeba and anti-leishmania activities of Artemisia, the aim of this study is investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri seed on Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts in vitro. Materials and Methods: Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts were propagated in appropriate culture medium. Aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri were prepared at concentrations of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 μg/ml and were added to both protozoa forms (trophozoites and cysts). Then, three techniques including trypan blue, MTT and flowcytometry were used to investigate the effect of this extract on Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. Results: It was found that increasing the time and concentration of aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri seed significantly reduced the number of live Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts (P ≤0.05). At the concentration of 2000 µg/ml the number of live trophozoites was 0% and at the concentration of 62.5 µg/ml the number of live trophozoites was 57.7%. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri has anti-acanthamoeba activity and seems to have beneficial pharmacological effects on some diseases and complications caused by Acanthamoeba. Further research is needed to determine this issue.