Brief Review on Future of Medicine: Nanorobots

Nano-robots are the robots that are the technology of creating machines or robots close to the microscopic scale of a nanometre (10-9meters). These devices range from 0.1 – 10 micrometres. Nano-robots are the advances in technology. The technology has expanded our capability and potential to operate the world around us on above removing scale. Nano robots can be used in various application such as space and medicine technology. Nanos robots are device is used for motive of nourishing, keeping and protecting the human body opposing antibody, microorganisms, pathogens. Nano robots are instrumental by using various components such as actuators, sensors, control, power, conveying and by affiliating cross – marked scales between organic and inorganic systems. Nanotechnologies are quickly arising within the nation of medicine, and this subdivision has been termed Nano medicine. Application for nanorobotics in medicine including diagnosis and drug delivery for cancer, tissue engineering, pharmacokinetics, dental surgery, ophthalmology and others. This region of work is fulfilled with prospective and possible applications, many of like that recently animating researched and evolution. The objective of this paper is to introduce the expanding sector of nanorobotics inside in medicine and advancement in medical application.

Orthogonal chemistry in the design of rare-earth metal oxyhydrides

Inorganic systems containing two or more kinds of anions, such as rare-earth metal oxyhydrides, have a number of interesting properties that can be used in the design and development of new functional materials with desired characteristics. Chemical synthesis of these materials can be accomplished by oxidation of metal hydrides. However, the oxidation process of a metal hydride is directly accompanied by the release of hydrogen; both processes are a combination of two sequential reactions. This is usually not favorable for the formation and crystallization of the ternary oxyhydride composition. One possible way to overcome this problem is to introduce an appropriate amount of oxygen atoms into certain interstitial positions adjacent to the metal sites of the hydride lattice. Guided by the ideas of orthogonality, we have proposed a theoretical model capable of providing a thorough understanding of the chemical processes occurring in a multicomponent system at the molecular level. This model opens the way for predicting a wide range of new, stable multi-anion compounds of different compositions. It can also control functionality by adding noncovalent interactions between different kinds of anions, which can lead to the formation of chiral structures or a significant increase in ferro- and piezoelectric properties.

Nucleation of protein mesocrystals via oriented attachment

Self-assembly of proteins holds great promise for the bottom-up design and production of synthetic biomaterials. In conventional approaches, designer proteins are pre-programmed with specific recognition sites that drive the association process towards a desired organized state. Although proven effective, this approach poses restrictions on the complexity and material properties of the end-state. An alternative, hierarchical approach that has found wide adoption for inorganic systems, relies on the production of crystalline nanoparticles that become the building blocks of a next-level assembly process driven by oriented attachment (OA). As it stands, OA has not yet been observed for protein systems. Here we employ cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryoEM) in the high nucleation rate limit of protein crystals and map the self-assembly route at molecular resolution. We observe the initial formation of facetted nanocrystals that merge lattices by means of OA alignment well before contact is made, satisfying non-trivial symmetry rules in the process. As these nanocrystalline assemblies grow larger we witness imperfect docking events leading to oriented aggregation into mesocrystalline assemblies. These observations highlight the underappreciated role of the interaction between crystalline nuclei, and the impact of OA on the crystallization process of proteins.

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Tani Pattunggalengan di Kabupaten Takalar melalui inovasi budidaya bawang merah

Shallots are one of the horticultural crops cultivated by the Pattunggalengan Farmer Groups in Banggae Village, Takalar Regency, whose production is decreasing. The decline in production is influenced by application inorganic systems and use of seeds that are not superior because they come from multiplied tillers and cultivation systems that are semi-manual. The purpose of this activity’s to provide counseling and assistance on onion cultivation innovation in Pattunggalengan Farmer Groups, from selecting seeds, making planting demonstration plots, fertilizing, planting, watering and harvesting. The method used was discussion group forum and making of planting demonstration plot using Super Philip and drip irrigation. The soil pH condition demonstration plot location was 6.5, which classified optimal but was given organic fertilizer to provide macro nutrients, shallot seeds by giving mankozeb fungicide with drip irrigation watering system on each sample bed. The yield obtained with 100 kg and the number of seeds were 250 kg/100 m2. The counseling and mentoring that was carried out made the Pattunggalengan farmer know good soil cultivation, superior seeds and production resulting from the innovation of shallot cultivation

Anomalous SAXS at P12 beamline EMBL Hamburg: instrumentation and applications

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is an established method for studying nanostructured systems and in particular biological macromolecules in solution. To obtain element-specific information about the sample, anomalous SAXS (ASAXS) exploits changes of the scattering properties of selected atoms when the energy of the incident X-rays is close to the binding energy of their electrons. While ASAXS is widely applied to condensed matter and inorganic systems, its use for biological macromolecules is challenging because of the weak anomalous effect. Biological objects are often only available in small quantities and are prone to radiation damage, which makes biological ASAXS measurements very challenging. The BioSAXS beamline P12 operated by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) at the PETRA III storage ring (DESY, Hamburg) is dedicated to studies of weakly scattering objects. Here, recent developments at P12 allowing for ASAXS measurements are presented. The beamline control, data acquisition and data reduction pipeline of the beamline were adapted to conduct ASAXS experiments. Modelling tools were developed to compute ASAXS patterns from atomic models, which can be used to analyze the data and to help designing appropriate data collection strategies. These developments are illustrated with ASAXS experiments on different model systems performed at the P12 beamline.

Effect of Polymer Removal on the Morphology and Phase of the Nanoparticles in All-Inorganic Heterostructures Synthesized via Two-Step Polymer Infiltration

Polymer templates play an essential role in the robust infiltration-based synthesis of functional multicomponent heterostructures with controlled structure, porosity, and composition. Such heterostructures are be used as hybrid organic–inorganic composites or as all-inorganic systems once the polymer templates are removed. Using iron oxide/alumina heterostructures formed by two-step infiltration of polystyrene-block-polyvinyl pyridine block copolymer with iron and aluminum precursors from the solution and vapor-phases, respectively, we show that the phase and morphology of iron oxide nanoparticles dramatically depend on the approach used to remove the polymer. We demonstrate that thermal and plasma oxidative treatments result in iron oxide nanoparticles with either solid or hollow morphologies, respectively, that lead to different magnetic properties of the resulting materials. Our study extends the boundaries of structure manipulations in multicomponent heterostructures synthesized using polymer infiltration synthesis, and hence their properties.